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Dymond MK. A Membrane Biophysics Perspective on the Mechanism of Alcohol Toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 37186813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Motivations for understanding the underlying mechanisms of alcohol toxicity range from economical to toxicological and clinical. On the one hand, acute alcohol toxicity limits biofuel yields, and on the other hand, acute alcohol toxicity provides a vital defense mechanism to prevent the spread of disease. Herein the role that stored curvature elastic energy (SCE) in biological membranes might play in alcohol toxicity is discussed, for both short and long-chain alcohols. Structure-toxicity relationships for alcohols ranging from methanol to hexadecanol are collated, and estimates of alcohol toxicity per alcohol molecule in the cell membrane are made. The latter reveal a minimum toxicity value per molecule around butanol before alcohol toxicity per molecule increases to a maximum around decanol and subsequently decreases again. The impact of alcohol molecules on the lamellar to inverse hexagonal phase transition temperature (TH) is then presented and used as a metric to assess the impact of alcohol molecules on SCE. This approach suggests the nonmonotonic relationship between alcohol toxicity and chain length is consistent with SCE being a target of alcohol toxicity. Finally, in vivo evidence for SCE-driven adaptations to alcohol toxicity in the literature are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus K Dymond
- Chemistry Research and Enterprise Group, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
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2
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Qin N, Li L, Wang Z, Shi S. Microbial production of odd-chain fatty acids. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:917-931. [PMID: 36522132 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Odd-chain fatty acids (OcFAs) and their derivatives have attracted much attention due to their beneficial physiological effects and their potential to be alternatives to advanced fuels. However, cells naturally produce even-chain fatty acids (EcFAs) with negligible OcFAs. In the process of biosynthesis of fatty acids (FAs), the acetyl-CoA serves as the starter unit for EcFAs, and propionyl-CoA works as the starter unit for OcFAs. The lack of sufficient propionyl-CoA, the precursor, is usually regarded as the main restriction for large-scale bioproduction of OcFAs. In recent years, synthetic biology strategies have been used to modify several microorganisms to produce more propionyl-CoA that would enable an efficient biosynthesis of OcFAs. This review discusses several reported and potential metabolic pathways for propionyl-CoA biosynthesis, followed by advances in engineering several cell factories for OcFAs production. Finally, trends and challenges of synthetic biology driven OcFAs production are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Qin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuobo Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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3
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Hyldbakk A, Mørch Y, Snipstad S, Åslund AKO, Klinkenberg G, Nakstad VT, Wågbø AM, Schmid R, Molesworth PP. Identification of novel cyanoacrylate monomers for use in nanoparticle drug delivery systems prepared by miniemulsion polymerisation - A multistep screening approach. Int J Pharm X 2022; 4:100124. [PMID: 35898812 PMCID: PMC9310130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2022.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (alkyl cyanoacrylate) (PACA) polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are promising drug carriers in drug delivery. However, the selection of commercially available alkyl cyanoacrylate (ACA) monomers is limited, because most monomers were designed for use in medical and industrial glues and later repurposed for drug encapsulation. This study therefore aimed to seek out novel ACA materials for use in NP systems using a toxicity led screening approach. A multistep strategy, including cytotoxicity screening of alcohols as degradation products of PACA (44 alcohols), NPs (14 polymers), and a final in vivo study (2 polymers) gave poly (2-ethylhexyl cyanoacrylate) PEHCA as a promising novel PACA candidate. For the first time, this work presents cytotoxicity data on several novel ACAs, PEHCA in vivo toxicity data, and miniemulsion polymerisation-based encapsulation of the cabazitaxel and NR688 in novel PACA candidates. Furthermore, several of the ACA candidates were compatible with a wider selection of lipophilic active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) versus commercially available controls. Combined, this work demonstrates the potential benefits of expanding the array of available ACA materials in drug delivery. Novel ACAs have the potential to encapsulate a wider range of APIs in miniemulsion polymerisation processes and may also broaden PACA applicability in other fields. Screening of novel poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) (PACA) materials to broaden PACA nanomedicine potential. A comprehensive screening process evaluated the toxicity of novel poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) (PACA) materials. Novel poly(2-ethylhexyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles has a promising safety profile. Novel ACA materials show potential to enable encapsulation of a wider range of APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Hyldbakk
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yrr Mørch
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sofie Snipstad
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Cancer Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andreas K O Åslund
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Klinkenberg
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vu To Nakstad
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ane-Marit Wågbø
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ruth Schmid
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Peter P Molesworth
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
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Bhembe YA, Lukhele LP, Hlekelele L, Ray SS, Sharma A, Vo DVN, Dlamini LN. Photocatalytic degradation of nevirapine with a heterostructure of few-layer black phosphorus coupled with niobium (V) oxide nanoflowers (FL-BP@Nb 2O 5). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:128159. [PMID: 33113664 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The degradation and removal of antiviral drugs in water has emerged remains a major challenge. This work presents, the photodegradation of nevirapine (NVP) with a novel p-n heterostructure of FL-BP@Nb2O5 nanoparticles synthesized via hydrothermal method. Several characterization techniques revealed a successful formation of the heterostructure with well aligned band positions that promoted excellent separation of charge carriers. A systematic study was conducted on the effect of initial pH, initial catalyst loading and initial concentration on the degradation kinetics of NVP. Degradation efficiency of 68% was achieved with the FL-BP@Nb2O5 after 3 h with 5 ppm initial concentration solution of NVP, at a working pH of 3 and 15 mg of photocatalyst. The stable fragment resulting from the degradation of NVP was n-butanol as evidenced by LC/MS. The successful degradation of NVP transpired with synergistic effect exhibited by the heterostructure that led to accelerated formation of reactive species that were responsible for the breaking down of NVP into smaller fragments. A TOC removal percentage of 19.03% after the photodegradation of NVP was observed, suggesting a successful break down of NVP to simpler non-toxic carbon-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoliswa Anittah Bhembe
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Lerato Hlekelele
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ajit Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam
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Microbial synthesis of functional odd-chain fatty acids: a review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:35. [PMID: 32088779 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Odd-chain fatty acids (OCFAs) naturally occur in bacteria, higher animals, and in plants. During recent years, they have received increasing attention due to their unique pharmacological properties and usefulness for agricultural and industrial applications. Recently, OCFAs have been identified and quantified in a few organisms, and new pharmacological functions of OCFAs have been reported. Some of the publications are related to the optimization of OCFA production through fermentation and genetic engineering. The present review aims to provide a summary on the recent progress in the field of microbial-derived OCFAs. More specifically, we outline the publications of OCFAs related to (i) different sources of OCFAs; (ii) endogenous synthesis of OCFAs; (iii) production of OCFAs through fermentation; (iv) genetic engineering related to OCFA; and (v) role of OCFAs in human health and disease. Finally, some areas that require further research are discussed.
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Zhang LS, Xu P, Chu MY, Zong MH, Yang JG, Lou WY. Using 1-propanol to significantly enhance the production of valuable odd-chain fatty acids by Rhodococcus opacus PD630. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:164. [PMID: 31637528 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Odd-chain fatty acids (OCFAs) have been reported to possess pharmacological activity and have been used in the manufacture of agricultural and industrial chemicals. We here provided a new method to increase the OCFAs content in oil produced by Rhodococcus opacus PD630 through addition of 1-propanol to the fermentation media. The OCFAs in oil of R. opacus PD630 are primarily pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) and heptadecenoic acid (C17:1). After adding 0.5-1.5% (v/v) 1-propanol, the production of oil increased from 1.27 g/L to 1.31-1.61 g/L, and the OCFAs content in oil increased by 46.7-55.1%. Metabolic intermediates determination and transcriptome analysis revealed that R. opacus assimilated 1-propanol through methylmalonyl-CoA pathway. When the nitrogen source was limited, propionyl-CoA was converted to propionyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) which could be used as primer during the elongation of fatty acid synthesis. Then OCFAs were produced when odd number of propionyl-ACP was incorporated in the cycles of fatty acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Shang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Pei Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Mei-Yun Chu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Ji-Guo Yang
- South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Wen-Yong Lou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
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Lova P, Manfredi G, Bastianini C, Mennucci C, Buatier de Mongeot F, Servida A, Comoretto D. Flory-Huggins Photonic Sensors for the Optical Assessment of Molecular Diffusion Coefficients in Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:16872-16880. [PMID: 30990014 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The lack of cost-effective systems for the assessment of air pollutants is a concern for health and safety in urban and industrial areas. The use of polymer thin films as label-free colorimetric sensors featuring specific interactions with pollutants would then represent a paradigm shift in environmental monitoring and packaging technologies, allowing to assess air quality, formation of byproducts in closed environment, and the barrier properties of the polymers. To this end, all-polymer distributed Bragg reflectors represent a promising approach toward a reliable and cost-effective transduction of chemical stimuli and effective colorimetric label-free selective detectors. We show selectivity attained by specific interactions between the polymer and analytes. Such interactions drive the analyte intercalation through the polymer structure and its kinetics, converting it in a dynamic optical response which is at the basis of the Flory-Huggins photonic sensors. The multivariate analyses of the response kinetics also allow distinguishing binary mixtures. Additionally, we demonstrate that such optical responses can be used to esteem the diffusion coefficients of small molecules within polymer media via simple UV-vis spectroscopy retrieving data comparable to those obtained with state-of-the-art gravimetric procedures. Last, we assess the figures of merit of the sensors in terms of lower detection limit, sensitivity, and reversibility, demonstrating that such devices can pave the way to an innovative, simple, and low-cost detection method integrable to in situ assessment of barrier polymers used for the encapsulation of optoelectronic devices, food packaging, and goods storage in general.
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Arndt T, Buschmann HC, Schulz K, Stemmerich K. Lessons learned from a case of tert-butyl glucuronide excretion in urine - "New" psychoactive alcohols knocking on the back door? Forensic Sci Int 2017; 281:9-12. [PMID: 29101909 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in urine is considered a marker of recent ethanol consumption or ethanol exposition. tert-Butanol is primarily used as a solvent and intermediate chemical. Like tert-amyl alcohol, tert-butanol is discussed in Internet forums as ethanol replacement. We discuss false-positive immunological EtG screenings by excretion of different alcohol glucuronides (EtG homologs), mainly tert-butyl glucuronide in urine of a polytoxikomanic in-patient. METHODS Three consecutive urine samples from an in-patient with a long history of multiple substance abuse including solvents were analyzed by DRI EtG enzyme immunoassay (ThermoFisher Scientific Microgenics) on a Beckman Coulter AU680 analyzer, an in-house LC-MS/MS for EtG, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 1-butyl, 2-butyl, and tert-butyl glucuronide, and an in-house headspace GC-FID of free congener substances methanol, 1-propanol, 2-butanone, 2-butanol, isobutanol, 1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, and additionally for ethanol, acetone, 2-propanol, tert-butanol and 2-methyl-2-butanol. RESULTS EtG immunoassay yielded two positive urine samples (0.2 and 0.6mg/L or 0.1 and 0.2mg/g creatinine; cut-off 0.1mg/L) which were tested EtG negative by LC-MS/MS (cut-off 0.1mg/L) but positive for tert-butyl glucuronide (3.7 and 27.1mg/L), 2-butyl glucuronide (1.1 and 3.5mg/L), and 2-propyl glucuronide (0.1 and 0.4mg/L). Headspace GC-FID detected tert-butanol (0.97 and 4.01mg/L), methanol (0.96 and 0.62mg/L), 2-butanone (0.84 and 1.65mg/L), and 2-butanol (0.04 and 0.09mg/L), but no ethanol and no 2-methyl-2-butanol. CONCLUSION Cross-reaction of EtG homologs, mainly tert-butyl glucuronide after suspected tert-butanol or isobutane abuse, explains the false-positive EtG immunoassay findings. Future investigations could address the usefulness of alcohol glucuronides (EtG homologs) in urine as (a) biomarkers of an exposition to alkans or their corresponding alcohol metabolites and (b) as markers for using "old"-well known alcohols like tert-butanol or tert-amyl alcohol as easy to obtain, cheap, potent and "undetectable" ethanol replacements or "New" Psychoactive Alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Arndt
- Bioscientia Institut für Medizinische Diagnostik GmbH, Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 17, D-55218 Ingelheim, Germany.
| | - Hubert C Buschmann
- MEDIAN Klinik Tönisstein, Hochstraße 25, D-53474 Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Germany
| | - Katja Schulz
- Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus der TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karsten Stemmerich
- Bioscientia Institut für Medizinische Diagnostik GmbH, Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 17, D-55218 Ingelheim, Germany
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Schultz TW, Przybylak KR, Richarz AN, Mellor CL, Escher SE, Bradbury SP, Cronin MT. Read-across of 90-day rat oral repeated-dose toxicity: A case study for selected n -alkanols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Read-across of 90-day rat oral repeated-dose toxicity: A case study for selected 2-alkyl-1-alkanols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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