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Liu WN, Hsu YC, Lu CW, Lin SC, Wu TJ, Lin GM. Serum Malondialdehyde-Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein as a Risk Marker for Peripheral Arterial Stiffness in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:697. [PMID: 38792880 PMCID: PMC11123168 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Peripheral arterial stiffness (PAS), assessed by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), is an independent biomarker of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL), an oxidative stress marker, has been linked to atherosclerosis and CVD. However, the association between serum MDA-LDL and PAS among HD patients has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to examine the association of serum MDA-LDL with PAS in HD patients and to identify the optimal cutoff value of serum MDA-LDL for predicting PAS. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 100 HD patients. Serum MDA-LDL was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and baPWV was measured using a volume plethysmographic device. Patients were divided into the PAS group (baPWV > 18.0 m/s) and the non-PAS group (baPWV ≤ 18.0 m/s). The associations of baPWV and other clinical and biochemical parameters with serum MDA-LDL were assessed by multivariable logistic regression analyses. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal cutoff value of serum MDA-LDL for predicting PAS. Results: In multivariable logistic regression analysis, higher serum MDA-LDL, older age, and higher serum C-reactive protein [odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals: 1.014 (1.004-1.025), 1.044 (1.004-1.085) and 3.697 (1.149-11.893)] were significantly associated with PAS. In the ROC curve analysis, the optimal cutoff value of MDA-LDL for predicting PAS was 80.91 mg/dL, with a sensitivity of 79.25% and a specificity of 59.57%. Conclusions: Greater serum MDA-LDL levels, particularly ≥80.91 mg/dL, were independently associated with PAS in HD patients. The findings suggest that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PAS, and targeting MDA-LDL may be a potential therapeutic strategy for reducing cardiovascular risk in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Nung Liu
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien 97144, Taiwan; (W.-N.L.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan;
- Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiung Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Wen Lu
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien 97144, Taiwan; (W.-N.L.); (C.-W.L.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
| | - Ssu-Chin Lin
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
- Department of Nursing, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien 97144, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jui Wu
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien 97144, Taiwan; (W.-N.L.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
| | - Gen-Min Lin
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien 97144, Taiwan; (W.-N.L.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
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Narsini R, Bhaskar V, Luqman H, O SS, Parupati SSR, B V RRA, Krishna Mohan I. Clinical Utility of Soluble Lectin Type Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor as a Biomarker for Myocardial Infarction and Stable Angina. Cureus 2023; 15:e50719. [PMID: 38234947 PMCID: PMC10792998 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Endothelial soluble lectin-type oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (sLOX-1) recognizes oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triggers downstream signaling leading to atherosclerosis. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the utility of sLOX-1 as a biomarker for detecting acute myocardial infarction (MI) and stable angina (SA) and to develop a diagnostic algorithm for distinguishing coronary vasospasm from coronary plaque rupture. Methods We enrolled 62 patients who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography (CAG) and 30 healthy controls (21 men and nine women) and measured sLOX-1, troponin I, and cardiac myosin-binding protein C (c-MyBPC) using commercial kits. Results Patients with MI exhibited higher sLOX-1 levels (301.55 ± 196.16 pg/ml) than patients with stable angina (220.76 ± 103.65 pg/ml) and healthy controls (121.14 ± 77.10, F: 10.55, p<0.001). Although higher troponin I levels were detected in MI patients (263.00 ± 493.00 vs. 3.19 ± 2.15 ng/ml, p=0.0019), no significant elevation was observed in SA patients (1.91 ± 0.79 ng/ml). Plasma sLOX-1 levels showed a positive association with age (r=0.37, p=0.003), but not with gender (r=0.04, p=0.75). Troponin I showed no association with age (r=0.12, p=0.36) or gender (r=0.06, p=0.62). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves revealed that among the three biomarkers, troponin-I showed a higher area under the curve (AUC) (AUC: 0.941), followed by sLOX-1 (AUC: 0.888), while c-MyBPC showed no clinical utility in the detection of MI (AUC: 0.666). Conclusions A marked elevation of sLOX-1 can detect MI and differentiate the presence or absence of plaque rupture, along with diagnosing stable angina.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijaya Bhaskar
- Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Hajra Luqman
- Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Sai Satish O
- Cardiology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, IND
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sLOX-1: A Molecule for Evaluating the Prognosis of Recurrent Ischemic Stroke. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:6718184. [PMID: 34497641 PMCID: PMC8419492 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6718184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several clinical parameters and biomarkers have been proposed as prognostic markers for stroke. However, it has not been clarified whether the risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with recurrent and first-ever stroke are similar. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (sLOX-1) levels and the prediction of the functional outcome in patients with recurrent and first-ever stroke. A total of 266 patients with recurrent and first-ever stroke, who underwent follow-up for 3 months, were included in this study. Plasma samples were collected within 24 h after onset. The results showed that biomarkers for the prognosis of patients with recurrent stroke were different from that of those with first-ever stroke. sLOX-1 levels were correlated with modified Rankin Scale scores of patients with recurrent stroke alone (r = 0.3232, p = 0.001). sLOX-1 levels were also associated with an increased risk of unfavorable outcomes in patients with recurrent stroke with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.489 (95% confidence interval, 1.204–1.842, p < 0.0001). Combining the risk factors showed greater accuracy for prognosis, yielding a sensitivity of 93.2% and a specificity of 75%, with an area under the curve of 0.916, evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve. These findings suggest that the diagnosis and prognosis are different between patients with recurrent stroke and those with first-ever stroke, and sLOX-1 level is an independent prognostic marker in patients with recurrent stroke.
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Otsuki T, Namatame H, Yoshikawa T, Zempo-Miyaki A. Combined aerobic and low-intensity resistance exercise training increases basal nitric oxide production and decreases arterial stiffness in healthy older adults. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 66:62-66. [PMID: 32001958 PMCID: PMC6983435 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Meta-analyses have concluded that combined aerobic and high-intensity or moderate-intensity resistance exercise training has no effects on arterial stiffness. However, a recent study demonstrated that combined aerobic training and resistance training using rubber bands increases basal nitric oxide (NO) production and decreases arterial stiffness with marked reduction of body weight in obese adolescent girls. To investigate whether combined aerobic and low-intensity resistance training increases basal NO production and decreases arterial stiffness without body weight reduction in older adults, 27 healthy older individuals participated in a 6-week program as a part of the training group (mean body mass index, 21 kg/m2; walking and resistance training using one’s body weight) or the control group (22 kg/m2, asked not to modify their lifestyle). The exercise intervention increased aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and plasma concentrations of nitrite/nitrate (end products of NO) and decreased pulse wave velocity (an index of arterial stiffness) without changes in body weight. In the control group, there were no differences in these measures before and after the study period. These results suggest that combined aerobic and low-intensity resistance exercise training increases basal NO production and decreases arterial stiffness in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Otsuki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, 120 Ryugasaki, Ibaraki 301-8555, Japan
| | - Hayate Namatame
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, 120 Ryugasaki, Ibaraki 301-8555, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, 120 Ryugasaki, Ibaraki 301-8555, Japan
| | - Asako Zempo-Miyaki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, 120 Ryugasaki, Ibaraki 301-8555, Japan
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Otsuki T, Nakamura F, Zempo-Miyaki A. Nitric Oxide and Decreases in Resistance Exercise Blood Pressure With Aerobic Exercise Training in Older Individuals. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1204. [PMID: 31616313 PMCID: PMC6764184 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An exaggerated blood pressure response to resistance exercise is a marker of masked hypertension and a risk factor for future essential hypertension. Habitual aerobic exercise decreases systolic blood pressure (SBP) during resistance exercise in older individuals, but the underlying mechanisms have not been explored. This study tested the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) mediates a reduction of resistance exercise SBP with aerobic training in older individuals. Normotensive older adults participated in a 6-week program as a part of the aerobic training group (n = 23, exercised for an average of 4.4 d/wk and 59 min/d) or the control group (n = 26, asked not to modify their lifestyle during the experimental period). The aerobic exercise intervention increased plasma concentrations of nitrite/nitrate (NOx, end products of NO) and decreased SBP during a one-hand arm curl exercise at 20% and 40% of one-repetition maximum and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (an index of arterial stiffness). In the control group, there were no differences in these measures before and after the experimental period. Changes in plasma NOx concentrations during the study period were correlated with changes in resistance exercise SBP. Stepwise regression revealed that changes in plasma NOx concentrations during the experimental period are a significant factor of changes in resistance exercise SBP, independent of age, sex, and changes in serum lipid profile, maximal oxygen uptake, resting SBP, and other variables. These results suggest that NO is associated with decreases in resistance exercise SBP with aerobic training in older individuals and help us better understand why habitual aerobic exercise prevents cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Otsuki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ryugasaki, Japan
| | - Fumiko Nakamura
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ryugasaki, Japan
| | - Asako Zempo-Miyaki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ryugasaki, Japan
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Stankova T, Delcheva G, Maneva A, Vladeva S. Serum Levels of Carbamylated LDL and Soluble Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 Are Associated with Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E493. [PMID: 31443320 PMCID: PMC6722918 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55080493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) has been recognized as the primary receptor for carbamylated low-density lipoproteins (cLDL) and is increasingly being viewed as a critical mediator of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the possible role of circulating cLDL and soluble LOX-1 (sLOX-1) as potential biomarkers of metabolic syndrome (MetS) as well as of coronary artery disease (CAD) among MetS patients. Materials and Methods: The serum levels of cLDL and sLOX-1 were measured by ELISA in 30 MetS patients without CAD, 30 MetS patients with CAD, and 30 healthy controls. Results: Patients with MetS had significantly higher serum levels of both cLDL and sLOX-1 than the healthy controls but lower in comparison to MetS + CAD subjects. Serum sLOX-1 concentration correlated significantly with fasting glucose (rs = 0.414, p = 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (rs = -0.273, p = 0.035) in the whole MetS cohort, whereas it correlated with cLDL only in the MetS + CAD subgroup (rs = 0.396, p = 0.030). The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves of cLDL and sLOX-1 for MetS diagnosis had area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.761 and 0.692, respectively. AUC values of cLDL and sLOX-1 for CAD diagnosis among MetS patients were 0.811 and 0.739. Elevated serum levels of cLDL and sLOX-1 were associated with a higher risk of MetS development [odds ratio (OR) 24.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.86-104.61, p < 0.001 and OR 4.75; 95% CI: 1.58-14.25, p = 0.009] as well as with presence of CAD among MetS subjects (OR 11.23; 95% CI: 3.10-40.71, p < 0.001 and OR 4.03; 95% CI: 1.73-11.84, p = 0.019, respectively). Conclusions: The present study underscores the potential of cLDL and sLOX-1 as promising biomarkers for diagnosis and risk assessment of MetS and CAD among the MetS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Stankova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Ginka Delcheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ana Maneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Stefka Vladeva
- Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital "Kaspela", 4001 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Modulation of Nitric Oxide Synthases by Oxidized LDLs: Role in Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133294. [PMID: 31277498 PMCID: PMC6651385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of physiological levels of nitric oxide (NO) produced by eNOS represents a key element for vascular endothelial homeostasis. On the other hand, NO overproduction, due to the activation of iNOS under different stress conditions, leads to endothelial dysfunction and, in the late stages, to the development of atherosclerosis. Oxidized LDLs (oxLDLs) represent the major candidates to trigger biomolecular processes accompanying endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation leading to atherosclerosis, though the pathophysiological mechanism still remains to be elucidated. Here, we summarize recent evidence suggesting that oxLDLs produce significant impairment in the modulation of the eNOS/iNOS machinery, downregulating eNOS via the HMGB1-TLR4-Caveolin-1 pathway. On the other hand, increased oxLDLs lead to sustained activation of the scavenger receptor LOX-1 and, subsequently, to NFkB activation, which, in turn, increases iNOS, leading to EC oxidative stress. Finally, these events are associated with reduced protective autophagic response and accelerated apoptotic EC death, which activates atherosclerotic development. Taken together, this information sheds new light on the pathophysiological mechanisms of oxLDL-related impairment of EC functionality and opens new perspectives in atherothrombosis prevention.
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Cipolla MJ, Liebeskind DS, Chan SL. The importance of comorbidities in ischemic stroke: Impact of hypertension on the cerebral circulation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:2129-2149. [PMID: 30198826 PMCID: PMC6282213 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18800589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Comorbidities are a hallmark of stroke that both increase the incidence of stroke and worsen outcome. Hypertension is prevalent in the stroke population and the most important modifiable risk factor for stroke. Hypertensive disorders promote stroke through increased shear stress, endothelial dysfunction, and large artery stiffness that transmits pulsatile flow to the cerebral microcirculation. Hypertension also promotes cerebral small vessel disease through several mechanisms, including hypoperfusion, diminished autoregulatory capacity and localized increase in blood-brain barrier permeability. Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, also increases the risk of stroke 4-5-fold compared to normal pregnancy that predisposes women to early-onset cognitive impairment. In this review, we highlight how comorbidities and concomitant disorders are not only risk factors for ischemic stroke, but alter the response to acute ischemia. We focus on hypertension as a comorbidity and its effects on the cerebral circulation that alters the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and should be considered in guiding future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J Cipolla
- 1 Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - David S Liebeskind
- 2 Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Siu-Lung Chan
- 1 Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
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Otsuki T, Kotato T, Zempo-Miyaki A. Habitual exercise decreases systolic blood pressure during low-intensity resistance exercise in healthy middle-aged and older individuals. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1024-H1030. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00379.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Since aerobic exercise (e.g., walking) and resistance exercise (e.g., lifting objects and mopping) are both parts of the activities of daily living, an exaggerated elevation in systolic blood pressure (SBP) during aerobic and resistance exercise is an early marker of cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the effects of habitual exercise on SBP during low-intensity resistance exercise using both cross-sectional and interventional approaches. First, in 57 normotensive women (61.9 ± 1.0 yr of age), daily physical activity level, as assessed by triaxial accelerometry, was correlated with SBP during resistance exercise at 20 and 40% of the 1 repetition maximum ( r = −0.408 and r = −0.348, respectively). Maximal oxygen uptake was correlated with SBP during exercise at 20% ( r = −0.385) and 40% ( r = −0.457). Physical activity level or maximal oxygen uptake was identified as a predictor of SBP during the exercise in stepwise regression analysis, independent of SBP at rest and other factors ( R2= 0.729–0.781). Second, 66 men and women (64.6 ± 0.9 yr of age) participated in a 6-wk intervention as a part of the training (walking, 4.3 ± 0.3 days/wk, 55.6 ± 4.1 min/day, 70.7 ± 1.2% of maximal heart rate) or control group. SBP during resistance exercise in the training group decreased after the intervention (before vs. after: 20%, 143 ± 4 vs. 128 ± 4 mmHg; and 40%, 148 ± 5 vs. 134 ± 4 mmHg). In the control group, there were no significant differences in SBP before and after the intervention. SBP during resistance exercise after the intervention was lower in the training group relative to the control group. These results suggest that habitual exercise decreases SBP during low-intensity resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Otsuki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ibaraki, Japan; and
| | - Takahiro Kotato
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Asako Zempo-Miyaki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ibaraki, Japan; and
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Madrigal-Ruíz PM, Navarro-Hernández RE, Ruíz-Quezada SL, Corona-Meraz FI, Vázquez-Del Mercado M, Gómez-Bañuelos E, Castro-Albarran J, Sandoval-García F, Flores-Alvarado LJ, Martín-Marquez BT. Low CD36 and LOX-1 Levels and CD36 Gene Subexpression Are Associated with Metabolic Dysregulation in Older Individuals with Abdominal Obesity. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:5678946. [PMID: 27525284 PMCID: PMC4976145 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5678946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Obesity study in the context of scavenger receptors has been linked to atherosclerosis. CD36 and LOX-1 are important, since they have been associated with atherogenic and metabolic disease but not fat redistribution. The aim of our study was to determinate the association between CD36 and LOX-1 in presence of age and abdominal obesity. Methods. This is a cross-sectional study that included 151 healthy individuals, clinically and anthropometrically classified into two groups by age (<30 and ≥30 years old) and abdominal obesity (according to World Health Organization guidelines). We excluded individuals with any chronic and metabolic illness, use of medication, or smoking. Fasting blood samples were taken to perform determination of CD36 mRNA expression by real-time PCR, lipid profile and metabolic and low grade inflammation markers by routine methods, and soluble scavenger receptors (CD36 and LOX-1) by ELISA. Results. Individuals ≥30 years old with abdominal obesity presented high atherogenic index, lower soluble scavenger receptor levels, and subexpression of CD36 mRNA (54% less). On the other hand, individuals <30 years old with abdominal adiposity presented higher levels in the same parameters, except LOX-1 soluble levels. Conclusion. In this study, individuals over 30 years of age presented low soluble scavenger receptors levels pattern and CD36 gene subexpression, which suggest the chronic metabolic dysregulation in abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla-Monserrat Madrigal-Ruíz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Músculo Esquelético, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- UDG-CA-701, Grupo de Investigación Inmunometabolismo en Enfermedades Emergentes (GIIEE), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Rosa-Elena Navarro-Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Músculo Esquelético, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- UDG-CA-701, Grupo de Investigación Inmunometabolismo en Enfermedades Emergentes (GIIEE), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Sandra-Luz Ruíz-Quezada
- UDG-CA-701, Grupo de Investigación Inmunometabolismo en Enfermedades Emergentes (GIIEE), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán No. 1421, 44430 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Fernanda-Isadora Corona-Meraz
- Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Músculo Esquelético, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- UDG-CA-701, Grupo de Investigación Inmunometabolismo en Enfermedades Emergentes (GIIEE), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Mónica Vázquez-Del Mercado
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Músculo Esquelético, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- Servicio de Reumatología, División de Medicina Interna, Hospital Civil “Dr. Juan I. Menchaca”, Universidad de Guadalajara, Salvador de Quevedo y Zubieta No. 750, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- UDG-CA-703, Grupo de Investigación en Inmunología y Reumatología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Gómez-Bañuelos
- Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Músculo Esquelético, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- UDG-CA-701, Grupo de Investigación Inmunometabolismo en Enfermedades Emergentes (GIIEE), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- UDG-CA-703, Grupo de Investigación en Inmunología y Reumatología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Jorge Castro-Albarran
- Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Músculo Esquelético, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- UDG-CA-701, Grupo de Investigación Inmunometabolismo en Enfermedades Emergentes (GIIEE), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Flavio Sandoval-García
- Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Músculo Esquelético, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- Departamento de Clínicas Médicas, Antiguo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Calle Hospital No. 320, Colonia El Retiro, 44360 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Luis-Javier Flores-Alvarado
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- UDG-CA-701, Grupo de Investigación Inmunometabolismo en Enfermedades Emergentes (GIIEE), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Beatriz-Teresita Martín-Marquez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Músculo Esquelético, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- UDG-CA-703, Grupo de Investigación en Inmunología y Reumatología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
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Otsuki T, Shimizu K, Maeda S. Changes in arterial stiffness and nitric oxide production with Chlorella-derived multicomponent supplementation in middle-aged and older individuals. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015; 57:228-32. [PMID: 26566309 PMCID: PMC4639594 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorella is a unicellular green alga, which contains a variety of nutrients including amino acids, dietary fibers, n-3 unsaturated fatty acid, vitamins, and minerals. We previously demonstrated that Chlorella-derived multicomponent supplementation decreases arterial stiffness in young men. However, mechanisms underlying the reduction in arterial stiffness by Chlorella-derived supplementation and the effect in middle-aged and older individuals have remained unexplored. This study tested our hypothesis that Chlorella-derived supplementation improves arterial stiffness via an increase in nitric oxide (NO, a endothelium-derived relaxing factor) production in middle-aged and older individuals. Thirty-two subjects between 45 and 75 years of age assigned to placebo and Chlorella groups in a double-blinded manner and took respective tablets for 4 weeks. Before and after the supplementations, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV, an index of arterial stiffness) and plasma nitrite/nitrate (NOx, end product of NO) concentration were measured. There was no difference in baPWV between before and after the placebo intake, but baPWV decreased after the Chlorella supplementation. Changes in baPWV with the Chlorella supplementation were correlated with those in plasma NOx concentration. We concluded that Chlorella-derived multicomponent supplementation decreases arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older individuals. It may be associated with increase in NO production by vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Otsuki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, 120 Ryugasaki, Ibaraki 301-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shimizu
- Sports Research & Development Core, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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