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Hu YC, Huang TC, Huang LW, Cheng HL, Hsieh BS, Chang KL. S-Equol Ameliorates Menopausal Osteoarthritis in Rats through Reducing Oxidative Stress and Cartilage Degradation. Nutrients 2024; 16:2364. [PMID: 39064807 PMCID: PMC11280421 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease leading to articular cartilage destruction. Menopausal and postmenopausal women are susceptible to both OA and osteoporosis. S-equol, a soy isoflavone-derived molecule, is known to reduce osteoporosis in estrogen-deficient mice, but its role in OA remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect of S-equol on different degrees of menopausal OA in female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats induced by estrogen deficiency caused by bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) combined with intra-articular injection of mono-iodoacetate (MIA). Knee joint histopathological change; serum biomarkers of bone turnover, including N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) and N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX-I); the cartilage degradation biomarkers hyaluronic acid (HA) and N-terminal propeptide of type II procollagen (PIINP); and the matrix-degrading enzymes matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1, MMP-3 and MMP-13, as well as the oxidative stress-inducing molecules nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), were assessed for evaluation of OA progression after S-equol supplementation for 8 weeks. The results showed that OVX without or with MIA injection induced various severity levels of menopausal OA by increasing pathological damage, oxidative stress, and cartilage matrix degradation to various degrees. Moreover, S-equol supplementation could significantly reduce these increased biomarkers in different severity levels of OA. This indicates that S-equol can lessen menopausal OA progression by reducing oxidative stress and the matrix-degrading enzymes involved in cartilage degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (T.-C.H.); (B.-S.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ching Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (T.-C.H.); (B.-S.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiao-Ling Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Municipal Min-Sheng Hospital, Kaohsiung 802511, Taiwan;
| | - Bau-Shan Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (T.-C.H.); (B.-S.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Kee-Lung Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (T.-C.H.); (B.-S.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
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Sardar A, Ansari A, Gupta S, Sinha S, Pandey S, Rai D, Kumar M, Bhatta RS, Trivedi R, Sashidhara KV. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new quinazolinone-benzopyran-indole hybrid compounds promoting osteogenesis through BMP2 upregulation. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Soy Isoflavones and Bone Health: Focus on the RANKL/RANK/OPG Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8862278. [PMID: 36330454 PMCID: PMC9626210 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8862278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodels via resorption and formation, two phenomena that continuously occur in bone turnover. The RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway is one of the several mechanisms that affect bone turnover. The RANKL/OPG ratio has a substantial role in bone resorption. An imbalance between formation and resorption is related to an increased RANKL/OPG balance. OPG, a member of this system, can bind to RANKL and suppress RANK-RANKL interaction, and subsequently, inhibit further osteoclastogenesis. The serum levels of RANKL and OPG in the bone microenvironment are vital for osteoclasts formation. The RANK/RANKL/OPG system plays a role in the pathogenesis of bone disorders. This system can be considered a new treatment target for bone disorders. Soy isoflavones affect the RANK/RANKL/OPG system through numerous mechanisms. Soy isoflavones decrease RANKL levels and increase OPG levels. Therefore, isoflavones improve bone metabolism and decrease bone resorption. Soy isoflavones decrease serum markers of bone resorption and improve bone metabolism. However, while the available data are promising, the results of several studies reported no change in RANKL and OPG levels with isoflavones supplementation. In this regard, current evidence is insufficient for conclusive approval of the efficacy of isoflavones on RANKL/RANK/OPG and further research, including animal and human studies, are needed to confirm the effect of soy isoflavones on the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway. This study was a review of available evidence to determine the role of isoflavones in bone hemostasis and the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway. The identification of the effects of isoflavones on the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway directs future studies and leads to the development of effective treatment strategies for bone disorders.
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Tanaka M, Fujii S, Inoue H, Takahashi N, Ishimi Y, Uehara M. (S)-Equol Is More Effective than (R)-Equol in Inhibiting Osteoclast Formation and Enhancing Osteoclast Apoptosis, and Reduces Estrogen Deficiency-Induced Bone Loss in Mice. J Nutr 2022; 152:1831-1842. [PMID: 35675296 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equol, a metabolite of daidzein, binds to the estrogen receptor with greater affinity than daidzein and exhibits various biological properties. It exists as an enantiomer, either (S)-equol or (R)-equol. OBJECTIVES We have previously shown that the inhibitory effect of (S)-equol on bone fragility is stronger than that of racemic equol in ovariectomized (OVX) mice; however, the effect of (R)-equol has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to compare the activities of equol enantiomers on bone metabolism in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Bone marrow cells (BMCs) and RAW 264.7 cells were treated with equol enantiomers. The number of osteoclasts and caspase-3/7 activity were measured. We examined the effect of equol enantiomers on osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells. In vivo, 8-wk-old female ddY mice were assigned to 4 groups: sham-operated (sham), OVX, OVX + 0.5 mg/d of (S)-equol (S-eq), and OVX + 0.5 mg/d of (R)-equol (R-eq). Four weeks after the intervention, femoral bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoclastic gene expression were analyzed, along with concentrations of equol enantiomers in the serum and tissues. RESULTS (S)-equol and (R)-equol inhibited osteoclast differentiation in BMCs (97% and 60%, P < 0.05) and RAW 264.7 cells (83% and 68%, P < 0.05). (S)-equol promoted apoptosis of mature osteoclasts by inducing caspase-3/7 activity (29%, P < 0.05) and enhanced osteoblast differentiation (29%, P < 0.05). In OVX mice, BMD was ameliorated in (S)-equol-treated mice (11%, P < 0.05), but not in (R)-equol-treated mice. The concentrations of (S)-equol were greater than those of (R)-equol in the serum, tibia, liver, and kidney (by 148%, 80%, 22%, and 139%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that (S)-equol is more effective than (R)-equol in inhibiting osteoclast formation and enhancing osteoclast apoptosis in vitro, supporting the beneficial effect of (S)-equol to reduce estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in OVX mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miori Tanaka
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shungo Fujii
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Eniwa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Inoue
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ishimi
- Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Uehara
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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Harahap IA, Suliburska J. Probiotics and Isoflavones as a Promising Therapeutic for Calcium Status and Bone Health: A Narrative Review. Foods 2021; 10:2685. [PMID: 34828966 PMCID: PMC8621960 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have potential clinical effects for treating and preventing osteoporosis. Meanwhile, isoflavones have attracted much attention due to their ability to prevent postmenopausal symptoms. Research has established that probiotics and isoflavones can regulate hormones, immune cells, and the gastrointestinal system, acting as links in the gut-bone axis. However, combining the effects of probiotics and isoflavones on calcium status and bone health is a more novel and a still-evolving research area. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are the foremost strains that influence bone health to a significant extent. Among the isoflavones, daidzein, genistein, and the metabolites of genistein (such as equol) stimulate bone formation. It can be concluded that probiotics and isoflavones promote bone health by regulating calcium uptake, gut microbiota, and various metabolic pathways that are associated with osteoblast activity and bone formation. Nevertheless, further experiments of probiotics and isoflavones are still necessary to confirm the association between calcium bioavailability and bone health.
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Effect of Chlorella Pyrenoidosa Protein Hydrolysate-Calcium Chelate on Calcium Absorption Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition in Low-Calcium Diet-Fed Rats. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17060348. [PMID: 31212630 PMCID: PMC6628084 DOI: 10.3390/md17060348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In our current investigation, we evaluated the effect of Chlorella pyrenoidosa protein hydrolysate (CPPH) and Chlorella pyrenoidosa protein hydrolysate-calcium chelate (CPPH-Ca) on calcium absorption and gut microbiota composition, as well as their in vivo regulatory mechanism in SD rats fed low-calcium diets. Potent major compounds in CPPH were characterized by HPLC-MS/MS, and the calcium-binding mechanism was investigated through ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy. Using high-throughput next-generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we analyzed the composition of gut microbiota in rats. Our study showed that HCPPH-Ca increased the levels of body weight gain, serum Ca, bone activity, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC), while decreased serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and inhibited the morphological changes of bone. HCPPH-Ca up-regulated the gene expressions of transient receptor potential cation V5 (TRPV5), TRPV6, calcium-binding protein-D9k (CaBP-D9k) and a calcium pump (plasma membrane Ca-ATPase, PMCA1b). It also improved the abundances of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus. Bifidobacterium and Sutterella were both positively correlated with calcium absorption. Collectively, these findings illustrate the potential of HCPPH-Ca as an effective calcium supplement.
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Abdelrazek HMA, Mahmoud MMA, Tag HM, Greish SM, Eltamany DA, Soliman MTA. Soy Isoflavones Ameliorate Metabolic and Immunological Alterations of Ovariectomy in Female Wistar Rats: Antioxidant and Estrogen Sparing Potential. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5713606. [PMID: 30733850 PMCID: PMC6348823 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5713606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can alleviate estrogen deficiency symptoms especially during menopause. The present study aimed at investigating the effect of soy isoflavones as HRT on immunological and bone health-related parameters with a special focus on the interactions between immunological status and metabolism. Thirty healthy cyclic female Wistar rats were used in this experiment. Ten females were sham-operated, and 20 females were subjected to ovariectomy. Overiectomized (OVX) female rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group (G1, OVX/casein) was fed a casein-based diet, and the second group (G2, OVX/soy) was fed a high soy isoflavone diet. Both groups were compared to a sham-operated group (G3, sham/casein). Treatments continued for 7 weeks. Feed intake, weight gain, and lymphoid organ relative weights were recorded. Some metabolic, immunological, and bone health-related parameters were measured. Moreover, nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined. Bone histopathology and immunohistochemistry to estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) were done. Feeding soy to OVX females reduced feed intake, weight gain, relative lymphoid organ weight, and T-lymphocytes transformation. Soy isoflavone administration normalized nearly all metabolic and immunological parameters to a level comparable to the sham group via oxidative stress amelioration and bone ERα promotion. Soy isoflavones seemed to be good HRT in estrogen deprivation which modulated the appetite, weight gain, lipid profile, proinflammation, and bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M. A. Abdelrazek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Manal M. A. Mahmoud
- Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hend M. Tag
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts-Khulais, University of Jeddah, PO Box 355, ISIN Code 21-921, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Suez Canal University, PO Box 41522, Egypt
| | - Sahar M. Greish
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Basic Medical Science Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Badr University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia A. Eltamany
- Nutrition and Food Science, Home Economic Department, Faculty of Education, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohammed T. A. Soliman
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia
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Nath A, Molnár MA, Csighy A, Kőszegi K, Galambos I, Huszár KP, Koris A, Vatai G. Biological Activities of Lactose-Based Prebiotics and Symbiosis with Probiotics on Controlling Osteoporosis, Blood-Lipid and Glucose Levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 54:medicina54060098. [PMID: 30513975 PMCID: PMC6306850 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54060098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lactose-based prebiotics are synthesized by enzymatic- or microbial- biotransformation of lactose and have unique functional values. In this comprehensive review article, the biochemical mechanisms of controlling osteoporosis, blood-lipid, and glucose levels by lactose-based prebiotics and symbiosis with probiotics are reported along with the results of clinical investigations. Interaction between lactose-based prebiotics and probiotics reduces osteoporosis by (a) transforming insoluble inorganic salts to soluble and increasing their absorption to gut wall; (b) maintaining and protecting mineral absorption surface in the intestine; (c) increasing the expression of calcium-binding proteins in the gut wall; (d) remodeling osteoclasts and osteoblasts formation; (e) releasing bone modulating factors; and (f) degrading mineral complexing phytic acid. Lactose-based prebiotics with probiotics control lipid level in the bloodstream and tissue by (a) suppressing the expressions of lipogenic- genes and enzymes; (b) oxidizing fatty acids in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue; (c) binding cholesterol with cell membrane of probiotics and subsequent assimilation by probiotics; (d) enzymatic-transformations of bile acids; and (e) converting cholesterol to coprostanol and its defecation. Symbiosis of lactose-based prebiotics with probiotics affect plasma glucose level by (a) increasing the synthesis of gut hormones plasma peptide-YY, glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-2 from entero-endocrine L-cells; (b) altering glucose assimilation and metabolism; (c) suppressing systematic inflammation; (d) reducing oxidative stress; and (e) producing amino acids. Clinical investigations show that lactose-based prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharide improves mineral absorption and reduces hyperlipidemia. Another lactose-based prebiotic, lactulose, improves mineral absorption, and reduces hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. It is expected that this review article will be of benefit to food technologists and medical practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Nath
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
- Soós Ernő Water Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Üllő út., H-3 Nagykanizsa, Hungary.
| | - Máté András Molnár
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Attila Csighy
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Kornélia Kőszegi
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Galambos
- Soós Ernő Water Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Üllő út., H-3 Nagykanizsa, Hungary.
| | - Klára Pásztorné Huszár
- Department of Refrigeration and Livestock Product Technology, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 43⁻45, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - András Koris
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gyula Vatai
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
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Xu X, Jia X, Mo L, Liu C, Zheng L, Yuan Q, Zhou X. Intestinal microbiota: a potential target for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bone Res 2017; 5:17046. [PMID: 28983411 PMCID: PMC5627629 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2017.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is a prevalent metabolic bone disease characterized by bone loss and structural destruction, which increases the risk of fracture in postmenopausal women. Owing to the high morbidity and serious complications of PMO, many efforts have been devoted to its prophylaxis and treatment. The intestinal microbiota is the complex community of microorganisms colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotics, which are dietary or medical supplements consisting of beneficial intestinal bacteria, work in concert with endogenous intestinal microorganisms to maintain host health. Recent studies have revealed that bone loss in PMO is closely related to host immunity, which is influenced by the intestinal microbiota. The curative effects of probiotics on metabolic bone diseases have also been demonstrated. The effects of the intestinal microbiota on bone metabolism suggest a promising target for PMO management. This review seeks to summarize the critical effects of the intestinal microbiota and probiotics on PMO, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenic relationship between bacteria and host, and to define the possible treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Longyi Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dental Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Dabbaghmanesh MH, Noorafshan A, Talezadeh P, Tanideh N, Koohpeyma F, Iraji A, Bakhshayeshkaram M, Montazeri-Najafabady N. Stereological investigation of the effect of Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit hydroalcoholic extract on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2017; 7:261-274. [PMID: 28748173 PMCID: PMC5511978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postmenopausal osteoporosis is characterized by increased fracture risk. However, each approved treatment has specific side effects. Therefore, foods with plant origins have increasingly attracted attention as an alternative treatment. Studies have shown that Elaeagnus angustifolia (EA) has antioxidant properties. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of EA hydroalcoholic extract on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats using stereological methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS 55 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control, sham operated (normal saline), ovariectomized (OVX), OVX + EA fruit extract (600 mg/kg BW/day), and OVX + estradiol benzoate (3 mg/kg BW) for 16 weeks. Blood samples were collected to measure calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) plasma levels. Then, specimens from tibia and fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) bones were prepared and stereological analysis was done. RESULTS Ovariectomy significantly decreased the calcium level and increased the ALP level in the OVX group. In spite of improvement in calcium hemostasis in groups treated with estrogen and EA fruit extract (p<0.05), only treatment with estrogen was able to reduce ALP levels. Moreover, treatment with EA fruit extract and estrogen caused a significant increase in the number of osteoblasts in vertebra and tibia compared to the OVX group (p<0.05). Estrogen and EA fruit extract were also able to reduce the number of osteoclasts in tibia of the treated OVX rats (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The results showed that EA extract exerted more effects, markedly, on osteoblastogenesis in the OVX rats. Thus, it could be considered as a potential agent to treat patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohmmad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +987116473096, Fax: +987116473096,
| | - Ali Noorafshan
- Department of Anatomy, Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pedram Talezadeh
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Department of pharmacology, Stem Cell and Transgenic Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Researcher in Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Nima Montazeri-Najafabady
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Tousen Y, Matsumoto Y, Matsumoto C, Nishide Y, Nagahata Y, Kobayashi I, Ishimi Y. The combined effects of soya isoflavones and resistant starch on equol production and trabecular bone loss in ovariectomised mice. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:247-57. [PMID: 27197747 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516001537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Equol is a metabolite of the soya isoflavone (ISO) daidzein that is produced by intestinal microbiota. Equol has greater oestrogenic activity compared with other ISO, and it prevents bone loss in postmenopausal women. Resistant starch (RS), which has a prebiotic activity and is a dietary fibre, was reported to promote equol production. Conversely, the intestinal microbiota is reported to directly regulate bone health by reducing inflammatory cytokine levels and T-lymphocytes in bone. The present study evaluated the combined effects of diet supplemented with ISO and RS on intestinal microbiota, equol production, bone mineral density (BMD) and inflammatory gene expression in the bone marrow of ovariectomised (OVX) mice. Female ddY strain mice, aged 8 weeks, were either sham-operated (Sham, n 7) or OVX. OVX mice were randomly divided into the following four groups (seven per group): OVX control (OVX); OVX fed 0·05 % ISO diet (OVX+ISO); OVX fed 9 % RS diet (OVX+RS); and OVX fed 0·05 % ISO- and 9 % RS diet (OVX+ISO+RS). After 6 weeks, treatment with the combination of ISO and RS increased equol production, prevented the OVX-induced decline in trabecular BMD in the distal femur by modulating the enteric environment and altered OVX-induced inflammation-related gene expression in the bone marrow. However, there were no significant differences in bone parameters between the ISO+RS and ISO-alone groups in OVX mice. Our findings suggest that the combination of ISO and RS might alter intestinal microbiota and immune status in the bone marrow, resulting in attenuated bone resorption in OVX mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tousen
- 1Department of Food Function and Labeling,National Institute of Health and Nutrition,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,1-23-1 Toyama,Shinjuku-ku,Tokyo 162-8636,Japan
| | - Yu Matsumoto
- 1Department of Food Function and Labeling,National Institute of Health and Nutrition,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,1-23-1 Toyama,Shinjuku-ku,Tokyo 162-8636,Japan
| | - Chiho Matsumoto
- 1Department of Food Function and Labeling,National Institute of Health and Nutrition,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,1-23-1 Toyama,Shinjuku-ku,Tokyo 162-8636,Japan
| | - Yoriko Nishide
- 1Department of Food Function and Labeling,National Institute of Health and Nutrition,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,1-23-1 Toyama,Shinjuku-ku,Tokyo 162-8636,Japan
| | - Yuya Nagahata
- 3Product Development Laboratory,J-OIL MILLS,Inc.,11 Kagetoricho,Totsuka-ku,Yokohama,Kanagawa 245-0064,Japan
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- 3Product Development Laboratory,J-OIL MILLS,Inc.,11 Kagetoricho,Totsuka-ku,Yokohama,Kanagawa 245-0064,Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ishimi
- 1Department of Food Function and Labeling,National Institute of Health and Nutrition,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,1-23-1 Toyama,Shinjuku-ku,Tokyo 162-8636,Japan
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12
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Kusakabe Y, Shindo Y, Kawai T, Takahashi Y, Kobori M, Inoue H, Saito I. Sex-Based Differences in Smgc Expression in the Submandibular Gland of C57BL/6 Mice. Pathobiology 2016; 83:287-94. [PMID: 27251053 DOI: 10.1159/000446000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The decrease in female hormone levels at menopause affects whole-body homeostasis. Various therapies including hormone therapy and treatment with herbal supplements are available to improve menopausal symptoms. However, a method for evaluating their effectiveness has not been established. We sought to identify useful biomarkers to assess therapy efficacy. METHODS We searched for salivary proteins affected by changes in female hormone levels in mouse submandibular glands. RESULTS The expression of submandibular gland protein C (Smgc) was decreased following ovariectomy, while the expression of the alternative splicing transcript t-Smgc was increased. Notably, Smgc expression increased following β-estradiol administration, and was barely detectable in the submandibular glands of male mice. CONCLUSION The results suggest that Smgc expression may be estrogen dependent. Moreover, changes in the SMGC protein amount in the saliva were in accordance with those in mRNA expression in the submandibular gland. Our findings suggest that salivary proteins have potential as markers for evaluating therapies for menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kusakabe
- Division of Food Function Research, Food Research Institute, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
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13
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Matsumoto Y, Tousen Y, Nishide Y, Tadaishi M, Kato K, Ishimi Y. Combined effects of soy isoflavones and milk basic protein on bone mineral density in hind-limb unloaded mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 58:141-5. [PMID: 27013781 PMCID: PMC4788396 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.14-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined whether the combination of isoflavone and milk basic protein both are reported to be effective for bone metabolism, prevents bone loss induced by skeletal hind-limb unloading in mice. Female ddY strain mice, aged 8 weeks, were divided into six groups (n = 6–8 each): (1) normally housed group, (2) loading group, (3) hind-limb unloading group fed a control diet, (4) hind-limb unloading group fed a 0.2% isoflavone conjugates diet, (5) hind-limb unloading group fed a 1.0% milk basic protein diet, and (6) hind-limb unloading group fed a 0.2% isoflavone conjugates and 1.0% milk basic protein diet. After 3 weeks, femoral bone mineral density was markedly reduced in unloading mice. The combination of isoflavone and milk basic protein showed cooperative effects in preventing bone loss and milk basic protein inhibited the increased expression of osteogenic genes in bone marrow cells in unloading mice. These results suggest that the combination of soy isoflavone and milk basic protein may be useful for bone health in subjects with disabling conditions as well as astronauts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Matsumoto
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Yuko Tousen
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Yoriko Nishide
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Miki Tadaishi
- Department of Nutritional Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Ken Kato
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., Saitama 350-1165, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ishimi
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
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14
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Zheng X, Lee SK, Chun OK. Soy Isoflavones and Osteoporotic Bone Loss: A Review with an Emphasis on Modulation of Bone Remodeling. J Med Food 2016; 19:1-14. [PMID: 26670451 PMCID: PMC4717511 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder that affects both women and men, although estrogen deficiency induced by menopause accelerates bone loss in older women. As the demographic shifts to a more aged population, a growing number of men and women will be afflicted with osteoporosis. Since the current drug therapies available have multiple side effects, including increased risk of developing certain types of cancer or complications, a search for potential nonpharmacologic alternative therapies for osteoporosis is of prime interest. Soy isoflavones (SI) have demonstrated potential bone-specific effects in a number of studies. This article provides a systematic review of studies on osteoporotic bone loss in relation to SI intake from diet or supplements to comprehensively explain how SI affect the modulation of bone remodeling. Evidence from epidemiologic studies supports that dietary SI attenuate menopause-induced osteoporotic bone loss by decreasing bone resorption and stimulating bone formation. Other studies have also illustrated that bone site-specific trophic and synergistic effects combined with exercise intervention might contribute to improve the bioavailability of SI or strengthen the bone-specific effects. To date, however, the effects of dietary SI on osteoporotic bone loss remain inconclusive, and study results vary from study to study. The current review will discuss the potential factors that result in the conflicting outcomes of these studies, including dosages, intervention materials, study duration, race, and genetic differences. Further well-designed studies are needed to fully understand the underlying mechanism and evaluate the effects of SI on osteoporosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zheng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sun-Kyeong Lee
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ock K. Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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15
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Noorafshan A, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Tanideh N, Koohpeyma F, Rasooli R, Hajihoseini M, Bakhshayeshkaram M, Hosseinabadi OK. Stereological study of the effect of black olive hydroalcoholic extract on osteoporosis in vertebra and tibia in ovariectomized rats. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:2299-307. [PMID: 26174878 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A cocktail of many different antioxidants might be more effective than supplementation with a single molecule, and it closely resembles the natural environment in which active compounds were found. This is the first study well-grounded in stereological examination that showed that black olive extract effectively can ameliorate the quantitative changes of the bone structure and prevented bone loss in this osteoporosis animal model. INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effects of black olive extract consumption on treatment of ovariectomized (OVX) induced osteoporosis in rats. This is the first study well-grounded in stereological examination. METHODS Ninety adult rats were allocated to control, sham-operated, OVX, and olive-supplemented OVX groups (received 250-, 500-, and 750-mg/kg body weight black olive hydroalcoholic extract orally) for 16 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected, and plasma levels of calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase were assayed. Then, the specimens from both the tibia and fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) bones were processed, and stereological analysis was performed. RESULTS Administration of extract resulted in decrease of alkaline phosphatase level during the treatment. After treatment of OVX rats with three doses of extract, the total number of the osteocytes revealed an increment in 500- and 750-mg/kg treated groups in comparison to the OVX group. This increment was significant only in L5. Compared to the OVX group, a significant increase was observed in the number of osteoblastsin L5 vertebra in three doses of extract-treated groups. However, this increment in tibia was statistically significant only in 750-mg/kg black olive hydroalcoholic extract-treated group. Moreover, the number of osteoclast cells were significantly decreased in vertebra and tibia in the treated groups compared to the OVX group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Black olive hydroalcoholic extract effectively can ameliorate the quantitative changes of the bone structure and prevented bone loss in this osteoporosis animal model. Thus, it can be a promising candidate for treatment of accelerated bone loss especially in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Noorafshan
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,
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16
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KATSUMATA S, WOLBER FM, TADAISHI M, TOUSEN Y, ISHIMI Y, KRUGER MC. Effect of Kiwifruit on Bone Resorption in Ovariectomized Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2015; 61:332-7. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.61.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi KATSUMATA
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | | | - Miki TADAISHI
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition
| | - Yuko TOUSEN
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition
| | - Yoshiko ISHIMI
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition
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17
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Sophocleous A, Idris AI. Rodent models of osteoporosis. BONEKEY REPORTS 2014; 3:614. [PMID: 25852854 PMCID: PMC4388108 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2014.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this protocol is to provide a detailed description of male and female rodent models of osteoporosis. In addition to indications on the methods of performing the surgical procedures, the choice of reliable and safe anaesthetics is also described. Post-operative care, including analgesia administration for pain management, is also discussed. Ovariectomy in rodents is a procedure where ovaries are surgically excised. Hormonal changes resulting from ovary removal lead to an oestrogen-deprived state, which enhances bone remodelling, causes bone loss and increases bone fracture risk. Therefore, ovariectomy has been considered as the most common preclinical model for understanding the pathophysiology of menopause-associated events and for developing new treatment strategies for tackling post-menopausal osteoporosis. This protocol also provides a detailed description of orchidectomy, a model for androgen-deficient osteoporosis in rodents. Endocrine changes following testes removal lead to hypogonadism, which results in accelerated bone loss, increasing osteoporosis risk. Orchidectomised rodent models have been proposed to mimic male osteoporosis and therefore remain a valuable tool for understanding androgen deficiency in aged men. Although it would have been particularly difficult to assemble an internationally acceptable description of surgical procedures, here we have attempted to provide a comprehensive guide for best practice in performing ovariectomy and orchidectomy in laboratory rodents. Research scientists are reminded that they should follow their own institution's interpretation of such guidelines. Ultimately, however, all animal procedures must be overseen by the local Animal Welfare and Ethical Review Body and conducted under licences approved by a regulatory ethics committee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Sophocleous
- Rheumatic Diseases Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aymen I Idris
- Muscular-skeletal pharmacology, Academic Unit of Bone Biology, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of human metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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