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Mahdavirad N, Chaji M, Bojarpour M, Dehghanbanadaky M. Comparison of the effect of sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, and zeolite as rumen buffers on apparent digestibility, growth performance, and rumen fermentation parameters of Arabi lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:465. [PMID: 34546468 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The current research was conducted to compare the effect of various buffers or alkalizers in Arabi lambs and find new and less expensive buffering resources. Forty-five Arabi lambs with an average weight of 29.37 ± 3.63 kg were used in a completely randomized design with five treatments and nine replicates. Treatments included 1 - control diet (no buffer); 2 - base diet + 0.75% sodium sesquicarbonate, 0.75% sodium bicarbonate; 3 - base diet + 2% zeolite; 4 - base diet + 1.5% sodium bicarbonate; and 5 - base diet + 1.5% sodium sesquicarbonate. Results showed that rumen pH increased and ammonia nitrogen concentration decreased in diets containing buffer in comparison to control diet (P < 0.05). Rumen concentration of acetate and acetate to propionate ratio showed reduction in experimental diets compared to control (P < 0.05). The concentration of propionate in control diet increased significantly compared to diets receiving buffer (P < 0.05). Using 1.5% sodium bicarbonate in the diet causes a significant increase in rumen protozoa population compared to the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in dry matter intake and growth performance of lambs. Generally, the effects of using 2% of zeolite were competitive with the effects of other buffers, and caused an increase in the rumen pH and concentration of the acetate. Therefore, the use of buffer in fattening lambs ration fed moderate concentrate diets is beneficial, and it is possible to use low-cost zeolite buffer in the ration of livestock as an alternative to sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Mahdavirad
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, 6341773637, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Morteza Chaji
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, 6341773637, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Bojarpour
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, 6341773637, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dehghanbanadaky
- Department of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Effect of wheat hay particle size and replacement of wheat hay with wheat silage on rumen pH, rumination and digestibility in ruminally cannulated non-lactating cows. Animal 2016; 11:426-435. [PMID: 27609699 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731116001865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects on intake, diurnal rumen pH changes, rumination and digestibility of feeding ruminally cannulated non-lactating cows in a Latin square design (four cows×four periods) with four total mixed rations (TMRs) typical for lactating cows. TMRs were based on: long wheat hay or short wheat hay, wheat silage or wheat silage+1.5% NaHCO3 buffer, as the sole roughage source (30% of TMR dry matter (DM)). The level of physically effective NDF remaining above the 8 mm screen (peNDF) was similar in the long hay and silage-based TMRs (9.45% to 9.64% of DM) and lower in the short hay TMR (7.47% of DM). The four TMRs were offered individually at 95% of ad libitum intake to avoid orts within 24 h. Cows fed long hay consumed less DM than the short hay and silage groups (9.6 v. 10.5 and 10.8 kg/day, respectively) and sorted against large hay particles at 12 h post-feeding. Under the limitations of this study (non-lactating cows fed at restricted intake) short hay TMR prevented sorting within 12 h post-feeding, encouraged rumination per kg peNDF ingested, and had higher average rumen pH (6.24), whereas preventing sub acute ruminal acidosis (SARA, defined as pH<5.8 for at least 5 h/day). In contrast, the long hay and silage-based groups were under SARA. In vitro methane production of rumen fluid was higher in the hay-fed cows than in their silage-fed counterparts, and in all treatments lower at 1 h pre-feeding than at 6 h post-feeding. In vivo DM and NDF digestibility were similar for the short hay and silage TMRs, and higher than those of the long hay TMR. Under the conditions of this study, addition of 1.5% buffer to the wheat silage TMR had no effect on intake, rumen pH, creation of SARA and digestibility.
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Wang M, Wang R, Janssen PH, Zhang XM, Sun XZ, Pacheco D, Tan ZL. Sampling procedure for the measurement of dissolved hydrogen and volatile fatty acids in the rumen of dairy cows1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1159-69. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Wang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - R. Wang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - P. H. Janssen
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - X. M. Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - X. Z. Sun
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - D. Pacheco
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Z. L. Tan
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
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Qiao J, Tan Z, Guan L, Tang S, Zhou C, Han X, Wang M, Kang J, He Z. Effects of hydrogen in headspace and bicarbonate in media on rumen fermentation, methane production and methanogenic population using in vitro gas production techniques. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Cruywagen CW, Taylor S, Beya MM, Calitz T. The effect of buffering dairy cow diets with limestone, calcareous marine algae, or sodium bicarbonate on ruminal pH profiles, production responses, and rumen fermentation. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:5506-14. [PMID: 26026755 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Six ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were used to evaluate the effect of 2 dietary buffers on rumen pH, milk production, milk composition, and rumen fermentation parameters. A high concentrate total mixed ration [35.2% forage dry matter (DM)], formulated to be potentially acidotic, was used to construct 3 dietary treatments in which calcareous marine algae (calcified remains of the seaweed Lithothamnium calcareum) was compared with limestone (control) and sodium bicarbonate plus limestone. One basal diet was formulated and the treatment diets contained either 0.4% of dietary DM as Acid Buf, a calcified marine algae product (AB treatment), or 0.8% of dietary DM as sodium bicarbonate and 0.37% as limestone (BC treatment), or 0.35% of dietary DM as limestone [control (CON) treatment]. Cows were randomly allocated to treatments according to a double 3×3 Latin square design, with 3 treatments and 3 periods. The total experimental period was 66 d during which each cow received each treatment for a period of 15 d before the data collection period of 7 d. Rumen fluid was collected to determine volatile fatty acids, lactic acid, and ammonia concentrations. Rumen pH was monitored every 10min for 2 consecutive days using a portable data logging system fitted with in-dwelling electrodes. Milk samples were analyzed for solid and mineral contents. The effect of treatment on acidity was clearly visible, especially from the period from midday to midnight when rumen pH dropped below 5.5 for a longer period of time (13 h) in the CON treatment than in the BC (8.7 h) and AB (4 h) treatments. Daily milk, 4% fat-corrected milk, and energy-corrected milk yields differed among treatments, with AB being the highest, followed by BC and CON. Both buffers increased milk fat content. Treatment had no effect on milk protein content, but protein yield was increased in the AB treatment. Total rumen volatile fatty acids and acetate concentrations were higher and propionate was lower in the AB treatment than in CON. The molar proportion of acetate was higher in AB than in CON, but that of propionate was lower in both buffer treatments than in CON. The acetate:propionate ratio was increased in the AB and BC treatments compared with CON. Lactic acid concentration was higher in the CON treatment than in the buffer treatments. Treatment had no effect on rumen ammonia concentrations. Results indicated that buffer inclusion in high concentrate diets for lactating dairy cows had a positive effect on milk production and milk composition. Calcareous marine algae, at a level of 90 g/cow per day, had a greater effect on rumen pH, milk production and milk composition, and efficiency of feed conversion into milk than sodium bicarbonate at a level of 180 g/cow per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Cruywagen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
| | - S Taylor
- Celtic Sea Minerals, Cork, Ireland
| | - M M Beya
- Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - T Calitz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
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Nikkhah A. Timing of feeding: a postmodern management strategy to modulate chronophysiological rhythms in rumen fermentation kinetics. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2013.870756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Nikkhah A, Amiri F, Amanloo H. Ground wheat grain for midlactation cows: challenging a common wisdom. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:247941. [PMID: 22666094 PMCID: PMC3361155 DOI: 10.1100/2012/247941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of ground wheat grain (GW) inclusion rate, grinding extent (GE), and their interaction on lactating cow performance. Eight midlactation cows in 3 × 4 m individual boxes were used in a 4 × 4 replicated Latin square design study with 4 21 d periods. GW was fed at either 10% or 20% of diet dry matter (DM), as either finer or coarser particles. DM intake increased and net energy for lactation (NE(L)) intake tended to increase when GW was fed at 10% instead of 20% of diet DM. Milk energy yield, milk solids content and yield, and urine pH were unaffected. Fecal pH tended to increase at 20% versus 10% GW. Total tract apparent NDF, but not DM, digestibility tended to be greater for coarsely than finely GW and tended to be greater at 10% versus 20% GW. GW at 10% versus 20% of diet DM decreased blood BHBA and increased blood concentrations of total proteins and albumin. Data provide novel evidence that both finely and coarsely ground WG can be safely fed up to 20% midlactation cows. Commercial accessibility and cost will determine feeding preference of wheat grain to dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nikkhah
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 313-45195, Iran.
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