1
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Li H, Li Y, Chen J, Lu L, Wang P, Hu J, Ma R, Gao Y, Yi H, Li W, Lei A. Scalable and Selective Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Polycyclic Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407392. [PMID: 39031667 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The reduction of aromatic compounds constitutes a fundamental and ongoing area of investigation. The selective reduction of polycyclic aromatic compounds to give either fully or partially reduced products remains a challenge, especially in applications to complex molecules at scale. Herein, we present a selective electrochemical hydrogenation of polycyclic arenes conducted under mild conditions. A noteworthy achievement of this approach is the ability to finely control both the complete and partial reduction of specific aromatic rings within polycyclic arenes by judiciously varying the reaction solvents. Mechanistic investigations elucidate the pivotal role played by in situ proton generation and interface regulation in governing reaction selectivity. The reductive electrochemical conditions show a very high level of functional-group tolerance. Furthermore, this methodology represents an easily scalable reduction (demonstrated by the reduction of 1 kg scale starting material) using electrochemical flow chemistry to give key intermediates for the synthesis of specific drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jiaye Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Lu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jingcheng Hu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Rui Ma
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Gao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Wu Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China
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2
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Yang Y, Li H, Shi Y, Wu Y, Jing X, Duan C. Modifying the Oxidative Potentials of Imines in a Dye Loaded Capsule for Photocatalytic Cyclization with Hydrogen Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319605. [PMID: 38217331 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Modifying redox potential of substrates and intermediates to balance pairs of redox steps are important stages for multistep photosynthesis but faced marked challenges. Through co-clathration of iridium photosensitizer and imine substrate within one packet of a metal-organic capsule to shift the redox potentials of substrate, herein, we reported a multiphoton enzymatic strategy for the generation of heterocycles by intramolecular C-X hydrogen evolution cross-couplings. The cage facilitated a pre-equilibrium substrate-involving clathrate that cathodic shifts the oxidation potential of the substrate-dye-host ternary complex and configuration inversion of substrate via spatial constraints in the confined space. The new two photon excitation strategy enabled the precise control of the multistep electron transfer between each pair (photosensitizer, substrate and the capsule), endowing the catalytic system proceeding smoothly with an enzymatic fashion. Three kinds of 2-subsituted (-OH, -NH2 , and -SH) imines and N-aryl enamines all give the corresponding cyclization products efficiently under visible light irradiation, demonstrating the promising of the microenvironment driven thermodynamic activation in the host-dye-substrate ternary for synergistic combination of multistep photocatalytic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Hanning Li
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Youpeng Shi
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xu Jing
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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3
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Guan Z, Zhu S, Ye Y, Li X, Liu Y, Wang P, Zhang H, Huang Z, Lei A. Synthesis of Cyclopentene Derivatives via Electrochemically Induced Intermolecular Selective (3+2) Annulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207059. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Guan
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Shuxiang Zhu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Yayu Ye
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Xiangwei Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Zhiliang Huang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
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4
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Guan Z, Zhu S, Ye Y, Li X, Liu Y, Wang P, Zhang H, Huang Z, Lei A. Synthesis of Cyclopentene Derivatives via Electrochemical‐Induced Intermolecular Selective (3+2) Annulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Guan
- Wuhan University The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences CHINA
| | - Shuxiang Zhu
- Wuhan University The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences CHINA
| | - Yayu Ye
- Wuhan University The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences CHINA
| | - Xiangwei Li
- Wuhan University The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences CHINA
| | - Yanlong Liu
- Wuhan University The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences CHINA
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Wuhan University The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences CHINA
| | - Heng Zhang
- Wuhan University The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences CHINA
| | - Zhiliang Huang
- Wuhan University The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences CHINA
| | - Aiwen Lei
- Wuhan University Chemistry the college of chemistry and molecular Sciences 430072 Wuhan CHINA
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5
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Chen Z, Wang Y, Hu C, Wang D, Lei P, Yi H, Yuan Y, Lei A. Electrochemical Mn-Promoted Radical Selenylation of Boronic Acids with Diselenide Reagents. Org Lett 2022; 24:3307-3312. [PMID: 35486547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A powerful and environmentally friendly electrochemical manganese-promoted free radical selenylation reaction between boronic acids and diselenide reagents was established. This electrochemical protocol provides a practically applicable way to a series of valuable organoselenium compounds with the use of easy available materials. Mechanistic experiments implied that the seleno-radical formed via direct or indirect electrochemical oxidation of diselenide may be involved as a key species in this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Chen
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Chenjian Hu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Daoxin Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Peilin Lei
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China.,The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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6
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Wang D, Jiang T, Wan H, Chen Z, Qi J, Yang A, Huang Z, Yuan Y, Lei A. Alternating Current Electrolysis Enabled Formal C-O/O-H Cross-Metathesis of 4-Alkoxy Anilines with Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201543. [PMID: 35201639 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While multiple bond metathesis reactions, for example olefin metathesis, have seen considerable recent progress, direct metathesis of traditionally inert C-O single bonds is extremely rare and particularly challenging. Undoubtedly, metathesis reaction of C-O bonds is one of the most ideal routes for the value-added upgrading of molecules involving C-O bonds. Reported here is a new protocol to achieve the formal C-O/O-H cross-metathesis via alternating current electrolysis. Featuring mild reaction conditions, the protocol allows readily available 4-alkoxy anilines and alcohols to be converted into a wide range of valuable products in highly regioselective and chemoselective manner. Moreover, the present strategy can be used in the late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals as well as biologically active compounds, which demonstrated the potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoxin Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Jiang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wan
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Ziyue Chen
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Junchao Qi
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Anqi Yang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Zhiliang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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7
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Wang D, Jiang T, Wan H, Chen Z, Qi J, Yang A, Huang Z, Yuan Y, Lei A. Alternating Current Electrolysis Enabled Formal C−O/O−H Cross‐Metathesis of 4‐Alkoxy Anilines with Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daoxin Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Jiang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Hao Wan
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Ziyue Chen
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Junchao Qi
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Anqi Yang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Zhiliang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Yong Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
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8
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Peng Q, Xu L, Wang W, Zhang L, Tang L, Liu J, Sheng L. Electrochemical synthesis of dipyrazolo/dipyrimidine-fused pyridines via oxidative domino cyclization of C(sp3)–H bonds. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01641e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemically oxidative domino cyclization reaction of methyl azaarenes/ketones with pyrazol-5-amines and 6-amino-pyrimidine-2,4-diones was developed, providing a variety of dipyrazolo[3,4-b:4',3'-e]pyridines and dipyrimidine-fused pyridines with moderate to good yields. The reaction...
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9
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Chang Z, Wang J, Lu X, Fu Y. Synthesis of gem-Difluoroalkenes through Nickel-Promoted Electrochemical Reductive Cross-Coupling. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202108006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Shukla G, Saha P, Pali P, Raghuvanshi K, Singh MS. Electrochemical Synthesis of 1,2,3-Thiadiazoles from α-Phenylhydrazones. J Org Chem 2021; 86:18004-18016. [PMID: 34818010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an electrochemical approach for the synthesis of fully substituted 1,2,3-thiadiazoles from α-phenylhydrazones at room temperature, which is very challenging and complementary to the conventional thermal reactions. The key step involves anodic oxidation of phenylhydrazone derivatives at a constant current followed by N,S-heterocyclization. The protocol is remarkable in that it is free of a base and free of an external oxidant and can be converted to a gram scale for postsynthetic drug development with functional thiadiazoles. Most importantly, the electrochemical transformation reflected efficient electro-oxidation with an operationally friendly easy procedure with ample functional molecules. Cyclic voltammograms support the mechanism of this electro-oxidative cyclization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Priya Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pragya Pali
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Keshav Raghuvanshi
- Chemical Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India
| | - Maya Shankar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Zhang H, Wang T, Xu K, Zeng C. N-Hydroxyphthalimide-Mediated Electrochemical Denitrogenation of Aroylhydrazides to Generate Acyl Radicals and Their Applications in the Syntheses of Fluorenones. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16171-16176. [PMID: 34553932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
N-Hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI)-mediated electrochemical denitrogenation of aroylhydrazides is developed for the first time. The in situ generated acyl radicals could be intramolecularly trapped to give fluorenones with high efficiencies. This electrochemical method features external oxidant- and transition metal-free conditions. In addition, the use of the catalytic amount of 2,4,6-collidine as the base makes this method more attractive for the syntheses of fluorenones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Chengchu Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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12
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Ohmura S, Isogai R, Ishihara K. Radical Cation [4+2] Cycloaddition of Non‐Conjugated Tetrasubstituted Alkenes by an FeCl
3
/AgSbF
6
Co‐Initiator. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Ohmura
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Isogai
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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