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Jafari S, Kolivand S. Performance of Iterative Reconstruction in Image Space Algorithm in Combination with Automatic Tube Current Modulation Compared to Filtered Back Projection in Brain CT Scan. J Biomed Phys Eng 2024; 14:379-388. [PMID: 39175556 PMCID: PMC11336050 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2404-1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Background High-quality images with minimum radiation dose are considered a challenge in Computed Tomography (CT) scans. Objective The current study aimed to assess the efficacy of the Iterative Reconstruction in Image Space (IRIS) algorithm combined with Automatic Tube Current Modulation (ATCM) compared to Filtered Back Projection (FBP) in brain CT scans. Material and Methods In this cross-sectional study, 200 patients underwent to brain CT scan, and images were then reconstructed using both FBP and IRIS. The CT Number (CTN), noise, and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) were computed for different tissues from CT images. The performance of two algorithms under different exposure conditions was evaluated using a water phantom. Two experienced radiologists assessed the image quality. Volume CT Dose Index (CTDIvol) and Dose Length Product (DLP) were recorded for each scan. Results FBP reconstruction exhibited higher noise and lower SNR compared to IRIS, both with and without ATCM. Noise levels significantly increased for FBP combined with ATCM. Subjective analysis showed higher performance for IRIS without ATCM compared to other approaches. The mean CTDIvol with and without ATCM was 20.04±3.33 and 36.37±4.65 mGy, respectively. In the phantom study, the noise with IRIS remained lower than that with FBP even with a 42% dose reduction. Conclusion IRIS algorithm can preserve the image quality when radiation dose is significantly reduced by ATCM in brain CT scan. Implementation of IRIS combined with ATCM is recommended for brain CT examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Jafari
- Department of Radiology Technology, School of Paramedicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sohrab Kolivand
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Liu J, Wu J, Chen T, Yang B, Liu X, Xi J, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Li Z. Enhancing X-Ray Sensitization with Multifunctional Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400954. [PMID: 38676336 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In the progression of X-ray-based radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer, the incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) has a transformative impact. This study investigates the potential of NPs, particularly those comprised of high atomic number elements, as radiosensitizers. This aims to optimize localized radiation doses within tumors, thereby maximizing therapeutic efficacy while preserving surrounding tissues. The multifaceted applications of NPs in radiotherapy encompass collaborative interactions with chemotherapeutic, immunotherapeutic, and targeted pharmaceuticals, along with contributions to photodynamic/photothermal therapy, imaging enhancement, and the integration of artificial intelligence technology. Despite promising preclinical outcomes, the paper acknowledges challenges in the clinical translation of these findings. The conclusion maintains an optimistic stance, emphasizing ongoing trials and technological advancements that bolster personalized treatment approaches. The paper advocates for continuous research and clinical validation, envisioning the integration of NPs as a revolutionary paradigm in cancer therapy, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, China
| | - JunYong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, China
| | - Taili Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaodong People's Hospital, Shaoyang, Hunan Province, 422800, China
| | - XiangPing Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shaodong People's Hospital, Shaoyang, Hunan Province, 422800, China
| | - Jing Xi
- Department of Nephrology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First People's Hospital of Changde City), Changde, Hunan Province, 415000, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119276, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Yawen Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, China
| | - ZhiHong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, China
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Heim AVBT, Janice J, Bjørnholt JV, Lunestad BT, Hegstad K, Svanevik CS. Genomic insights into Enterococcus faecium isolates from marine bivalves highlight One Health concerns and healthcare linkages. Microb Genom 2023; 9:001154. [PMID: 38085805 PMCID: PMC10763502 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococci, especially Enterococcus faecium, are one of today's leading causes of multidrug-resistant infections in hospital settings. The marine environment may harbour enterococci, but its role as an evolutionary niche and as a vector for the spread of enterococci is sparsely investigated. Hence, by applying enterococci in bivalves as a sentinel tool, this study aimed to describe the prevalence of enterocooci along the Norwegian coast and in addition the phylogeny of E. faecium in particular. Enterococci in batch samples of marine bivalves, harvested from 86 different locations, were quantitatively examined by a culture-dependent most probable number (MPN) method. Isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS prior to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by broth microdilution. In-detail analyses of a representative selection of E. faecium isolates (n=148) were done by Illumina whole-genome sequencing, and assembled genomes were compared to closed E. faecium genomes in the public databases and to genomes from commensal and clinical isolates from Norway. Diversity among E. faecium within the same batch sample of bivalves was also explored. Enterococci were detected in 287 of the 471 examined bivalve samples, but in low concentrations with a median value of <18 MPN /100 g. From positive samples, 479 isolates of enterococci were identified belonging to ten different species, where E. faecium (n=247), Enterococcus hirae (n=114) and Enterococcus faecalis (n=66) were most frequently found. Resistance towards one or more antimicrobial agents was observed in 197 isolates (41 %), none of the isolates showed acquired resistance to vancomycin or linezolid. Phylogenetic analyses revealed high diversity among the E. faecium isolates and showed that the marine niche is dominated by strains from the non-clinical setting belonging to clade A2 (n=85) and B (E. lactis) (n=60). Only three isolates belonged to the hospital-associated clade A1 (ST80 and ST117). Two of these clustered with one isolate from a hospitalized patient and one from a non-hospitalized person. This study demonstrated a high prevalence, but low concentrations of enterococci in bivalves, and low levels of antimicrobial resistance. E. faecium genomes showed high population diversity and that very few E. faecium isolates in bivalves may have arisen from the human healthcare system. A systematic surveillance of target micro-organisms applying methods examining multiple isolates from the same bivalve sample provides important data to assess the enterococcal phylogeny, antimicrobial resistance and the level of faecal pollution in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessin Janice
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, University Hospital of North Norway (UNN), N-9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jørgen Vildershøj Bjørnholt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. PO box 4950 Nydalen 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo, Norway. PO box 1171 - Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kristin Hegstad
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, University Hospital of North Norway (UNN), N-9038 Tromsø, Norway
- Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, PO box 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Jiménez-Barrios M, González-Bernal J, Cubo E, Gabriel-Galán JM, García-López B, Berardi A, Tofani M, Galeoto G, Matthews MJA, Santamaría-Peláez M, González-Santos J. Functionality and Quality of Life with Parkinson's Disease after Use of a Dynamic Upper Limb Orthosis: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4995. [PMID: 36981905 PMCID: PMC10049252 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, neurodegenerative movement disorder, whose symptoms have a negative impact on quality of life and functionality. Although its main treatment is pharmacological, non-pharmacological aids such as the dynamic elastomeric fabric orthosis (DEFO) merit an evaluation. Our objective is to assess the DEFO in upper limb (UL) functional mobility and in the quality of life of PD patients. A total of 40 patients with PD participated in a randomized controlled crossover study, and were assigned to a control group (CG) and to an experimental group (EG). Both groups used the DEFO for two months, the experimental group the first two months of the study and the control group the last two. Motor variables were measured in the ON and OFF states at the baseline assessment and at two months. Differences from the baseline assessment were observed in some motor items of the Kinesia assessment, such as rest tremor, amplitude, rhythm or alternating movements in the ON and OFF states with and without orthosis. No differences were found in the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) or the PD quality-of-life questionnaire. The DEFO improves some motor aspects of the UL in PD patients but this does not translate to the amelioration of the standard of functional and quality-of-life scales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Esther Cubo
- Neurology Service, Burgos University Hospital, 09006 Burgos, Spain
| | | | | | - Anna Berardi
- Department of Human Neurosciences, University of la Sapienza, 00188 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tofani
- Department of Human Neurosciences, University of la Sapienza, 00188 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Galeoto
- Department of Human Neurosciences, University of la Sapienza, 00188 Rome, Italy
| | - Martin J. A. Matthews
- Faculty of Health, School of Health Professions Peninsula Allied Health Centre, University of Plymouth, Derriford Rd., Plymouth PL6 8BH, UK
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