1
|
Anand P, Cermelli S, Li Z, Kassan A, Bosch M, Sigua R, Huang L, Ouellette AJ, Pol A, Welte MA, Gross SP. A novel role for lipid droplets in the organismal antibacterial response. eLife 2012; 1:e00003. [PMID: 23150794 PMCID: PMC3491588 DOI: 10.7554/elife.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously discovered histones bound to cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs); here we show that this forms a cellular antibacterial defense system. Sequestered on droplets under normal conditions, in the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipoteichoic acid (LTA), histones are released from the droplets and kill bacteria efficiently in vitro. Droplet-bound histones also function in vivo: when injected into Drosophila embryos lacking droplet-bound histones, bacteria grow rapidly. In contrast, bacteria injected into embryos with droplet-bound histones die. Embryos with droplet-bound histones displayed more than a fourfold survival advantage when challenged with four different bacterial species. Our data suggests that this intracellular antibacterial defense system may function in adult flies, and also potentially in mice.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00003.001.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preetha Anand
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Silvia Cermelli
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Zhihuan Li
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Adam Kassan
- Equip de Proliferació i Senyalització Cel.lular, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Bosch
- Equip de Proliferació i Senyalització Cel.lular, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robilyn Sigua
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Andre J Ouellette
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Albert Pol
- Equip de Proliferació i Senyalització Cel.lular, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael A Welte
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Steven P Gross
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
DU Y, Wang T, Jiang N, Ren RT, Li C, Li CK, Fu FH. Sodium aescinate ameliorates liver injury induced by methyl parathion in rats. Exp Ther Med 2012; 3:818-822. [PMID: 22969975 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl parathion, a highly cytotoxic insecticide, has been used in agricultural pest control for several years. The present study investigated the protective effect of sodium aescinate (SA, the sodium salt of aescin) against liver injury induced by methyl parathion. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8 animals: the control group; the methyl parathion (15 mg/kg) poisoning (MP) group; and the MP plus SA at doses of 0.45, 0.9 and 1.8 mg/kg groups. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the plasma were assayed. Nitric oxide (NO) and antioxidative parameters were measured. Histopathological examination of the liver was also performed. The results revealed that SA had no effect on AChE. Treatment with SA decreased the activities of ALT and AST, and the levels of malondialdehyde and NO. Treatment with SA also increased the level of glutathione and the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. SA administration also ameliorated liver injury induced by methyl parathion poisoning. The findings indicate that SA protects against liver injury induced by methyl parathion and that the mechanism of action is related to the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of SA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan DU
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang N, Xin W, Wang T, Zhang L, Fan H, Du Y, Li C, Fu F. Protective effect of aescin from the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum on liver injury induced by endotoxin in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:1276-1284. [PMID: 21802269 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of aescin on acute liver injury induced by endotoxin, liver injury was established by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. Animals were assigned to seven groups: the control group and groups treated with LPS (40 mg/kg), aescin (3.6 mg/kg), LPS plus dexamethasone (4 mg/kg) and LPS plus aescin (0.9, 1.8 or 3.6 mg/kg). Hepatic histopathological changes were examined under a light microscope. Activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum were determined. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), nitric oxide (NO) and antioxidative parameters in liver homogenate were measured. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR), 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) expressions in liver were determined by western blotting. Treatment with escin could inhibit immigration of inflammatory cells, alleviate the degree of necrosis, and decrease serum ALT and AST activities. Aescin also down-regulated levels of inflammation mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β and NO) and 11β-HSD2 expression in liver, up-regulated GR expression, enhanced endogenous antioxidative capacity, but have no obvious effect on 11β-HSD1 expression in liver. The findings suggest aescin has protective effects on endotoxin-induced liver injury, and the underlying mechanisms were associated with its anti-inflammatory effects, up-regulating GR expression, down-regulating 11β-HSD2 experssion, and antixoidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Du Y, Wang T, Jiang N, Ren RT, Zhao DL, Li C, Fu FH. Protective effect of sodium aescinate on lung injury induced by methyl parathion. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 30:1584-91. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327110393764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methyl parathion (MP) is a high venenosus insecticide. It has been used in pest control of agriculture for several years. The present study is performed to investigate the protective effect of sodium aescinate (SA) on lung injury induced by MP. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats are randomly divided into five groups, with 8 animals in each group: control group, MP administration group, MP plus SA at doses of 0.45 mg/kg, 0.9 mg/kg and 1.8 mg/kg groups. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and nitric oxide (NO) level in plasma, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, NO level, and antioxidative parameters in lung tissue are assayed. Histopathological examination of lung is also performed. The results show that SA has no effect on AChE. Treatment with SA decreases the activity of MPO in lung and the level of NO in plasma and lung. The level of malondialdehyde in lung is decreased after SA treatments. SA increases the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and the content of glutathione in lung. SA administration also ameliorates lung injury induced by MP. The findings indicate that SA could protect lung injury induced by MP and the mechanism of action is related to the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effect of SA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, NO. 32, Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, NO. 32, Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, NO. 32, Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Ru-Tong Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, NO. 32, Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - De-Lu Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Taiping Road, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, NO. 32, Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Feng-Hua Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, NO. 32, Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sebai H, Sani M, Yacoubi MT, Aouani E, Ghanem-Boughanmi N, Ben-Attia M. Resveratrol, a red wine polyphenol, attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress in rat liver. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:1078-1083. [PMID: 20089305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a glycolipid component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria inducing deleterious effects on several organs including the liver and eventually leading to septic shock and death. Endotoxemia-induced hepatotoxicity is characterized by disturbed intracellular redox balance, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation inducing DNA, proteins and membrane lipid damages. Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4' trihydroxystilbene) is a phytoalexin polyphenol exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of subacute pre-treatment with this natural compound on LPS-induced hepatotoxicity in rat. Resveratrol counteracted LPS-induced lipoperoxidation and depletion of antioxidant enzyme activities as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) but slightly glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. The polyphenol also abrogated LPS-induced liver and plasma nitric oxide (NO) elevation and attenuated endotoxemia-induced hepatic tissue injury. Importantly resveratrol treatment abolished LPS-induced iron sequestration from plasma to liver compartment. Our data suggest that resveratrol is capable of alleviating LPS-induced hepatotoxicity and that its mode of action may involve differential iron compartmentalization via iron shuttling proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Sebai
- Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisie.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|