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Lin M, Hu S, Zhang T, Li J, Gao F, Zhang Z, Zheng K, Li G, Ren C, Chen X, Guo F, Zhang S. Effects of Co-Culture EBV-miR-BART1-3p on Proliferation and Invasion of Gastric Cancer Cells Based on Exosomes. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2841. [PMID: 37345178 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM EBV encodes at least 44 miRNAs involved in immune regulation and disease progression. Exosomes can be used as carriers of EBV-miRNA-BART intercellular transmission and affect the biological behavior of cells. We characterized exosomes and established a co-culture experiment of exosomes to explore the mechanism of miR-BART1-3p transmission through the exosome pathway and its influence on tumor cell proliferation and invasion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Exosomes of EBV-positive and EBV-negative gastric cancer cells were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. NanoSight and Western blotting, and miRNA expression profiles in exosomes were sequenced with high throughput. Exosomes with high or low expression of miR-BART1-3p were co-cultured with AGS cells to study the effects on proliferation, invasion, and migration of gastric cancer cells. The target genes of EBV-miR-BART1-3p were screened and predicted by PITA, miRanda, RNAhybrid, virBase, and DIANA-TarBase v.8 databases, and the expression of the target genes after co-culture was detected by qPCR. RESULTS The exosomes secreted by EBV-positive and negative gastric cancer cells range in diameter from 30 nm to 150 nm and express the exosomal signature proteins CD9 and CD63. Small RNA sequencing showed that exosomes expressed some human miRNAs, among which hsa-miR-23b-3p, hsa-miR-320a-3p, and hsa-miR-4521 were highly expressed in AGS-exo; hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-148a-3p, and hsa-miR-7-5p were highly expressed in SNU-719-exo. All EBV miRNAs were expressed in SNU-719 cells and their exosomes, among which EBV-miR-BART1-5p, EBV-miR-BART22, and EBV-miR-BART16 were the highest in SNU-719 cells; EBV-miR-BART1-5p, EBV-miR-BART10-3p, and EBV-miR-BART16 were the highest in SNU-719-exo. After miR-BART1-3p silencing in gastric cancer cells, the proliferation, healing, migration, and invasion of tumor cells were significantly improved. Laser confocal microscopy showed that exosomes could carry miRNA into recipient cells. After co-culture with miR-BART1-3p silenced exosomes, the proliferation, healing, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells were significantly improved. The target gene of miR-BART1-3p was FAM168A, MACC1, CPEB3, ANKRD28, and USP37 after screening by a targeted database. CPEB3 was not expressed in all exosome co-cultured cells, while ANKRD28, USP37, MACC1, and FAM168A were all expressed to varying degrees. USP37 and MACC1 were down-regulated after up-regulation of miR-BART1-3p, which may be the key target genes for miR-BART1-3p to regulate the proliferation of gastric cancer cells through exosomes. CONCLUSIONS miR-BART1-3p can affect the growth of tumor cells through the exosome pathway. The proliferation, healing, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells were significantly improved after co-culture with exosomes of miR-BART1-3p silenced expression. USP37 and MACC1 may be potential target genes of miR-BART1-3p in regulating cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Lin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Department of Pathology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 999 Huashan Road, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Shun Hu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Department of Pathology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 999 Huashan Road, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiezhen Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Department of Pathology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 999 Huashan Road, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Department of Pathology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 999 Huashan Road, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Department of Pathology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 999 Huashan Road, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Department of Pathology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 999 Huashan Road, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Caihong Ren
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Department of Pathology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 999 Huashan Road, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Xiangna Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Department of Pathology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 999 Huashan Road, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Department of Pathology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 999 Huashan Road, Fuzhou 350212, China
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Viral Encoded miRNAs in Tumorigenesis: Theranostic Opportunities in Precision Oncology. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071448. [PMID: 35889167 PMCID: PMC9321719 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
About 15% of all human cancers have a viral etiology. Although progress has been made, understanding the viral oncogenesis and associated molecular mechanisms remain complex. The discovery of cellular miRNAs has led to major breakthroughs. Interestingly, viruses have also been discovered to encode their own miRNAs. These viral, small, non-coding miRNAs are also known as viral-miRNAs (v-miRNAs). Although the function of v-miRNAs largely remains to be elucidated, their role in tumorigenesis cannot be ignored. V-miRNAs have also been shown to exploit the cellular machinery to benefit viral replication and survival. Although the discovery of Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and its viral miRNAs, is a work in progress, the existence of HPV-, EBV-, HBV-, MCPyV- and KSHV-encoded miRNA has been documented. V-miRNAs have been shown to target host factors to advance tumorigenesis, evade and suppress the immune system, and deregulate both the cell cycle and the apoptotic machinery. Although the exact mechanisms of v-miRNAs-induced tumorigenesis are still unclear, v-miRNAs are active role-players in tumorigenesis, viral latency and cell transformation. Furthermore, v-miRNAs can function as posttranscriptional gene regulators of both viral and host genes. Thus, it has been proposed that v-miRNAs may serve as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancers with a viral etiology. Although significant challenges exist in their clinical application, emerging reports demonstrate their potent role in precision medicine. This review will focus on the roles of HPV-, HCV-, EBV-, HBV-, MCPyV-, and KSHV-produced v-miRNAs in tumorigenesis, as effectors in immune evasion, as diagnostic biomarkers and as novel anti-cancer therapeutic targets. Finally, it will discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with v-miRNAs theranostics in precision oncology.
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Zhang N, Zuo Y, Jiang L, Peng Y, Huang X, Zuo L. Epstein-Barr Virus and Neurological Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:816098. [PMID: 35083281 PMCID: PMC8784775 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.816098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpesvirus 4, is a double-stranded DNA virus that is ubiquitous in 90–95% of the population as a gamma herpesvirus. It exists in two main states, latent infection and lytic replication, each encoding viral proteins with different functions. Human B-lymphocytes and epithelial cells are EBV-susceptible host cells. EBV latently infects B cells and nasopharyngeal epithelial cells throughout life in most immunologically active individuals. EBV-infected cells, free viruses, their gene products, and abnormally elevated EBV titers are observed in the cerebrospinal fluid. Studies have shown that EBV can infect neurons directly or indirectly via infected B-lymphocytes, induce neuroinflammation and demyelination, promote the proliferation, degeneration, and necrosis of glial cells, promote proliferative disorders of B- and T-lymphocytes, and contribute to the occurrence and development of nervous system diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, acute cerebellar ataxia, meningitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and brain tumors. However, the specific underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this paper, we review the mechanisms underlying the role of EBV in the development of central nervous system diseases, which could bebeneficial in providing new research ideas and potential clinical therapeutic targets for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Hunan Dongkou People’s Hospital, Shaoyang, China
| | - Yuxin Zuo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lielian Zuo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Lielian Zuo,
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