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Bu J, Liu Y, Zhang R, Lin S, Zhuang J, Sun L, Zhang L, He H, Zong R, Wu Y, Li W. Potential New Target for Dry Eye Disease-Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:422. [PMID: 38671870 PMCID: PMC11047456 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition affecting the ocular surface. It is characterized by loss of tear film homeostasis and accompanied by ocular symptoms that may potentially result in damage to the ocular surface and even vision loss. Unmodifiable risk factors for DED mainly include aging, hormonal changes, and lifestyle issues such as reduced sleep duration, increased screen exposure, smoking, and ethanol consumption. As its prevalence continues to rise, DED has garnered considerable attention, prompting the exploration of potential new therapeutic targets. Recent studies have found that when the production of ROS exceeds the capacity of the antioxidant defense system on the ocular surface, oxidative stress ensues, leading to cellular apoptosis and further oxidative damage. These events can exacerbate inflammation and cellular stress responses, further increasing ROS levels and promoting a vicious cycle of oxidative stress in DED. Therefore, given the central role of reactive oxygen species in the vicious cycle of inflammation in DED, strategies involving antioxidants have emerged as a novel approach for its treatment. This review aims to enhance our understanding of the intricate relationship between oxidative stress and DED, thereby providing directions to explore innovative therapeutic approaches for this complex ocular disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Bu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yanbo Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Sijie Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jingbin Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Le Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Rongrong Zong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen 361015, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen 361102, China
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2
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Lixi F, Vitiello L, Giannaccare G. Marine Natural Products Rescuing the Eye: A Narrative Review. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:155. [PMID: 38667772 PMCID: PMC11050997 DOI: 10.3390/md22040155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Different degrees of visual impairment lead to a decrease in patient wellbeing, which has an adverse effect on many facets of social and professional life. Eye disorders can affect several parts of the eye, most notably the retina and the cornea, and the impacted areas might share a common form of cellular damage or dysfunction (such as inflammation, oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration). Considering that marine organisms inhabit a broad variety of marine habitats, they display a great degree of chemical diversity. As a result, molecules with a marine origin are receiving more and more attention in the hopes of developing novel therapeutic approaches. For instance, fucoxanthin has been demonstrated to be effective in protecting the retina against photo-induced damage, while largazole, astaxanthin and spirulina have all shown antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic activities that can be useful for the management of several ocular diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and ocular surface disorders. The aim of this review is to analyze the scientific literature relating to the therapeutic effects on the eye of the main natural marine products, focusing on their mechanism of action and potential clinical uses for the management of ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Lixi
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Livio Vitiello
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
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3
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Radwan B, Prabhakaran A, Rocchetti S, Matuszyk E, Keyes TE, Baranska M. Uptake and anti-inflammatory effects of liposomal astaxanthin on endothelial cells tracked by Raman and fluorescence imaging. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:332. [PMID: 37500736 PMCID: PMC10374751 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05888-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AXT) is a lipophilic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory natural pigment whose cellular uptake and bioavailability could be improved via liposomal encapsulation. Endothelial cells (EC) line the lumen of all blood vessels and are tasked with multiple roles toward maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Endothelial dysfunction is linked to the development of many diseases and is closely interconnected with oxidative stress and vascular inflammation. The uptake of free and liposomal AXT into EC was investigated using Raman and fluorescence microscopies. AXT was either encapsulated in neutral or cationic liposomes. Enhanced uptake and anti-inflammatory effects of liposomal AXT were observed. The anti-inflammatory effects of liposomal AXT were especially prominent in reducing EC lipid unsaturation, lowering numbers of lipid droplets (LDs), and decreasing intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) overexpression, which is considered a well-known marker for endothelial inflammation. These findings highlight the benefits of AXT liposomal encapsulation on EC and the applicability of Raman imaging to investigate such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basseem Radwan
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348, Krakow, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Amrutha Prabhakaran
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Stefano Rocchetti
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Matuszyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tia E Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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Engineering Advanced Drug Delivery Systems for Dry Eye: A Review. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:bioengineering10010053. [PMID: 36671625 PMCID: PMC9854618 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a widespread and frequently reported multifactorial ocular disease that not only causes ocular discomfort but also damages the cornea and conjunctiva. At present, topical administration is the most common treatment modality for DED. Due to the existence of multiple biological barriers, instilled drugs generally exhibit short action times and poor penetration on the ocular surface. To resolve these issues, several advanced drug delivery systems have been proposed. This review discusses new dosage forms of drugs for the treatment of DED in terms of their characteristics and advantages. Innovative formulations that are currently available in the market and under clinical investigation are elaborated. Meanwhile, their deficiencies are discussed. It is envisioned that the flourishing of advanced drug delivery systems will lead to improved management of DED in the near future.
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Nagai N, Otake H. Novel drug delivery systems for the management of dry eye. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114582. [PMID: 36283491 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a frequently observed eye complaint, which has recently attracted considerable research interest. Conventional therapy for DED involves the use of artificial tear products, cyclosporin, corticosteroids, mucin secretagogues, antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In addition, ocular drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology are currently the focus of significant research effort and several nanotherapeutics, such as nanoemulsions, nanosuspensions, microemulsions, liposomes and nanomicelles, are in clinical trials and some have FDA approval as novel treatments for DED. Thus, there has been remarkable progress in the design of nanotechnology-based approaches to overcome the limitations of ophthalmic formulations for the management of anterior eye diseases. This review presents research results on diagnostic methods for DED, current treatment options, and promising pharmaceuticals as future therapeutics, as well as new ocular drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Otake
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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Alugoju P, Krishna Swamy VKD, Anthikapalli NVA, Tencomnao T. Health benefits of astaxanthin against age-related diseases of multiple organs: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10709-10774. [PMID: 35708049 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2084600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related diseases are associated with increased morbidity in the past few decades and the cost associated with the treatment of these age-related diseases exerts a substantial impact on social and health care expenditure. Anti-aging strategies aim to mitigate, delay and reverse aging-associated diseases, thereby improving quality of life and reducing the burden of age-related pathologies. The natural dietary antioxidant supplementation offers substantial pharmacological and therapeutic effects against various disease conditions. Astaxanthin is one such natural carotenoid with superior antioxidant activity than other carotenoids, as well as well as vitamins C and E, and additionally, it is known to exhibit a plethora of pharmacological effects. The present review summarizes the protective molecular mechanisms of actions of astaxanthin on age-related diseases of multiple organs such as Neurodegenerative diseases [Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Status Epilepticus (SE)], Bone Related Diseases [Osteoarthritis (OA) and Osteoporosis], Cancers [Colon cancer, Prostate cancer, Breast cancer, and Lung Cancer], Cardiovascular disorders [Hypertension, Atherosclerosis and Myocardial infarction (MI)], Diabetes associated complications [Diabetic nephropathy (DN), Diabetic neuropathy, and Diabetic retinopathy (DR)], Eye disorders [Age related macular degeneration (AMD), Dry eye disease (DED), Cataract and Uveitis], Gastric Disorders [Gastritis, Colitis, and Functional dyspepsia], Kidney Disorders [Nephrolithiasis, Renal fibrosis, Renal Ischemia reperfusion (RIR), Acute kidney injury (AKI), and hyperuricemia], Liver Diseases [Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Alcoholic Liver Disease (AFLD), Liver fibrosis, and Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion (IR) Injury], Pulmonary Disorders [Pulmonary Fibrosis, Acute Lung injury (ALI), and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)], Muscle disorders (skeletal muscle atrophy), Skin diseases [Atopic dermatitis (ATD), Skin Photoaging, and Wound healing]. We have also briefly discussed astaxanthin's protective effects on reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaniendra Alugoju
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - V K D Krishna Swamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry, India
| | | | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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7
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Recent Advances and the Mechanism of Astaxanthin in Ophthalmological Diseases. J Ophthalmol 2022; 2022:8071406. [PMID: 35646393 PMCID: PMC9142330 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8071406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) is a naturally occurring carotenoid that has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptosis effects and is used for the prevention of cancer. There is growing evidence that AST has multiple protective effects against various eye diseases. This article reviews the function and the potential mechanism of AST in dry eye syndrome, keratitis, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, high intraocular pressure, and other ocular diseases. It provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of AST as a potential nutraceutical.
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8
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Xu J, Chen P, Zhao G, Wei S, Li Q, Guo C, Cao Q, Wu X, Di G. Copolymer micelle-administered melatonin ameliorates hyperosmolarity-induced ocular surface damage through regulating PINK1 mediated mitophagy. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:688-703. [PMID: 35179400 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.2022163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the role and mechanism of melatonin-loaded polymer polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethyleneglycol graft copolymer (PVCL-PVA-PEG) micelles (Mel-Mic) in dry eye disease (DED). METHODS In vitro, the apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HCECs were analyzed by immunostaining and flow cytometry (FCM). The effect of Mel-Mic on autophagy and mitophagy was evaluated by immunostaining and western blots. PINK1 knockdown was analyzed by small interfering RNA (siRNA). In vivo, sodium fluorescein staining, tear secretion test, and periodic acid-schiff (PAS) staining were used to determine whether Mel-Mic can alleviate the severity of DED. Small molecule antagonists were pretreated to investigate whether melatonin type 1 and/or 2 receptors (MT1/MT2) mediate the effects of Mel-Mic. RESULTS Mel-Mic improved the solubility and biological activities of Mel in aqueous solutions. Treatment with Mel-Mic decreased the apoptosis of HCECs exposed to hyperosmotic medium, accompanied by downregulation of cleaved Caspase-3 and upregulation of Bcl-2. In addition, Mel-Mic application suppressed ROS overproduction, rescued mitochondrial function, and decreased the level of oxidative stress associated biomarkers (COX-2 and 4-HNE) in HCECs. Interestingly, HCECs treated with Mel-Mic exhibited increased levels of mitophagy markers (PINK1, PARKIN, Beclin 1 and LC3B) and restored impaired mitophagic flux under hyperosmolarity. While PINK1 knock down largely abolished its protective effects. In vivo, compared to vehicle group, topical Mel-Mic solution treated mice showed significantly improved clinical parameters, increased tear production and decreased goblet cells loss in a dose-dependent manner. Also, TEM assay revealed increased autophagosome number in the corneal epithelium of Mel-Mic group. Moreover, luzindole, a non-selective MT1/MT2 antagonist, but not 4-P-PDOT, a selective MT2 antagonist, blocked the protective effect of Mel-Mic. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that Mel-Mic ameliorates hyperosmolarity induced ocular surface damage via PINK1 mediated mitophagy and may represent an effective treatment for DED possibly through acting MT1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangfen Zhao
- Department of Medicine, The Liaocheng Third People's Hospital. Liaocheng, China
| | - Susu Wei
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiqi Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology. Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanlong Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology. Qingdao, China
| | - Qilong Cao
- Qingdao Haier Biotech Co.Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianggen Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology. Qingdao, China
| | - Guohu Di
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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9
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Tian L, Wen Y, Li S, Zhang P, Wang Y, Wang J, Cao K, Du L, Wang N, Jie Y. Benefits and Safety of Astaxanthin in the Treatment of Mild-To-Moderate Dry Eye Disease. Front Nutr 2022; 8:796951. [PMID: 35096941 PMCID: PMC8792747 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.796951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of astaxanthin in the treatment of mild-to-moderate dry eye disease (DED) in middle-aged and elderly patients. Methods: 120 eyes of 60 middle-aged and elderly patients with mild-to-moderate DED were enrolled in this prospective, one-group, quasi-experimental study. Six milligram Astaxanthin tablets (Weihong Haematococcus Pluvialis Astaxanthin, Hangzhou Xinwei Low Carbon Technology R&D Co., Ltd., China) were administered orally, twice daily for 30 ± 2 days. History of eye diseases, treatment, systemic disease, and medication before the test were recorded. In addition, the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), fluorescein break-up time (FBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score, eyelid margin signs, meibomian gland (MG) expressibility, meibum quality, meibomian gland dropout (MGDR), Schirmer I test (SIt), tear meniscus height (TMH), bulbar conjunctiva congestion degree, blink frequency, incomplete blink rate, and thickness of tear film lipid layer were collected before treatment, 2 weeks after the initiation of treatment, and at the end of treatment. Visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior segment, fundus, discomfort symptoms and other adverse reactions were also monitored throughout the study to assess the safety. Results: OSDI score, NIBUT, BUT, CFS score, eyelid margin signs, MG expressibility, meibum quality, and blink frequency improved significantly to varying degrees after treatment compared with those before the treatment (P < 0.05), while TMH, SIt, conjunctival congestion, the thickness of tear film lipid layer, MGDR, incomplete blink rate, VA and IOP did not differ (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Oral administration of astaxanthin improves the symptoms and signs of middle-aged and elderly patients with mild-to-moderate DED.
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Jafari Z, Bigham A, Sadeghi S, Dehdashti SM, Rabiee N, Abedivash A, Bagherzadeh M, Nasseri B, Karimi-Maleh H, Sharifi E, Varma RS, Makvandi P. Nanotechnology-Abetted Astaxanthin Formulations in Multimodel Therapeutic and Biomedical Applications. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2-36. [PMID: 34919379 PMCID: PMC8762669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AXT) is one of the most important fat-soluble carotenoids that have abundant and diverse therapeutic applications namely in liver disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer treatment, protection of the nervous system, protection of the skin and eyes against UV radiation, and boosting the immune system. However, due to its intrinsic reactivity, it is chemically unstable, and therefore, the design and production processes for this compound need to be precisely formulated. Nanoencapsulation is widely applied to protect AXT against degradation during digestion and storage, thus improving its physicochemical properties and therapeutic effects. Nanocarriers are delivery systems with many advantages─ease of surface modification, biocompatibility, and targeted drug delivery and release. This review discusses the technological advancement in nanocarriers for the delivery of AXT through the brain, eyes, and skin, with emphasis on the benefits, limitations, and efficiency in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Jafari
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19857-17443 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Bigham
- Institute
of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials
- National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54 - Mostra D’Oltremare
pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Sahar Sadeghi
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19857-17443 Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mehdi Dehdashti
- Cellular
and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid
Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19857-17443 Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department
of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9161 Tehran, Iran
- Department
of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9161 Tehran, Iran
- School
of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Alireza Abedivash
- Department
of Basic Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences
and Natural Resources University, 48181-68984 Sari, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Bagherzadeh
- Department
of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9161 Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Nasseri
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advance Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 51664 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School
of Resources and Environment, University
of Electronic Science and Technology of China, P.O. Box 611731, Xiyuan Avenue, 610054 Chengdu, PR China
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Nanotechnology,
Quchan University of Technology, 94771-67335 Quchan, Iran
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus,
2028, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Institute
of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials
- National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54 - Mostra D’Oltremare
pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Department
of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical
Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University
of Medical Sciences, 6517838736 Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology
and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Centre for
Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, viale
Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease affecting approximately 5-50% of individuals in various populations. Contributors to DED include, but are not limited to, lacrimal gland hypofunction, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), ocular surface inflammation, and corneal nerve dysfunction. Current DED treatments target some facets of the disease, such as ocular surface inflammation, but not all individuals experience adequate symptom relief. As such, this review focuses on alternative and adjunct approaches that are being explored to target underlying contributors to DED. RECENT FINDINGS Neuromodulation, stem cell treatments, and oral royal jelly have all been studied in individuals with DED and lacrimal gland hypofunction, with promising results. In individuals with MGD, devices that provide eyelid warming or intense pulsed light therapy may reduce DED symptoms and signs, as may topical Manuka honey. For those with ocular surface inflammation, naturally derived anti-inflammatory agents may be helpful, with the compound trehalose being farthest along in the process of investigation. Nerve growth factor, blood-derived products, corneal neurotization, and to a lesser degree, fatty acids have been studied in individuals with DED and neurotrophic keratitis (i.e. corneal nerve hyposensitivity). Various adjuvant therapies have been investigated in individuals with DED with neuropathic pain (i.e. corneal nerve hypersensitivity) including nerve blocks, neurostimulation, botulinum toxin, and acupuncture, although study numbers and design are generally weaker than for the other DED sub-types. SUMMARY Several alternatives and adjunct DED therapies are being investigated that target various aspects of disease. For many, more robust studies are required to assess their sustainability and applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiya Mittal
- Ophthalmology, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sneh Patel
- Ophthalmology, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Ophthalmology, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Research Services, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
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12
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Meng YF, Pu Q, Dai SY, Ma Q, Li X, Zhu W. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Alleviates Hyperosmolarity-Induced IL-17a Secretion and Macrophage Activation in Corneal Epithelial Cells/Macrophage Co-Culture System. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:479-493. [PMID: 33658825 PMCID: PMC7917392 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s292764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperosmosis stress (HS) was a key pathological factor in the development of dry eye disease (DED). Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) demonstrated protective effects in the corneal damage, however, its role in the HS-induced DED remained unclear. Methods A NaCl based HS in-vitro model (500 mOsm) was generated and used in a co-culture system including corneal epithelial cells (CEC) and macrophage cell line RAW264.7. The effect of NMN on NAD+ metabolism and the expression of HS biomarker, tonicity-responsive element binding protein (TonEBP), was studied in the CEC. The cellular activity, including cell viability, apoptosis status and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release through trypan blue staining, flow cytometry and LDH assay, respectively. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay would be conducted using the JC1 kit. The expression of IL-17a were detected using RT-PCR, ELISA and Western blot. After co-culture with the CEC in different group for 24 h, the phagocytosis ability and macrophage polarization were assessed in RAW264.7 cells co-cultured with CEC with or without HS or NMN treatment. Besides, the involvement of Notch pathway in the RAW264.7 would be analyzed. The potential involvement of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and IL-17a in the crosstalk between CEC and macrophage was studied with SIRT1 inhibitor EX 527 and anti-IL-17a monoclonal antibody, respectively. Results NMN treatment increased NAD+ concentration and thus improved cell viability, reduced apoptotic rate and decreased the LDH release in HS-treated CEC. Besides, NMN alleviated HS-induced MMP, intracellular ROS and LDH release. Besides, it was confirmed NMN improve SIRT1 function and decreased the HS related IL-17a expression in CEC and then alleviated macrophage phagocytosis ability and M1 polarization based on a CEC-macrophage co-culture system. Moreover, NMN treatment of CEC in the CEC could moderate the subsequent macrophage activation through Notch pathway. SIRT1 activation and IL-17a inhibition was regarded as key progress in the function of NMN based on the application of EX 527 and anti-IL-17a antibody in the CEC-macrophage co-culture system. Conclusion The findings demonstrated that NMN could alleviated HS-induced DED status through regulating the CEC/macrophage interaction. Our data pointed to the role of SIRT1, IL-17a and Notch pathway in the function of NMN and then provided updated knowledge of potential NMN application in the management of DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fang Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Changshu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Pu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - San-You Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Changshu, People's Republic of China
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13
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Oh H, Lee JS, Sung D, Lim JM, Choi WI. Potential Antioxidant and Wound Healing Effect of Nano-Liposol with High Loading Amount of Astaxanthin. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9231-9240. [PMID: 33262585 PMCID: PMC7686476 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s272650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Astaxanthin (ASTA), a carotenoid, is a strong antioxidant. However, its application in functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics remains limited due to its low aqueous solubility and stability. Several different encapsulating materials have been used to improve the stability and bioavailability of ASTA; however, the currently investigated nano-carriers for ASTA require additional improvements with regard to their loading capacity and stability. Methods In this study, we developed lecithin nano-liposol (Lec NS) as a novel carrier of ASTA using a simple emulsion evaporation method. The physicochemical characteristics including hydrodynamic diameter, polydispersity index, surface charge and morphology were analyzed by DLS and TEM. The antioxidant activity of the ASTA-loaded Lec NS (ASTA@Lec NS) was evaluated using a DPPH radical scavenging assay and in vitro antioxidant assay. The study of in vitro wound healing efficacy was carried out to observe the beneficial effect of antioxidant activity of ASTA@Lec NS on cell migration. Results ASTA@Lec NS showed improved stability and efficacy owing to improved aqueous solubility of ASTA inside Lec NS. Both in situ and in vitro antioxidant activities of ASTA@Lec NS were higher than that of bare ASTA and Lec NS. It also exhibited strong wound healing efficacy by regulation of ROS level in in vitro cell model. Conclusion This study revealed that the encapsulation of ASTA into Lec NS using a wet phase transfer enhanced its physiological stability and bioavailability for effective scavenging of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeryeon Oh
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials, Convergence R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.,School of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Nanobio Materials and Electronics, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sil Lee
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials, Convergence R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.,School of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Nanobio Materials and Electronics, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Daekyung Sung
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials, Convergence R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea.,Department of Electronic Materials and Devices Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Il Choi
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials, Convergence R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
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14
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Low Dose Astaxanthin Treatments Trigger the Hormesis of Human Astroglioma Cells by Up-Regulating the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase and Down-Regulated the Tumor Suppressor Protein P53. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100434. [PMID: 33086722 PMCID: PMC7590133 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AXT) is a xanthophyll carotenoid known to have potent anti-cancer effects via upregulation of the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which triggers apoptosis of cancer cells. While several studies have shown that AXT has potential as an anti-cancer drug, its effects in glioblastoma multiforme cells remain relatively unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of AXT in the astroglioma cell lines U251-MG, T98G, and CRT-MG. We found that the response to AXT varied between cell lines. Moreover, U251-MG cells showed a specific hormetic response to AXT. At high concentrations (20–40 μM), AXT triggered apoptosis in U251-MG cells, as it has been previously shown in other cancer cell lines. However, low concentrations (4–8 μM) of AXT were found to upregulate the proliferative cell cycle. Furthermore, at low concentrations, AXT did not affect the intracellular ROS levels, while the superoxide dismutase activity increased moderately. Western blot analysis showed that treatment with a low concentration of AXT upregulated cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 2 and p-Cdk2/3 levels and downregulated the expression of tumor protein p53. Thus, our results showed that AXT has a hormetic effect in the astroglioma cell line U251-MG.
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15
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Hashimoto H, Arai K, Takahashi J, Chikuda M. The effect of aging on the antioxidative activity of astaxanthin in human aqueous humor. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 68:169-172. [PMID: 33879969 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously evaluated the antioxidative effects of astaxanthin intake in the aqueous humor by measuring reactive oxygen species-related parameters, including O2 •- scavenging activity, H2O2 level, and total hydroperoxides level. In this study, we analyzed the antioxidative effects of astaxanthin in relation to age in 16 males and 19 females (average age 71.3 and 70.6, respectively) who underwent bilateral cataract surgery on one side before and the other side after astaxanthin intake (6 mg/day for 2 weeks). None of the parameters correlated with age before astaxanthin intake, but only total hydroperoxides level was significantly correlated after the astaxanthin intake (r = 0.4, p<0.05). Total hydroperoxides levels were similar in younger and older patients (<70 vs ≥70 years) before astaxanthin, but decreased significantly more in younger patients (-0.21 ± 0.18 vs -0.05 ± 0.31, p<0.05) after the intake, resulting in significantly different levels (p<0.05). The previously observed decrease in mean total hydroperoxides levels following astaxanthin intake was therefore considered likely to be attributable to a greater response in younger subjects. Given that total hydroperoxides levels reflect general antioxidative status, astaxanthin intake may exert a greater antioxidative effect in younger patients. Further comparative studies involving younger subjects and different astaxanthin doses are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Hashimoto
- Tsukuba Hashimoto Optical Clinic, 530 Furuku, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0021, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Arai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Dokkyo Medical University, 2-1-50 Minamikoshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8555, Japan
| | - Jiro Takahashi
- Fuji Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 55 Yokohoonji, Kamiichi-machi, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama 930-0397, Japan
| | - Makoto Chikuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Dokkyo Medical University, 2-1-50 Minamikoshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8555, Japan
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16
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Fukuta T, Hirai S, Yoshida T, Maoka T, Kogure K. Protective Effect of Antioxidative Liposomes Co-encapsulating Astaxanthin and Capsaicin on CCl 4-Induced Liver Injury. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:1272-1274. [PMID: 32741949 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study reported that co-encapsulation of potent antioxidants astaxanthin (Asx) and capsaisin (Cap) into liposomes brought about synergistically higher antioxidative activity than the calculated additive activity of each single antioxidant encapsulating liposome. Based on the previous computational chemistry analysis, the synergistic effect was revealed to be resulted from intermolecular interactions between Asx, especially 3R,3'R-form of Asx stereoisomer (Asx-R), and Cap, by which changes of electronic states of the polyene moiety of Asx-R were induced. Although liposomes co-encapsulating Asx-R and Cap (Asx-R/Cap-Lipo) at an optimal ratio clearly showed synergistic antioxidative activity in vitro, it is unclear whether the effective antioxidative activity derived from intermolecular interaction between Asx-R and Cap is also exerted in vivo. Therefore, in this study, we investigated therapeutic potential of Asx-R/Cap-Lipo as an antioxidant formulation in vivo. For this purpose, we employed carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury rat model, since CCl4 is known to cause oxidative damage in liver. CCl4 administration significantly increased the levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Intravenous combined administration of liposomes encapsulating Asx-R (Asx-R-Lipo) and liposomes encapsulating Cap (Cap-Lipo) significantly decreased CCl4-induced increase of AST and ALT levels. Importantly, the treatment with Asx-R/Cap-Lipo tended to show higher protective effect on acute liver injury than combined treatment with Asx-R-Lipo plus Cap-Lipo. These results suggest that co-encapsulated Asx-R and Cap in liposomal membranes could exert more effective antioxidative activities in vivo, and that Asx-R/Cap-Lipo would be a hopeful antioxidant formulation for treating reactive oxygen species-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Fukuta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Shota Hirai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Tatsusada Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | | | - Kentaro Kogure
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
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17
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Manabe K, Kaidzu S, Tsutsui A, Mochiji M, Matsuoka Y, Takagi Y, Miyamoto E, Tanito M. Effects of French maritime pine bark/bilberry fruit extracts on intraocular pressure for primary open-angle glaucoma. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 68:67-72. [PMID: 33536714 PMCID: PMC7844666 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested oral French maritime pine bark (40 mg)/bilberry fruit extract (90 mg) supplements for intraocular pressure-lowering effects in Japanese subjects with primary open-angle glaucoma. Eighteen subjects (29 eyes) were recruited with intraocular pressure of ≥15 mmHg who used one to three bottles of antiglaucoma medications. After a 2-week observation (period 1), subjects ingested a tablet/day of Sante® Glagenox for 4 weeks (period 2). The mean intraocular pressure (17.2 ± 2.3 mmHg) decreased significantly to 15.7 ± 1.9 mmHg (8.7% reduction) at week 4 (p = 0.0046). The mean morning intraocular pressure (14.1 ± 3.1 mmHg) self-measured using the iCare HOME tonometer during period 1 decreased significantly to 13.3 ± 2.9 mmHg (5.7% reduction) during period 2 (p = 0.0291). Blood redox parameters, diacron reactive oxygen metabolites, biologic antioxidant potential, and sulfhydryl tests were unchanged after 4-week supplementation. Intra-subject comparisons, compared to period 1, showed pooled, self-measured, period-2 intraocular pressures was significantly lower in nine subjects (50%), unchanged in six subjects (33%), and elevated in three subjects (17%), suggesting some non-responders. Four-week supplementation with French maritime pine bark/bilberry fruit extracts can further reduce intraocular pressure even in Japanese patients with controlled primary open-angle glaucoma. Further study should confirm the intraocular pressure-lowering effects and mechanisms of this supplement in glaucoma management. The study was registered in UMIN (ID: UMIN000033200).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Manabe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501 Japan
| | - Sachiko Kaidzu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501 Japan
| | - Aika Tsutsui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501 Japan
| | - Mihoko Mochiji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501 Japan
| | - Yotaro Matsuoka
- Division of Ophthalmology, Matsue Red Cross Hospital, Matsue, Shimane 690-8506, Japan
| | | | | | - Masaki Tanito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501 Japan
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18
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Giannaccare G, Pellegrini M, Senni C, Bernabei F, Scorcia V, Cicero AFG. Clinical Applications of Astaxanthin in the Treatment of Ocular Diseases: Emerging Insights. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18050239. [PMID: 32370045 PMCID: PMC7281326 DOI: 10.3390/md18050239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a naturally occurring red carotenoid pigment belonging to the family of xanthophylls, and is typically found in marine environments, especially in microalgae and seafood such as salmonids, shrimps and lobsters. Due to its unique molecular structure, astaxanthin features some important biologic properties, mostly represented by strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic activities. A growing body of evidence suggests that astaxanthin is efficacious in the prevention and treatment of several ocular diseases, ranging from the anterior to the posterior pole of the eye. Therefore, the present review aimed at providing a comprehensive evaluation of current clinical applications of astaxanthin in the management of ocular diseases. The efficacy of this carotenoid in the setting of retinal diseases, ocular surface disorders, uveitis, cataract and asthenopia is reported in numerous animal and human studies, which highlight its ability of modulating several metabolic pathways, subsequently restoring the cellular homeostatic balance. To maximize its multitarget therapeutic effects, further long-term clinical trials are warranted in order to define appropriate dosage, route of administration and exact composition of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Marco Pellegrini
- Ophthalmology Unit, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (C.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Carlotta Senni
- Ophthalmology Unit, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (C.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Federico Bernabei
- Ophthalmology Unit, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (C.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Scorcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.G.); (V.S.)
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19
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Shimokawa T, Fukuta T, Inagi T, Kogure K. Protective effect of high-affinity liposomes encapsulating astaxanthin against corneal disorder in the in vivo rat dry eye disease model. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 66:224-232. [PMID: 32523249 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by decreases in tear volume and excessive tear evaporation is a key factor in dry eye disease (DED). Previously, we reported that desiccation stress induces reactive oxygen species generation and up-regulated expression of age-related markers such as p53, p21 and p16. We also showed that the antioxidant astaxanthin prepared as a liposomal formulation could suppress these phenomena in the in vitro DED model. In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of liposomes encapsulating astaxanthin against superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK) in the in vivo rat DED model. This model of DED was characterized by decreased tear volume and increased fluorescein score as an indicator of SPK as well as upregulated expression of age-related markers. Repeat-dose of liposomal astaxanthin prevented increases in the fluorescein score and up-regulation of age-related markers. Liposomes bearing a slight positive surface charge had superior effects and higher affinity compared to neutral liposomes. Furthermore, fluorescence intensities in rat corneal epithelium after administration of high-affinity liposomes labeled with fluorescent dye were higher than those for neutral liposomes. In conclusion, we developed the high-affinity liposomal formulation that can prevent DED and promote antioxidative effects of astaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuharu Shimokawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.,Fuji Research Laboratories Pharmaceutical Division, Kowa Company, Ltd., 332-1, Ohnoshinden, Shizuoka 417-8650, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fukuta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Toshio Inagi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kogure
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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20
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Fukuta T, Hirai S, Yoshida T, Maoka T, Kogure K. Enhancement of antioxidative activity of astaxanthin by combination with an antioxidant capable of forming intermolecular interactions. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:818-828. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1693042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Fukuta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shota Hirai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tatsusada Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Maoka
- Research Institute for Production Development, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kogure
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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21
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Hara H, Kobayashi M, Shiiba M, Kamiya T, Adachi T. Sublethal treatment with plasma-activated medium induces senescence-like growth arrest of A549 cells: involvement of intracellular mobile zinc. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 65:16-22. [PMID: 31379409 PMCID: PMC6667388 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma-activated medium (PAM) is a solution produced by exposing a liquid medium to non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP). A number of reactive molecules, such as reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, are contained in PAM. Therefore, exposure to high doses of PAM results in cell death. We previously demonstrated that intracellular zinc (Zn2+) serves as an important mediator in PAM-induced cell death; however, the effects of sublethal treatment with PAM on cell functions are not fully understood. In the present study, we found that sublethal PAM treatment suppressed cell proliferation and induced senescence-like changes in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed that PAM induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. PAM increased the level of intracellular free Zn2+ and the Zn2+ chelator TPEN counteracted PAM-induced growth suppression, suggesting that Zn2+ functions in PAM-induced growth suppression. In addition, sublethal treatment with PAM induced phosphorylation of ATM kinase, accumulation of p53 protein, and expression of p21 and GADD45A, which are known p53 target genes, in a Zn2+-dependent manner. These results suggest that the induction of growth arrest and cellular senescence by sublethal PAM treatment is mediated by Zn2+-dependent activation of the ATM/p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Hara
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Mari Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Moe Shiiba
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kamiya
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Adachi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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