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Nyui M, Shoji Y, Ueno M, Nakanishi I, Matsumoto KI. Reduction of molecular oxygen by redox active thiols: comparison of glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, cysteine, and homocysteine. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 65:185-192. [PMID: 31777419 PMCID: PMC6877410 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction properties of the thiol compounds, cysteine (Cys), N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), the reduced form glutathione (GSH), and homocysteine (HCS) were compared. The main purpose of this study was to find a thiol-based anti-oxidant suitable for biological experiments and to provide clear reasoning for its selection. The availability of thiol compounds to generate superoxide by reducing molecular oxygen (O2) at a hyperthermal temperature was discussed. An oxidative atmosphere, i.e., superoxide generation by the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction, hydroxyl radical generation by X-ray irradiation, or direct one-electron oxidation by ferricyanide, was prepared in a reaction mixture containing 0.1 mM TEMPOL and 1 mM test compound, and the EPR signal decay of TEMPOL was observed. A reaction mixture containing 0.1 mM TEMPOL and 1 mM thiol compound was incubated at 44°C, and the EPR signal decay of TEMPOL was observed. Thiols could function as H-donors to the oxoammonium cation and produce the hydroxylamine form of TEMPOL in an oxidative atmosphere. Thiols could also irreversibly react with the oxoammonium cation. GSH and Cys could reduce O2 to form superoxide/hydroperoxyl radical at hyperthermal temperatures, but HCS and NAC could not reduce O2. GSH and Cys may cause reductive stress, whereas NAC is a simple tractable antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Nyui
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Shoji
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Megumi Ueno
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.,Quantum-state Controlled MRI Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.,Quantum-state Controlled MRI Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Ueno M, Sekine-Suzuki E, Nyui M, Nakanishi I, Matsumoto KI. Amplification of glutathione-mediated oxidative stress by catalase in an aqueous solution at hyperthermal temperatures. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2017; 60:93-99. [PMID: 28366987 PMCID: PMC5370524 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.16-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The glutathione (GSH)-mediated superoxide (O2•-) generation in an aqueous solution and relation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and effect of catalase were investigated. GSH-induced O2•- generation in hyperthermal temperatures was measured by the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) mehod. Heating an aqueous solution containing GSH caused superoxide from dissolved O2. H2O2 was generated simultaneously in this reaction mixture probably from the hydroperoxy radical (HO2•), which is equilibrated with O2•- in an aqueous condition, and then H2O2 consumed O2•-. Coexisting catalase in the reaction mixture, as a result, could increase O2•- generation. The catalase-exaggerated extracellular O2•- generation could give a harmful effect to living cells. This GSH-induced oxidative stress can be a part of mechanisms of hyperthermia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Ueno
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Emiko Sekine-Suzuki
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Minako Nyui
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Matsumoto C, Sekine-Suzuki E, Nyui M, Ueno M, Nakanishi I, Omiya Y, Fukutake M, Kase Y, Matsumoto KI. Analysis of the antioxidative function of the radioprotective Japanese traditional (Kampo) medicine, hangeshashinto, in an aqueous phase. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56:669-77. [PMID: 25883171 PMCID: PMC4497396 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Oral mucositis (OM) is a common and painful complication of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Hangeshashinto (HST), a Japanese traditional medicine, is known to alleviate radiotherapy- and/or chemotherapy-induced OM; however, the detailed mechanism has not yet been clarified. The aim of the present study was to clarify the details of the antioxidative functions of HST against reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by radiation. The hydroxyl radical (•OH)-scavenging ability and the reduction ability was simultaneously measured using a modified electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-trapping method. The superoxide (O(2) (•-))-scavenging ability was estimated by an EPR redox probing method. Water suspensions of powdered HST and of its seven constitutive crude drugs were tested. In addition, some of the main water-soluble ingredients of the crude drugs were also tested. HST was found to scavenge both •OH and O(2) (•-). Furthermore, HST was observed to reduce relatively stable nitroxyl radicals. Glycyrrhizae Radix (kanzo), Ginseng Radix (ninjin), Zizyphi Fructus (taiso) and glycyrrhizin (an ingredient of kanzo) were all found to be relatively good •OH scavengers. Scutellariae Radix (ogon) and Coptidis Rhizoma (oren) demonstrated reducing ability. In addition, acteoside and berberine chloride, which are water-soluble ingredients of ogon and oren, respectively, also demonstrated reducing ability. Oren exhibited oxidative ability at higher concentrations, which may have a function in maintaining catalytic redox action. The antioxidative function of HST probably worked via a balance of scavenging ROS, reducing stable free radicals, and some minor oxidizing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinami Matsumoto
- Radio-Redox-Response Research Team, Advanced Particle Radiation Biology Research Program, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Emiko Sekine-Suzuki
- Radio-Redox-Response Research Team, Advanced Particle Radiation Biology Research Program, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan Research Program for the Application of Heavy Ions in Medical Sciences, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Minako Nyui
- Radio-Redox-Response Research Team, Advanced Particle Radiation Biology Research Program, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Megumi Ueno
- Radio-Redox-Response Research Team, Advanced Particle Radiation Biology Research Program, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Radio-Redox-Response Research Team, Advanced Particle Radiation Biology Research Program, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Omiya
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Masato Fukutake
- Radio-Redox-Response Research Team, Advanced Particle Radiation Biology Research Program, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kase
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Matsumoto
- Radio-Redox-Response Research Team, Advanced Particle Radiation Biology Research Program, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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