Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Stomach Cancer among Male Adults: A Case-Control Study in Northern Viet Nam

The intake of solid fat and cheese may be associated with a reduced risk of Helicobacter pylori infection status: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 1999-2000

BACKGROUND

Diet plays an important role in Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, and our objective was to investigate potential connections between dietary patterns, specific food groups, and HP infection status in U.S. adults.

METHODS

The data for this study was obtained from the NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Survey) database for the year 1999-2000. This cross-sectional study involved the selection of adults aged 20 years and older who had undergone dietary surveys and HP testing. Factor analysis was employed to identify dietary patterns, and logistic regression models were utilized to assess the association between these dietary patterns and specific food groups with HP infection status.

RESULT

Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, our final analysis included 2,952 individuals. The median age of participants was 51.0 years, and 48.7% were male. In the study population, the overall prevalence of HP infection was 44.9%. Factor analysis revealed three distinct dietary patterns: High-fat and high-sugar pattern (including solid fats, refined grains, cheese, and added sugars); Vegetarian pattern (comprising fruits, juices, and whole grains); Healthy pattern (encompassing vegetables, nuts and seeds, and oils). Adjusted results showed that the high-fat and high-sugar pattern (OR = 0.689, 95% CI: 0.688-0.690), vegetarian pattern (OR = 0.802, 95% CI: 0.801-0.803), and healthy pattern (OR = 0.717, 95% CI: 0.716-0.718) were all linked to a lower likelihood of HP infection. Further analysis of the high-fat and high-sugar pattern revealed that solid fats (OR = 0.717, 95% CI: 0.716-0.718) and cheese (OR = 0.863, 95% CI: 0.862-0.864) were protective factors against HP infection, while refined grains (OR = 1.045, 95% CI: 1.044-1.046) and added sugars (OR = 1.014, 95% CI: 1.013-1.015) were identified as risk factors for HP infection.

CONCLUSION

Both the Vegetarian pattern and the Healthy pattern are associated with a reduced risk of HP infection. Interestingly, the High-fat and High-sugar pattern, which is initially considered a risk factor for HP infection when the score is low, becomes a protective factor as the intake increases. Within this pattern, animal foods like solid fats and cheese play a protective role, while the consumption of refined grains and added sugars increases the likelihood of HP infection.

Calcium Intake Contributed by Whole Foods and Gastric Cancer in Viet Nam: A Case‑Control Study

BACKGROUND

Recent studies revealed the potential tumor-suppressive effects of calcium. We aimed to investigate the association between dietary calcium intake contributed by whole foods and gastric cancer.

METHODS

466 gastric cancer cases and 1531 controls were extracted from the completed case-control studies in hospitals in Hanoi from 2017 to 2019. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain data via face-to-face interviews with the trained interviewer. Calcium intake was calculated based on the food frequency intake per year. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated.

RESULTS

The study participants consumed less than 50% of 700 mg/day compared to the recommended calcium intake. With increasing calcium intake, we found a reduction in gastric cancer in both genders, men and women (adjusted OR and 95%CI, 5^th vs. 1^st quintile: 0.50 (0.36, 0.70), p_trend 0.000; 0.62 (0.42, 0.92), p_trend 0.019; and 0.30 (0.16, 0.57), p_trend 0.000, respectively). The inverse association remained in the subgroups of never-smokers and those with positive H. pylori infection.

CONCLUSION

We observed substantial benefits of calcium intake from whole foods against gastric cancer in the Vietnamese population with a low nutritious status.

Vitamin D intake and gastric cancer in Viet Nam: a case-control study

Background

Most recent laboratory studies have suggested a promising role of vitamin D and its analogs as novel chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment. However, epidemiological evidence, especially regarding the effects of vitamin D on gastric cancer is still inconsistent.

Objectives

Our research aimed to evaluate the associations between vitamin D intake and the risk of developing gastric cancer through a case-control study in North Vietnam.

Methods

We accessed databases of the previous completed case-control studies to derive 1182 incident gastric cancer cases and 2995 hospital controls selected from hospitals in Hanoi from 2003 to 2019. Vitamin D intake was computed by multiplying the food frequency intake with nutrient content based on the Viet Nam Food Composition Tables. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews by trained interviewers using the validated semi-quantitative food frequency and demographic lifestyle questionnaires. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (OR and 95%CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression analysis.

Results

We observed a continual decline in gastric cancer risk according to the level-up of vitamin D intake in both genders, men, and women [Fifth vs. bottom quintile, OR, 95%CI: 0.68 (0.53, 0.86), OR, 95%CI: 0.72 (0.53, 0.97), OR, 95%CI: 0.58 (0.38, 0.89), respectively. Per increment quintile, the statistically significant decreased risk was seen by 7% in men and 13% in women. The significant inverse association between vitamin D intake remained in the subgroups of ever and never tobacco smoking; negative and positive H. pylori infection.

Conclusion

The findings suggested that sufficient vitamin D intake was associated with a lower risk of Gastric Cancer in the Vietnamese population.

Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking and Risk of Stomach Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Vietnamese Men

OBJECTIVE

This study investigated the impacts of waterpipe tobacco (WTP) and cigarette smoking on stomach cancer development in Vietnamese men.

METHODS

A total of 80 stomach cancer cases and 146 controls were recruited in a hospital-based case-control study. Data on sociodemographic, anthropometric characteristics, tobacco smoking, and the dietary pattern was obtained based on a semi-quantitative food frequency and demographic lifestyle questionnaire; and venous anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies were tested by ELISA. Unconditional logistic regression analysis with adjustments for potential confounding was performed to estimate the association between target exposures and stomach cancer.

RESULTS

Compared to the never tobacco smokers, the risk of stomach cancer significantly increased among tobacco smokers (OR 2.95, 95%CI 1.26-6.90, p=0.013). Those who early started tobacco smoking before 26 years old had a high risk of SC (OR 3.04, 95%CI 1.29-7.20, p for trend=0.011). For types of tobacco, It was increased risk in exclusively cigarette smokers (OR 2.85, 95%CI 1.19-6.85, p=0.019) and in WPT smokers (OR 3.09, 95%CI 1.24-7.68, p=0.015). The daily frequency and longer duration of exclusively WPT or cigarette smoking tended to be significantly higher SC risk.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings suggest that tobacco smoking, particularly water pipe tobacco smoking, dramatically and independently increased the risk of stomach cancer.

Ultrasound Image-Guided Nerve Block Combined with General Anesthesia under an Artificial Intelligence Algorithm on Patients Undergoing Radical Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer during and after Operation

This study was aimed at investigating the location of gastric cancer by using a gastroscope image based on an artificial intelligence algorithm for gastric cancer and the effect of ultrasonic-guided nerve block combined with general anesthesia on patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery. A total of 160 patients who were undergoing gastric cancer surgery from March 2019 to March 2021 were collected as the research objects, and the convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm was used to segment the gastroscope image of gastric cancer. The patients were randomly divided into a simple general anesthesia group of 80 cases and a transversus abdominis plane block combined with rectus abdominis sheath block combined with the general anesthesia group of 80 cases. Then, compare the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) at the four time points T0, T1, T2, and T3. The times of analgesic drug use within 48 hours after operation and postoperative adverse reactions were recorded. The visual analog scale (VAS) scores were also recorded at 4 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h. The results show that the image quality after segmentation is good: the accuracy of tumor location is 75.67%, which is similar to that of professional endoscopists. Compared with the general anesthesia group, the transversus abdominis plane block combined with the rectus sheath block combined with the general anesthesia group had fewer anesthetics, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the general anesthesia group, SBP, DBP, and HR were significantly reduced at T1, T2, and T3 in the transverse abdominis plane block combined with rectus sheath block and general anesthesia group (P < 0.05). Compared with the simple general anesthesia group, the VAS scores of the transversus abdominis plane block combined with rectus sheath block combined with the general anesthesia group decreased at 4 h, 12 h, and 24 h after surgery, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The number of analgesics used in transversus abdominis plane block combined with the rectus sheath block combined with the general anesthesia group within 48 hours after operation was significantly less than that in the general anesthesia group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The average incidence of adverse reactions in the nerve block combined with the general anesthesia group was 2.5%, which was lower than the average incidence of 3.75% in the general anesthesia group. In summary, the CNN algorithm can accurately segment the lesions in the ultrasonic images of gastric cancer, which was convenient for doctors to make a more accurate judgment on the lesions, and provided a basis for the preoperative examination of radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Ultrasonic-guided nerve block combined with general anesthesia can effectively improve the analgesic effect of radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer, reduced intraoperative and postoperative adverse reactions and analgesic drug dosage, and had a good effect on postoperative recovery of patients. The combined application of these two methods can further improve the precision treatment of gastric cancer patients and accelerate postoperative recovery.