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Liévano‐Latorre LF, Varassin IG, Zanata TB. Evolutionary history and precipitation seasonality shape niche overlap in Neotropical bat–plant pollination networks. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Fernanda Liévano‐Latorre
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
- Laboratório de Biogeografia da Conservação, Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia Brazil
| | - Isabela G. Varassin
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - Thais B. Zanata
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
- Laboratório de Interações e Síntese em Biodiversidade, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Cuiabá Brazil
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Stevens RD, Guest EE. Wings of fringed fruit-eating bats ( Artibeus fimbriatus) are highly integrated biological aerofoils from perspectives of secondary sexual dimorphism, allometry and modularity. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Phenotypic variability is ubiquitous. This is especially true in bats, where families such as Phyllostomidae encompass as much phenotypic variability as some entire orders of mammals. Typically, phenotypic variability is characterized based on cranial morphology, with studies of other functionally important aspects of the phenotype, such as legs, feet and wings, being less frequent. We examined patterns of secondary sexual dimorphism and allometry of wing elements of the fringed fruit-eating bat (Artibeus fimbriatus) and examined, for the first time, the modularity of bat wings. Patterns were based on 13 wing measurements taken from 21 females and 15 males from eastern Paraguay. From a multivariate perspective, A. fimbriatus exhibited significant secondary sexual dimorphism. Females were larger than males for all 13 wing characteristics, with significant differences involving the last phalanx of the fourth and fifth digits. Female wings were also relatively larger than male wings from a multivariate perspective, as was the last phalanx of the fourth and fifth digits, after adjusting for wing size based on forearm length. Wing elements were highly variable regarding allometric relationships, with some exhibiting no allometric patterns and others exhibiting isometry or hyperallometry, depending on the element. Wings exhibited significant modularity, with metacarpals, proximal phalanges and distal phalanges each representing a discrete module. The wings of A. fimbriatus exhibit substantive patterns of dimorphism, allometry and modularity. Although the big mother hypothesis is a strong theoretical construct to explain wing dimorphism, there is not yet any sound theoretical basis for the patterns of allometry and modularity of the wing. Further investigation is required to understand the determinants of variation in wing morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Stevens
- Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX 79409 , USA
- Natural Science Research Laboratory of the Museum of Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX 79415 , USA
| | - Emma E Guest
- Bowman Consulting Group , 133 West San Antonio Street #500, San Marcos, TX 78666 , USA
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Pilatti P, Moratelli R, Aguiar LMS, Astúa D. Distribution and Morphological Variation of Xeronycteris vieirai Gregorin and Ditchfield, 2005 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae). ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2021.23.2.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pilatti
- Laboratório de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Avenida Professor Moraes Rêgo, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Moratelli
- Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Rua Sampaio Corrêa s/n, Colônia Juliano Moreira, Taquara, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22713-375, Brazil
| | - Ludmilla M. S. Aguiar
- Laboratório de Biologia e Conservação de Morcegos, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Astúa
- Laboratório de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Avenida Professor Moraes Rêgo, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
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Structure and roles in pollination networks between phyllostomid bats and flowers: a systematic review for the Americas. Mamm Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-021-00202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Maucieri D, Ashbaugh A, Theodor J. Sexual dimorphism in bat wing morphology — variation among foraging styles. CAN J ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2021-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism can lead to differences in foraging style among conspecifics due to morphological differences. Within bats, maneuverability and speed of flight are influenced by wing shape and size, which may differ between sexes. Female bats gain about 30% of their body mass during pregnancy, affecting their agility and flight efficiency. To fill the same foraging niche as males, pregnant female bats would require wing size and (or) shape modifications to maintain maneuverability. We investigated sexual dimorphism in bat wing morphology and how it varies among foraging guilds. Wing photos of male and female adult bats (19 species) in Canada, Belize, and Dominica were analyzed using two-dimensional geometric morphometrics, wing loading, and aspect ratios. Nonpregnant female bats had higher wing loading than males, suggesting that they are less maneuverable than males. Additionally, mass increases during pregnancy may not permit female bats to forage as male conspecifics do. Wing shape differed minimally among foraging guilds with only frugivores differing significantly from all other guilds. Further studies should investigate how female bats forage during their reproductive cycle and determine how frugivore wings differ and whether there are individual differences in wing shape that are not consistent among bat species.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.G. Maucieri
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - A.J. Ashbaugh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - J.M. Theodor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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López‐Romero FA, Klimpfinger C, Tanaka S, Kriwet J. Growth trajectories of prenatal embryos of the deep-sea shark Chlamydoselachus anguineus (Chondrichthyes). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 97:212-224. [PMID: 32307702 PMCID: PMC7497067 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Garman 1884, commonly called the frilled shark, is a deep-sea shark species occurring up to depths of 1300 m. It is assumed to represent an ancient morphotype of sharks (e.g., terminal mouth opening, more than five gill slits) and thus is often considered to represent plesiomorphic traits for sharks. Therefore, its early ontogenetic developmental traits are important for understanding the evolution of its particular phenotype. Here, we established six stages for prenatal embryos and used linear measurements and geometric morphometrics to analyse changes in shape and size as well as their timing during different embryonic stages. Our results show a change in head shape and a relocation of the mouth opening at a late stage of development. We also detected a negative allometric growth of the head and especially the eye compared to the rest of the body and a sexual dimorphism in total body length, which differs from the known data for adults. A multivariate analysis of covariance shows a significant interaction of shape related to the logarithm of centroid size and developmental stage. Geometric morphometrics results indicate that the head shape changes as a covariate of body size while not accounting for differences between sexes. The growth pattern of stages 32 and 33 indicates a shift in head shape, thus highlighting the moment in development when the jaws start to elongate anteriorly to finally achieve the adult condition of terminal mouth opening rather than retaining the early embryonic subterminal position as is typical for sharks. Thus, the antero-terminal mouth opening of the frilled shark has to be considered a derived feature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sho Tanaka
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Faculty of Marine Science and TechnologyTokai UniversityShizuoka Shimizu‐kuJapan
| | - Jürgen Kriwet
- Department of PaleontologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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Hedrick BP, Dumont ER. Putting the leaf-nosed bats in context: a geometric morphometric analysis of three of the largest families of bats. J Mammal 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon P Hedrick
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Dumont
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California–Merced, Merced, CA, USA
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Tavares WC, Pessôa LM, Seuánez HN. Phylogenetic and size constrains on cranial ontogenetic allometry of spiny rats (Echimyidae, Rodentia). J Evol Biol 2016; 29:1752-65. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. C. Tavares
- Departamento de Zoologia; CCS; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Programa de Genética; Instituto Nacional de Câncer; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Departamento de Genética; CCS; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - L. M. Pessôa
- Departamento de Zoologia; CCS; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - H. N. Seuánez
- Programa de Genética; Instituto Nacional de Câncer; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Departamento de Genética; CCS; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Abstract
Allometry refers to the size-related changes of morphological traits and remains an essential concept for the study of evolution and development. This review is the first systematic comparison of allometric methods in the context of geometric morphometrics that considers the structure of morphological spaces and their implications for characterizing allometry and performing size correction. The distinction of two main schools of thought is useful for understanding the differences and relationships between alternative methods for studying allometry. The Gould-Mosimann school defines allometry as the covariation of shape with size. This concept of allometry is implemented in geometric morphometrics through the multivariate regression of shape variables on a measure of size. In the Huxley-Jolicoeur school, allometry is the covariation among morphological features that all contain size information. In this framework, allometric trajectories are characterized by the first principal component, which is a line of best fit to the data points. In geometric morphometrics, this concept is implemented in analyses using either Procrustes form space or conformation space (the latter also known as size-and-shape space). Whereas these spaces differ substantially in their global structure, there are also close connections in their localized geometry. For the model of small isotropic variation of landmark positions, they are equivalent up to scaling. The methods differ in their emphasis and thus provide investigators with flexible tools to address specific questions concerning evolution and development, but all frameworks are logically compatible with each other and therefore unlikely to yield contradictory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Peter Klingenberg
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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Size, shape, and form: concepts of allometry in geometric morphometrics. Dev Genes Evol 2016; 226:113-37. [PMID: 27038023 PMCID: PMC4896994 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-016-0539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Allometry refers to the size-related changes of morphological traits and remains an essential concept for the study of evolution and development. This review is the first systematic comparison of allometric methods in the context of geometric morphometrics that considers the structure of morphological spaces and their implications for characterizing allometry and performing size correction. The distinction of two main schools of thought is useful for understanding the differences and relationships between alternative methods for studying allometry. The Gould–Mosimann school defines allometry as the covariation of shape with size. This concept of allometry is implemented in geometric morphometrics through the multivariate regression of shape variables on a measure of size. In the Huxley–Jolicoeur school, allometry is the covariation among morphological features that all contain size information. In this framework, allometric trajectories are characterized by the first principal component, which is a line of best fit to the data points. In geometric morphometrics, this concept is implemented in analyses using either Procrustes form space or conformation space (the latter also known as size-and-shape space). Whereas these spaces differ substantially in their global structure, there are also close connections in their localized geometry. For the model of small isotropic variation of landmark positions, they are equivalent up to scaling. The methods differ in their emphasis and thus provide investigators with flexible tools to address specific questions concerning evolution and development, but all frameworks are logically compatible with each other and therefore unlikely to yield contradictory results.
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