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Gómez-Guzmán JA, Parra-Bracamonte GM, Velazquez MA. Impact of Heat Stress on Oocyte Developmental Competence and Pre-Implantation Embryo Viability in Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2280. [PMID: 39123806 PMCID: PMC11311040 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Rectal and vaginal temperatures are utilised in both in vivo and in vitro models to study the effects of heat stress on oocyte competence and embryo viability in cattle. However, uterine temperature increases by only 0.5 °C in heat-stressed cows, significantly lower than simulated increases in in vitro models. Temperature variations within oviducts and ovarian follicles during heat stress are poorly understood or unavailable, and evidence is lacking that oocytes and pre-implantation embryos experience mild (40 °C) or severe (41 °C) heat stress inside the ovarian follicle and the oviduct and uterus, respectively. Gathering detailed temperature data from the reproductive tract and follicles is crucial to accurately assess oocyte competence and embryo viability under realistic heat stress conditions. Potential harm from heat stress on oocytes and embryos may result from reduced nutrient availability (e.g., diminished blood flow to the reproductive tract) or other unidentified mechanisms affecting tissue function rather than direct thermal effects. Refining in vivo stress models in cattle is essential to accurately identify animals truly experiencing heat stress, rather than assuming heat stress exposure as done in most studies. This will improve model reliability and aid in the selection of heat-tolerant animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Gómez-Guzmán
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (J.A.G.-G.); (G.M.P.-B.)
| | - Gaspar M. Parra-Bracamonte
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (J.A.G.-G.); (G.M.P.-B.)
| | - Miguel A. Velazquez
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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Ren M, Zhang C, Di J, Chen H, Huang A, Ji JS, Liang W, Huang C. Exploration of the preterm birth risk-related heat event thresholds for pregnant women: a population-based cohort study in China. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2023; 37:100785. [PMID: 37693883 PMCID: PMC10485674 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Heat events increase the risk of preterm birth (PTB), and identifying the risk-related event thresholds contributes to developing early warning system for pregnant women and guiding their public health response. However, the event thresholds that cause the risk remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the effects of heat events defined with different intensities and durations on PTB throughout pregnancy, and to determine thresholds for the high-risk heat events. Methods Using a population-based birth cohort data, we included 210,798 singleton live births in eight provinces in China during 2014-2018. Daily meteorological variables and inverse distance weighted methods were used to estimate exposures at a resolution of 1 km × 1 km. A series of cut off temperature intensities (50th-97.5th percentiles, or 18 °C-35 °C) and durations (at least 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 consecutive days) were used to define the heat events. Cox regression models were used to estimate the effects of heat events on PTB in various gestational weeks during the entire pregnancy, and event thresholds were determined by calculating population attributable fractions. Findings The hazard ratios of heat event exposure on PTB ranged from 1.07 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.13) to 1.43 (1.15, 1.77). Adverse effects of heat event exposure were prominently detected in gestational week 1-4, week 21-32 and the four weeks before delivery. The heat event thresholds were determined to be daily maximum temperature at the 90th percentile of the distribution or 30 °C lasting for at least one day. If pregnant women were able to avoid the heat exposures from the early warning systems triggered by these thresholds, approximately 15% or 17% of the number of total PTB cases could have been avoided. Interpretation Exposure to heat event can increase the risk of PTB when thermal event exceeds a specific intensity and duration threshold, particularly in the first four gestational weeks, and between week 21 and the last four weeks. This study provides compelling evidence for the development of heat-health early warning systems for pregnant women that could substantially mitigate the risk of PTB. Funding National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFA0606200), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42175183), Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen (No. SZSM202111001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ren
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunying Zhang
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangli Di
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqi Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiqun Huang
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - John S. Ji
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wannian Liang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Crasta DN, Nair R, Kumari S, Dutta R, Adiga SK, Zhao Y, Kannan N, Kalthur G. Haploid Parthenogenetic Embryos Exhibit Unique Stress Response to pH, Osmotic and Oxidative Stress. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:2137-2151. [PMID: 36690917 PMCID: PMC10310621 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Preimplantation-stage embryos are susceptible to various types of stress when cultured in vitro. Parthenogenetic embryos that lack spermatozoa contribution exhibit aberrant developmental dynamics due to their uniparental origin. Herein, we assessed whether the absence of paternal genome affects the susceptibility of the embryos to pH, osmotic and oxidative stress. Haploid parthenogenetic embryos (HPE) (activated oocytes with 1 pronucleus and 2 polar bodies) were generated by incubating cumulus oocyte complexes of Swiss albino mice with 10 mM strontium chloride for 3 h. Normally fertilized embryos (NFE) (fertilized oocytes with 2 pronuclei and 2 polar bodies) were derived using in vitro fertilization. At 2-cell stage, both HPE and NFE were exposed to various stressors including pH (6.8 to 8.2), osmotic (isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic), and peroxidatic oxidative (H2O2, 25 µM) stress. Endoplasmic reticulum stress response, mitochondrial membrane potential, and the rate of blastocyst development were assessed. HPE were susceptible to alteration in the pH that was well tolerated by NFE. Similarly, HPE displayed remarkable difference in sensitivity to hypertonic stress and oxidative stress compared to NFE. The results clearly indicate that the oocytes that develop into embryos in the absence of paternal contribution are more vulnerable to environmental stressors, further highlighting the importance of spermatozoa contribution and/or the ploidy status in mitigating these stressors and towards healthy early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Norma Crasta
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Ramya Nair
- Manipal Center for Biotherapeutic Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Sandhya Kumari
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Rahul Dutta
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Satish Kumar Adiga
- Division of Clinical Embryology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Yulian Zhao
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Clinical Core Laboratory Services, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nagarajan Kannan
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
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Dovolou E, Giannoulis T, Nanas I, Amiridis GS. Heat Stress: A Serious Disruptor of the Reproductive Physiology of Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1846. [PMID: 37889768 PMCID: PMC10252019 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Global warming is a significant threat to the sustainability and profitability of the dairy sector, not only in tropical or subtropical regions but also in temperate zones where extreme summer temperatures have become a new and challenging reality. Prolonged exposure of dairy cows to high temperatures compromises animal welfare, increases morbidity, and suppresses fertility, resulting in devastating economic losses for farmers. To counteract the deleterious effects of heat stress, cattl e employ various adaptive thermoregulatory mechanisms including molecular, endocrine, physiological, and behavioral responses. These adaptations involve the immediate secretion of heat shock proteins and cortisol, followed by a complex network of disrupted secretion of metabolic and reproductive hormones such as prolactin, ghrelin, ovarian steroid, and pituitary gonadotrophins. While the strategic heat stress mitigation measures can restore milk production through modifications of the microclimate and nutritional interventions, the summer fertility records remain at low levels compared to those of the thermoneutral periods of the year. This is because sustainment of high fertility is a multifaceted process that requires appropriate energy balance, undisrupted mode of various hormones secretion to sustain the maturation and fertilizing competence of the oocyte, the normal development of the early embryo and unhampered maternal-embryo crosstalk. In this review, we summarize the major molecular and endocrine responses to elevated temperatures in dairy cows, as well as the impacts on maturing oocytes and early embryos, and discuss the consequences that heat stress brings about in dairy cattle fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Dovolou
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41223 Larissa, Greece;
- Department of Obstetrics & Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece;
| | - Themistoklis Giannoulis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41223 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Nanas
- Department of Obstetrics & Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece;
| | - Georgios S. Amiridis
- Department of Obstetrics & Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece;
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Sosa F, Hansen PJ. Colony stimulating factor 2 protects the preimplantation bovine embryo from heat shock. ZYGOTE 2023; 31:51-54. [PMID: 36278319 PMCID: PMC10565675 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199422000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress can have severe deleterious effects on embryo development and survival. The present study evaluated whether CSF2 can protect the developmental competence of the bovine embryo following exposure to a heat shock of 41°C at the zygote and morula stages. In the first experiment, putative zygotes and 2-cell embryos were assigned to receive either 10 ng/ml CSF2 or vehicle, and then cultured for 15 h at either 38.5°C or 41°C and then at 38.5°C until day 7.5. Heat shock reduced blastocyst development for embryos treated with vehicle but not for embryos cultured with CSF2. In the second experiment, day 5 embryos (morula) were treated with CSF2 or vehicle and then cultured for 15 h at either 38.5°C or 41°C and then at 38.5°C until day 7.5. Temperature treatment did not affect development to the blastocyst stage and there was no effect of CSF2 treatment or the interaction. Results indicate that CSF2 can reduce the deleterious effects of heat shock at the zygote or two-cell stage when the embryo is transcriptionally inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Froylan Sosa
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611-0910, USA
| | - Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611-0910, USA
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Effects of short-term in vitro heat stress on bovine preantral follicles. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Stamperna K, Giannoulis T, Cañon-Beltrán K, Dovolou E, Kalemkeridou M, Nanas I, Rizos D, Moutou KA, Mamuris Z, Amiridis GS. Oviductal epithelial cells transcriptome and extracellular vesicles characterization during thermoneutral and heat stress conditions in dairy cows. Theriogenology 2022; 187:152-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yu K, Pfeiffer C, Burden C, Krekeler N, Marth C. High ambient temperature and humidity associated with early embryonic loss after embryo transfer in mares. Theriogenology 2022; 188:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Ratchamak R, Thananurak P, Boonkum W, Semaming Y, Chankitisakul V. The Melatonin Treatment Improves the Ovarian Responses After Superstimulation in Thai-Holstein Crossbreeds Under Heat Stress Conditions. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:888039. [PMID: 35573411 PMCID: PMC9096612 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.888039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of heat stress with melatonin treatment on the superovulatory responses and embryo characteristics in Thai-Holstein crossbreeds under heat stress conditions was examined. Six non-lactating cows (replication = 4; n = 24) were assigned to one of 2 treatments in double cross-over design. All cows were superstimulated with traditional treatment. Melatonin group (n = 12): cows received intramuscularly injection 18 mg/50 kg. simultaneously with GnRH injection, while those in the control group (n = 12) received none. Bloods samples were taken to determine lipid peroxidation (MDA) and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase; SOD). The experiment was conducted from April to September, which determined severe heat stress (the mean temperature-humidity index above 77). The results revealed that numbers of large follicles and corpora lutea were higher in the melatonin group than in the control group (p < 0.01). Numbers of recovered ova/embryos, fertilized ova, and transferable embryos were higher in the melatonin group (p < 0.01); meanwhile, more degenerated embryos were found in the control group (p < 0.01). Increased activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD after melatonin administration decreased MDA levels (p < 0.05). In summary, melatonin administration benefited the ovarian response and embryo quality in superstimulated Thai-Holstein crossbreed affected by heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruthaiporn Ratchamak
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pachara Thananurak
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wuttigrai Boonkum
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Yoswaris Semaming
- Program in Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Technology, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani, Thailand
| | - Vibuntita Chankitisakul
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Vibuntita Chankitisakul
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10
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Li H, Cong X, Sui J, Jiang Z, Fu K, Huan Y, Cao R, Tian W, Feng Y. Baicalin enhances the thermotolerance of mouse blastocysts by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. Theriogenology 2022; 178:85-94. [PMID: 34808561 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress causes oxidative damage and induces excessive cell apoptosis and thus affects the development and/or even causes the death of preimplantation embryos. The effects of baicalin on the developmental competence of heat-stressed mouse embryos were investigated in this experiment. Two-cell embryos were cultured in the presence of baicalin and subjected to heat stress (42 °C for 1 h) at their blastocyst stage followed by continuous culture at 37 °C until examination. The results showed that heat stress (H group) increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis and even embryo death, along with reductions in both mitochondrial activity and membrane potential (ΔΨm). Both heat stress (H group) and inhibition of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway (U group) led to significantly reduced expression levels of the genes c-fos, AP-1 and ERK2, and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and c-Fos, along with significantly increased c-Jun mRNA expression and phosphorylation levels. These negative effects of heat stress on the ERK1/2 signaling pathway were neutralized by baicalin treatment. To explore the signal transduction mechanism of baicalin in improving embryonic tolerance to heat stress, mitochondrial quality and apoptosis rate in the mouse blastocysts were also examined. Baicalin was found to up-regulate the expression of mtDNA and TFAM mRNA, increased mitochondria activity and ΔΨm, and improved the cellular mitochondria quality of mouse blastocysts undergoing heat stress. Moreover, baicalin decreased Bax transcript abundance in blastocyst, along with an increase in the blastocyst hatching rate, which were negatively affected by heat stress. Our findings suggest that baicalin improves the developmental capacity and quality of heat-stressed mouse embryos via a mechanism whereby mitochondrial quality is improved by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and inducing anti-cellular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huatao Li
- Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Cong
- Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxia Sui
- Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongling Jiang
- Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiqiang Fu
- Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Huan
- Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongfeng Cao
- Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenru Tian
- Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanni Feng
- Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Toledo I, Dahl G, De Vries A. Dairy cattle management and housing for warm environments. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Stamperna K, Giannoulis T, Dovolou E, Kalemkeridou M, Nanas I, Dadouli K, Moutou K, Mamuris Z, Amiridis GS. The Effects of Heat Shock Protein 70 Addition in the Culture Medium on the Development and Quality of In Vitro Produced Heat Shocked Bovine Embryos. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3347. [PMID: 34944122 PMCID: PMC8698181 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to examine the effects of HSP70 addition in the in vitro culture medium of day 3 embryos on their developmental competence and quality. Bovine oocytes (n = 1442) were in vitro matured, inseminated and cultured for the first two days according to standardized methods. The presumptive zygotes were randomly allocated in three experimental groups: Control, C (embryos cultured at 39 °C throughout the culture period), group C41 (temperature was raised to 41 °C from the 48th to 72nd h post insemination (p.i.) and then it returned at 39 °C for the remaining culture period), and group H41 (the temperature modification was the same as in C41 and during heat exposure, HSP70 was added in the culture medium). Cleavage and embryo yield were assessed 48 h p.i. and on days 7, 8, 9, respectively and gene expression in day 7 blastocysts was assessed by RT-PCR. Blastocyst yield was the highest in group C39; and higher in group H41 compared to group C41. From the gene expression analyses, altered expression of 11 genes was detected among groups. The analysis of the orchestrated patterns of gene expression differed between groups. The results of this study confirm the devastating effects of heat stress on embryo development and provide evidence that HSP70 addition at the critical stages can partly counterbalance, without neutralizing, the negative effects of the heat insult on embryos, acting mainly through mechanisms related to energy deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Stamperna
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (K.S.); (E.D.); (I.N.); (K.D.)
| | | | - Eleni Dovolou
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (K.S.); (E.D.); (I.N.); (K.D.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Thessaly, 413 36 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Maria Kalemkeridou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 413 36 Larissa, Greece; (M.K.); (K.M.); (Z.M.)
| | - Ioannis Nanas
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (K.S.); (E.D.); (I.N.); (K.D.)
| | - Katerina Dadouli
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (K.S.); (E.D.); (I.N.); (K.D.)
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 413 36 Larissa, Greece
| | - Katerina Moutou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 413 36 Larissa, Greece; (M.K.); (K.M.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zissis Mamuris
- Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 413 36 Larissa, Greece; (M.K.); (K.M.); (Z.M.)
| | - Georgios S. Amiridis
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (K.S.); (E.D.); (I.N.); (K.D.)
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Ratchamak R, Ratsiri T, Chumchai R, Boonkum W, Chankitisakul V. Relationship of the Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) with Ovarian Responses and Embryo Production in Superovulated Thai-Holstein Crossbreds under Tropical Climate Conditions. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8110270. [PMID: 34822643 PMCID: PMC8623316 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8110270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress strongly negatively affects reproductive traits in dairy cattle. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of heat stress in superstimulated Thai-Holstein crossbreds under tropical climate conditions. Data included 75 records from 12 superovulated Thai-Holstein crossbreds between 2018 and 2020. Cows were superstimulated with conventional treatment. The mean temperature-humidity index (THI) was evaluated for three data collection periods: during the 9, 21 and 42-day periods before the insemination day to determine the period in which THI mostly affected superstimulation responses. The THI levels/thresholds were determined and interpreted together with the superovulatory response. A significantly negative correlation was obtained for the THI during the period 9 days before insemination. Negative effects on the number of large follicles and corpora lutea began at a THI of 72 and were apparently severe after a THI of 77, similar to the ovulation rate, fertilized ova and transferable embryos (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, more degenerated embryos were found with THI values (p < 0.05). The superovulatory response in Thai-Holstein crossbreds under tropical climate conditions is highly affected by heat stress starting at a THI of 72 and becomes more severe at a THI higher than 77.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruthaiporn Ratchamak
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (R.R.); (T.R.); (R.C.); (W.B.)
| | - Thanaporn Ratsiri
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (R.R.); (T.R.); (R.C.); (W.B.)
| | - Rujira Chumchai
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (R.R.); (T.R.); (R.C.); (W.B.)
| | - Wuttigrai Boonkum
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (R.R.); (T.R.); (R.C.); (W.B.)
- Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Vibuntita Chankitisakul
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (R.R.); (T.R.); (R.C.); (W.B.)
- Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-86-6585988
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14
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Ferreira-Silva JC, Oliveira Silva RL, Travassos Vieira JI, Silva JB, Tavares LS, Cavalcante Silva FA, Nunes Pena EP, Chaves MS, Moura MT, Junior TC, Benko-Iseppon AM, Figueirêdo Freitas VJ, Lemos Oliveira MA. Evaluation of quality and gene expression of goat embryos produced in vivo and in vitro after cryopreservation. Cryobiology 2021; 101:115-124. [PMID: 33964298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to identify morphological and molecular changes of in vivo and in vitro-produced goat embryos submitted to cryopreservation. In vivo embryos were recovered by transcervical technique from superovulated goats, whereas in vitro produced embryos were produced from ovaries collected at a slaughterhouse. Embryos were frozen by two-steps slow freezing method, which is defined as freezing to -32 °C followed by transfer to liquid nitrogen. Morphological evaluation of embryos was carried out by assessing blastocoel re-expansion rate and the total number of blastomeres. The expression profile of candidate genes related to thermal and oxidative stress, apoptosis, epigenetic, and implantation control was measured using RT-qPCR based SYBR Green system. In silico analyses were performed to identify conserved genes in goat species and protein-protein interaction networks were created. In vivo-produced embryos showed greater blastocoel re-expansion and more blastomere cells (P < 0.05). The expression level of CTP2 and HSP90 genes from in vitro cryopreserved embryos was higher than their in vivo counterparts. Unlikely, no significant difference was observed in the transcription level of SOD gene between groups. The high similarity of CPT2 and HSP90 proteins to their orthologs among mammals indicates that they share conserved functions. In summary, cryopreservation negatively affects the morphology and viability of goat embryos produced in vitro and changes the CPT2 and HSP90 gene expression likely in response to the in vitro production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Ferreira-Silva
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechniques, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Lane Oliveira Silva
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Joane Isis Travassos Vieira
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechniques, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Barboza Silva
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Lethicia Souza Tavares
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | - Elton Pedro Nunes Pena
- Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Maiana Silva Chaves
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechniques, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Brazil. maiana-@hotmail.com
| | - Marcelo Tigre Moura
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechniques, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Tercilio Calsa Junior
- Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | - Marcos Antonio Lemos Oliveira
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechniques, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
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15
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Physical parameters of bovine activated oocytes and zygotes as predictors of development success. ZYGOTE 2021; 29:358-364. [PMID: 33736736 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199421000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide production of in vitro-produced embryos in livestock species continues to grow. The current gold standard for selecting quality oocytes and embryos is morphologic assessment, yet this method is subjective and varies based on experience. There is a need for a non-invasive, objective method of selecting viable oocytes and embryos. The aim of this study was to determine if ooplasm area, diameter including zona pellucida (ZP), and ZP thickness of artificially activated oocytes and in vitro fertilized (IVF) zygotes are indicative of development success in vitro and correlated with embryo quality, as assessed by total blastomere number. Diameter affected the probability of development to the blastocyst stage in activated oocytes on day 7 (P < 0.01) and day 8 (P < 0.001), and had a tendency to affect IVF zygotes on day 8 (P = 0.08). Zona pellucida thickness affected the probability of development on day 7 (P < 0.01) and day 8 (P < 0.001) in activated oocytes, and day 8 for IVF zygotes (P < 0.05). An interaction between ZP thickness and diameter was observed on days 7 and 8 (P < 0.05) in IVF zygotes. Area did not significantly affect the probability of development, but was positively correlated with blastomere number on day 8 for IVF zygotes (P = 0.01, conditional R2 = 0.09). Physical parameters of bovine zygotes have the potential for use as a non-invasive, objective selection method. Upon further development, methods used in this study could be integrated into embryo production systems to improve IVF success.
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16
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Naranjo-Gómez JS, Uribe-García HF, Herrera-Sánchez MP, Lozano-Villegas KJ, Rodríguez-Hernández R, Rondón-Barragán IS. Heat stress on cattle embryo: gene regulation and adaptation. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06570. [PMID: 33869831 PMCID: PMC8035499 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming has been affecting animal husbandry and farming production worldwide via changes in organisms and their habitats. In the tropics, these conditions are adverse for agriculture and animal production in some areas, due to high temperatures and relative humidity, affecting competitiveness related to economic activities. These environments have deteriorated livestock production, due to periods of drought, reduction in forage quality and heat stress, eliciting negative effects on reproduction, weight gain, and reduced meat and milk production. However, the use of animals adapted to tropics such as breeds derived from subspecies Bos primigenius indicus and native breeds from tropical countries or their crossings, is an alternative to improve production under high-temperature conditions. Therefore, physiological adaptation including gene expression induced by heat stress have been studied to understand the response of animals and to improve cross-breeding between cattle breeds to maintain high productivity in adverse weather conditions. Heat stress has been associated with lower reproductive performance in cows, due to the impact on blastocyst production, decreased implantation and increased embryonic death. Thus, for decades, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer techniques have focused on studying the optimal conditions for production of high-quality embryos to transfer. The aim of this review is to discuss the effects of heat stress in bovine embryos, and their physiological and genetic modulation, focusing on the genes that are related with major adaptability to heat stress conditions and their relationship with different embryonic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sebastian Naranjo-Gómez
- Research Group in Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Altos of Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Heinner Fabián Uribe-García
- Research Group in Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Altos of Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - María Paula Herrera-Sánchez
- Research Group in Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Altos of Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Kelly Johanna Lozano-Villegas
- Research Group in Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Altos of Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Roy Rodríguez-Hernández
- Poultry Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Altos of Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Iang Schroniltgen Rondón-Barragán
- Research Group in Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Altos of Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibagué, Colombia
- Poultry Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Altos of Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibagué, Colombia
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17
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Oliveira CS, Marques SCS, Guedes PHE, Feuchard VL, Camargo AJR, de Freitas C, Camargo LSA. Thermal-treatment protocol to induce thermotolerance in bovine embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:497-501. [PMID: 33926614 DOI: 10.1071/rd20309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial reproduction in dairy cattle is challenged by summer temperatures in tropical environments. We describe a treatment based on mild temperature increases to induce thermotolerance and improve the embryo's performance under heat stress conditions. A protocol was established to induce upregulation of heat shock protein A (HSPA, formerly known as HSP70) but not impair embryonic development. Thermal treatment (TT) had no effect on morula/blastocyst rate or blastocyst quality (cell number and apoptosis). Heat shock given one day after TT revealed higher (P=0.00) survival rates in TT blastocysts compared with Control. Treated embryos were transferred to recipients and no detrimental effects were observed regarding pregnancy rates, length, fetal growth or calf weight. Our results demonstrated that the established TT protocol could induce a thermal response by the embryo and is safe for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara S Oliveira
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Fazenda Santa Monica Road, Barao de Juparana, Valença, RJ, Brazil; and Corresponding author.
| | - Sheila C S Marques
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Fazenda Santa Monica Road, Barao de Juparana, Valença, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro H E Guedes
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Fazenda Santa Monica Road, Barao de Juparana, Valença, RJ, Brazil
| | - Viviane L Feuchard
- Animal Biology Laboratory, Agriculture Research Company of the Rio de Janeiro State (PESAGRO RIO), Sao Boa Ventura Avenue, 770, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Agostinho J R Camargo
- Animal Biology Laboratory, Agriculture Research Company of the Rio de Janeiro State (PESAGRO RIO), Sao Boa Ventura Avenue, 770, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Celio de Freitas
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Fazenda Santa Monica Road, Barao de Juparana, Valença, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz S A Camargo
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Fazenda Santa Monica Road, Barao de Juparana, Valença, RJ, Brazil
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18
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Baruselli PS, Ferreira RM, Vieira LM, Souza AH, Bó GA, Rodrigues CA. Use of embryo transfer to alleviate infertility caused by heat stress. Theriogenology 2020; 155:1-11. [PMID: 32562738 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) has a pronounced deleterious effect on fertility in dairy herds throughout the world, especially in hot and humid summer months in tropical and subtropical areas. Summer HS reduces feed intake and increases negative energy balance, induces changes in ovarian follicular dynamics, reduces estrus detection rates and alters oviductal function leading to fertilization failure and early embryonic death. Furthermore, oocytes harvested from lactating cows during summer HS have a decreased ability to develop to the blastocyst stage after in vitro fertilization when compared with oocytes harvested during winter. The present manuscript describes the detrimental effect of HS on reproduction, with emphasis on preovulatory oocytes and carry over effects of HS on embryo development and P/AI. Embryo transfer (ET) has been an effective tool to reestablish fertility during HS because it bypasses the damage to the oocyte and early embryo caused by hyperthermia. Therefore, a management strategy to maintain increased fertility throughout the year would be to produce embryos during the cooler months, when oocyte quality is greater, and use them to produce pregnancies during the periods of HS, when oocyte quality is compromised. However, this strategy only can be implemented using cryopreserved embryos, what is still limiting. During the warmer months, the use of heifers or non-lactating cows as oocyte or embryo donors may facilitate embryo production, mainly because of the lesser deleterious effects of HS comparing to lactating cows. Also, genetic selection of donors for thermoregulation ability is one potential strategy to mitigate effects of HS and increase embryo production during the warmer months. These alternatives enable the transference of fresh embryos with more efficiency during HS periods. Additionally, the application of timed ET protocols, which avoid the need for estrus detection in recipients, has facilitated management and improved the efficiency of ET programs during HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro S Baruselli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Roberta M Ferreira
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laís M Vieira
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H Souza
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel A Bó
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC) and Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Rodrigues
- SAMVET Embriões, Rua Getúlio Vargas 300, CEP 13560-000, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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19
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Loren P, Sánchez-Villalba E, Risopatrón J, Arias ME, Felmer R, Sánchez R. Induction of oxidative stress does not increase the cryotolerance of vitrified embryos. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 219:106511. [PMID: 32828397 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Short-term treatment of mammalian oocytes with different stressors induces stress tolerance of embryos derived from these oocytes. The aims of this study were to evaluate effects on embryo development when there was treatment of oocyte complexes (COCs) used to derive the embryos with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).The COCs were not incubated with H2O2: control (0 μM), or were incubated with 25, 50, 75, or 100 μM concentrations of H2O2 for 1 h prior to in vitro fertilization, and presumptive zygotes were cultured until day 7. Blastocysts at day 7 of development derived from H2O2-treated (25 μM treatment concentration) COCs were vitrified. Percentage of embryos undergoing cleavage was not affected by any treatment, while percentage of embryos developing to the blastocyst stage was less when there was treatment of COCs with 100 μM of H2O2. Embryo quality was less when COCs used to derive blastocysts were treated with 50, 75, or 100 μM concentrations of H2O2. There were lesser relative abundances of some mRNA transcripts of interest in blastocysts when there was treatment of COCs with H2O2. After vitrification, there were no differences in embryo re-expansion and hatching rates compared with fresh and vitrified blastocysts of the control group and those derived from COCs treated with 25 μM H2O2. In conclusion, treatment of COCs used to derive blastocysts with H2O2 does not induce stress tolerance in vitrified embryos of cattle; however, the viability of these blastocysts is similar to those of the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Loren
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - E Sánchez-Villalba
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - J Risopatrón
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - M E Arias
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - R Felmer
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - R Sánchez
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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20
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Hansen PJ. Prospects for gene introgression or gene editing as a strategy for reduction of the impact of heat stress on production and reproduction in cattle. Theriogenology 2020; 154:190-202. [PMID: 32622199 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In cattle, genetic variation exists in regulation of body temperature and stabilization of cellular function during heat stress. There are opportunities to reduce the impact of heat stress on cattle production by identifying the causative mutations responsible for genetic variation in thermotolerance and transferring specific alleles that confer thermotolerance to breeds not adapted to hot climates. An example of a mutation conferring superior ability to regulate body temperature is the group of frame-sift mutations in the prolactin receptor gene (PRLR) that lead to a truncated receptor and development of cattle with a short, sleek hair coat. Slick mutations in PRLR have been found in several extant breeds derived from criollo cattle. The slick mutation in Senepol cattle has been introgressed into dairy cattle in Puerto Rico, Florida and New Zealand. An example of a mutation that confers cellular protection against elevated body temperature is a deletion mutation in the promoter region of a heat shock protein 70 gene called HSPA1L. Inheritance of the mutation results in amplification of the transcriptional response of HSPA1L to heat shock and increased cell survival. The case of PRLR provides a promising example of the efficacy of the genetic approach outlined in this paper. Identification of other mutations conferring thermotolerance at the whole-animal or cellular level will lead to additional opportunities for using genetic solutions to reduce the impact of heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0910, USA.
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21
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Hu M, Lou Y, Liu S, Mao Y, Le F, Wang L, Li L, Wang Q, Li H, Lou H, Wang N, Jin F. Altered expression of DNA damage repair genes in the brain tissue of mice conceived by in vitro fertilization. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 26:141-153. [PMID: 32003796 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study revealed a higher incidence of gene dynamic mutation in newborns conceived by IVF, highlighting that IVF may be disruptive to the DNA stability of IVF offspring. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The DNA damage repair system plays an essential role in gene dynamic mutation and neurodegenerative disease. To evaluate the long-term impact of IVF on DNA damage repair genes, we established an IVF mouse model and analyzed gene and protein expression levels of MSH2, MSH3, MSH6, MLH1, PMS2, OGG1, APEX1, XPA and RPA1 and also the amount of H2AX phosphorylation of serine 139 which is highly suggestive of DNA double-strand break (γH2AX expression level) in the brain tissue of IVF conceived mice and their DNA methylation status using quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting and pyrosequencing. Furthermore, we assessed the capacity of two specific non-physiological factors in IVF procedures during preimplantation development. The results demonstrated that the expression and methylation levels of some DNA damage repair genes in the brain tissue of IVF mice were significantly changed at 3 weeks, 10 weeks and 1.5 years of age, when compared with the in vivo control group. In support of mouse model findings, oxygen concentration of in vitro culture environment was shown to have the capacity to modulate gene expression and DNA methylation levels of some DNA damage repair genes. In summary, our study indicated that IVF could bring about long-term alterations of gene and protein expression and DNA methylation levels of some DNA damage repair genes in the brain tissue and these alterations might be resulted from the different oxygen concentration of culture environment, providing valuable perspectives to improve the safety and efficiency of IVF at early embryonic stage and also throughout different life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhao Hu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yiyun Lou
- Department of Gynaecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Shuyuan Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, Weifang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Yuchan Mao
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Fang Le
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lejun Li
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qijing Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hongping Li
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hangying Lou
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Fan Jin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310006, China
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22
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Sun J, Zhang H, Hu B, Xie Y, Wang D, Zhang J, Chen T, Luo J, Wang S, Jiang Q, Xi Q, Chen Z, Zhang Y. Emerging Roles of Heat-Induced circRNAs Related to Lactogenesis in Lactating Sows. Front Genet 2020; 10:1347. [PMID: 32117411 PMCID: PMC7027193 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress negatively influences milk production and disrupts normal physiological activity of lactating sows, but the precious mechanisms by which hyperthermia adversely affects milk synthesis in sows still remain for further study. Circular RNAs are a novel class of non-coding RNAs with regulatory functions in various physiological and pathological processes. The expression profiles and functions of circRNAs of sows in lactogenesis remain largely unknown. In the present study, long-term heat stress (HS) resulted in a greater concentration of serum HSP70, LDH, and IgG, as well as decreased levels of COR, SOD, and PRL. HS reduced the total solids, fat, and lactose of sow milk, and HS significantly depressed CSNαs1, CSNαs2, and CSNκ biosynthesis. Transcriptome sequencing of lactating porcine mammary glands identified 42 upregulated and 25 downregulated transcripts in HS vs. control. Functional annotation of these differentially-expressed transcripts revealed four heat-induced genes involved in lactation. Moreover, 29 upregulated and 21 downregulated circRNA candidates were found in response to HS. Forty-two positively correlated circRNA-mRNA expression patterns were constructed between the four lactogenic genes and differentially expressed circRNAs. Five circRNA-miRNA-mRNA post-transcriptional networks were identified involving genes in the HS response of lactating sows. In this study we establish a valuable resource for circRNA biology in sow lactation. Analysis of a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network further uncovered a novel layer of post-transcriptional regulation that could be used to improve sow milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Sun
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangdong Engineering & Research Center for Woody Fodder Plants, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangdong Engineering & Research Center for Woody Fodder Plants, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoyu Hu
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangdong Engineering & Research Center for Woody Fodder Plants, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueqin Xie
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangdong Engineering & Research Center for Woody Fodder Plants, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangdong Engineering & Research Center for Woody Fodder Plants, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinzhi Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangdong Engineering & Research Center for Woody Fodder Plants, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangdong Engineering & Research Center for Woody Fodder Plants, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songbo Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangdong Engineering & Research Center for Woody Fodder Plants, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinyan Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangdong Engineering & Research Center for Woody Fodder Plants, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangdong Engineering & Research Center for Woody Fodder Plants, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zujing Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangdong Engineering & Research Center for Woody Fodder Plants, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangdong Engineering & Research Center for Woody Fodder Plants, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Heat stress impairs in vitro development of preantral follicles of cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 213:106277. [PMID: 31987328 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although detrimental effects of heat stress on antral follicle development have been well studied, long-term effects - affecting the preantral follicle pool - are still largely unknown. The goal of this study was to evaluate effects of heat stress on growth, viability, gene expression and ATP production of preantral follicles of cattle. Follicles at the primary, early secondary and secondary stages were isolated from cattle ovaries and individually cultured while imposing physiological (CON; 38.5 °C) or intermittent heat stress (HS; 38.5 °C for 16 h and 41 °C for 8 h daily) conditions for 7 days. Individual follicles were subjected to real-time qPCR for determination of relative abundance of BAX, HSPA1A and SOD1 mRNA transcripts and evaluated for ATP production. Treatment for 7 days with intermittent HS decreased viability (P = 0.01) and diameter (P = 0.03) of preantral follicles. Relative abundances of BAX and HSPA1A mRNA transcripts were greater in follicles of the CON and HS groups that became non-viable during culture (P < 0.05); relative abundance of SOD1 mRNA transcript, however, was only greater in non-viable follicles of the HS group (P < 0.05), but not non-viable follicles of the CON group (P = 0.3). The ATP production was not different between viable follicles of the CON and HS group (P = 0.86). In conclusion, all stages of growing preantral follicles of cattle were susceptible to negative effects of heat stress. Follicles at the secondary stage of development were most sensitive, followed by early secondary and primary follicles.
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G. RK, Mishra A, Reddy IJ, Dhali A, Roy SC. Low oxygen tension activates glucose metabolism, improves antioxidant capacity and augment developmental potential of ovine embryos in vitro. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an18713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context Oxygen (O2) is one of the most powerful regulators of embryo function. Nevertheless, most in vitro embryo production studies do not consider O2 as a determining factor. Aim The present study was designed to assess the effect of different O2 (5 and 20%) concentrations on the developmental ability and expression of genes related to cellular antioxidant functions and glucose metabolism in the in vitro produced ovine embryos. Methods In vitro sheep embryos were produced at different O2 (5 and 20%) concentrations as per the laboratory protocol. Developmental stages of embryos at different O2 concentrations were compared. Messenger RNA abundance of antioxidant and glucose metabolism genes in embryos produced at different O2 concentrations were compared. Key results No significant (P < 0.05) effect of different O2 concentrations on oocyte maturation and cleavage rate was observed. In contrast, significantly (P < 0.05) more number of morula and blastocysts were observed at 5 compared with 20%O2. The expression level of the genes related to antioxidant functions (GPX, SOD1, SOD2 and CAT) and glucose metabolism (G6PD and HPRT) were found significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the embryos generated with 5 compared with 20% O2. In contrast, the expression of GAPDH did not differ significantly (P < 0.05) between the groups. Conclusions Ovine embryos at 5%O2 generated low ROS and synthesised more GSH due to the activation of G6PD and GPX that in turn increased the antioxidant capability and developmental potential of the embryos. Implications Embryos at higher O2 concentration (20%) generated more reactive oxygen species (ROS) that caused oxidative damage to the embryos and in turn reduced their developmental ability and alter gene expression.
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Hansen PJ. Reproductive physiology of the heat-stressed dairy cow: implications for fertility and assisted reproduction. Anim Reprod 2019; 16:497-507. [PMID: 32435293 PMCID: PMC7234026 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2019-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress causes a large decline in pregnancy success per insemination during warm times of the year. Improvements in fertility are possible by exploiting knowledge about how heat stress affects the reproductive process. The oocyte can be damaged by heat stress at the earliest stages of folliculogenesis and remains sensitive to heat stress in the peri-ovulatory period. Changes in oocyte quality due to heat stress are the result of altered patterns of folliculogenesis and, possibly, direct effects of elevated body temperature on the oocyte. While adverse effects of elevated temperature on the oocyte have been observed in vitro, local cooling of the ovary and protective effects of follicular fluid may limit these actions in vivo. Heat stress can also compromise fertilization rate. The first seven days of embryonic development are very susceptible to disruption by heat stress. During these seven days, the embryo undergoes a rapid change in sensitivity to heat stress from being very sensitive (2- to 4-cell stage) to largely resistant (by the morulae stage). Direct actions of elevated temperature on the embryo are likely to be an important mechanism for reduction in embryonic survival caused by heat stress. An effective way to avoid effects of heat stress on the oocyte, fertilization, and early embryo is to bypass the effects through embryo transfer because embryos are typically transferred into females after acquisition of thermal resistance. There may be some opportunity to mitigate effects of heat stress by feeding antioxidants or regulating the endocrine environment of the cow but neither approach has been reduced to practice. The best long-term solution to the problem of heat stress may be to increase genetic resistance of cows to heat stress. Thermotolerance genes exist within dairy breeds and additional genes can be introgressed from other breeds by traditional means or gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Effects of melatonin on production of reactive oxygen species and developmental competence of bovine oocytes exposed to heat shock and oxidative stress during in vitro maturation. ZYGOTE 2019; 27:180-186. [PMID: 31171044 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199419000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
SummaryHeat shock may disrupt oocyte function by increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We evaluated the capacity of the antioxidant melatonin to protect oocytes using two models of oxidative stress - heat shock and the pro-oxidant menadione. Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were exposed in the presence or absence of 1 µM melatonin to the following treatments during maturation: 38.5°C, 41°C and 38.5°C+5 µM menadione. In the first experiment, COC were matured for 3 h with 5 µM CellROX® and analyzed by epifluorescence microscopy to quantify production of ROS. The intensity of ROS was greater for oocytes exposed to heat shock and menadione than for control oocytes. Melatonin reduced ROS intensity for heat-shocked oocytes and oocytes exposed to menadione, but not for control oocytes. In the second experiment, COC were matured for 22 h. After maturation, oocytes were fertilized and the embryos cultured for 7.5 days. The proportion of oocytes that cleaved after fertilization was lower for oocytes exposed to heat shock and menadione than for control oocytes. Melatonin increased cleavage for heat-shocked oocytes and oocytes exposed to menadione, but not for control oocytes. Melatonin tended to increase the developmental competence of embryos from heat-shocked oocytes but not for embryos from oocytes exposed to menadione or from control oocytes. In conclusion, melatonin reduced production of ROS of maturing oocytes and protected oocytes from deleterious effects of both stresses on competence of the oocyte to cleave after coincubation with sperm. These results suggest that excessive production of ROS compromises oocyte function.
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Effects of use of conventional and sexed semen on the conception rate in heifers: A comparison study. Theriogenology 2019; 135:33-37. [PMID: 31195359 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conception rate with the use of sexed semen is lower than that with the use of conventional semen, posing a major problem in the dairy industry. The aim of this study was to understand the risk factors that affect the conception rate after artificial insemination (AI) with conventional and sexed semen using field data. The records of the first insemination in Holstein heifers with conventional (n = 41,857) and sexed semen (n = 45,465) in Hokkaido, Japan were analyzed. The mean conception rate after AI from 2012 to 2016 was 56.9% with conventional semen and 47.3% with sexed semen. A multivariable logistic regression model including the effects of year, heifer age, time of the year, semen type, service sire, and their interactions was used to evaluate the interaction effect of heifer age and time of the year by semen type on the conception rate. In the analysis using heifer age, we found that heifers inseminated with sexed semen were approximately 21 days younger than those inseminated with conventional semen. Interestingly, in early, warmer months (Jun, Jul, and Aug), the conception rate after AI with sexed semen significantly decreased compared with that after AI with conventional semen (P < 0.01). Our results showed that more careful implementation of AI is required for a stable conception using sexed semen, particularly during warmer months.
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Heng J, Tian M, Zhang W, Chen F, Guan W, Zhang S. Maternal heat stress regulates the early fat deposition partly through modification of m 6A RNA methylation in neonatal piglets. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:635-645. [PMID: 31069641 PMCID: PMC6527640 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that heat stress induces various physiological challenges in livestock production including changes in lipid metabolism. However, the molecular mechanism of how heat stress regulates lipid metabolism at the mRNA level is still largely unknown. N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) is the most common and abundant modification on RNA molecules present in eukaryotes, which affects almost all aspects of RNA metabolism and thus gives us the hint that it may participate in changes of gene expression of lipid metabolism during heat stress. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of heat stress on fat metabolism in 21-day Large White × Landrace piglets from sows challenged by heat stress from day 85 of gestation until day 21 of lactation. We measured the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), genes associated with lipid metabolism, m6A-related enzymes, and m6A levels in abdominal fat and liver of offspring piglets. Our results showed that high ambient temperature significantly increased the expression of HSP70 (P < 0.01) in both liver and abdominal fat and upregulated HSP27 in the liver (P < 0.05). Additionally, genes involved in fat metabolism such as ACACA, FASN, DGAT1, PPAR-γ, SREBP-1c, and FABP4 were upregulated in abdominal fat in the experimental group challenged by high ambient temperature. In the liver, heat stress increased the mRNA expression of DGAT1, SREBP-1c, and CD36 and decreased ATGL and CPT1A expression (P < 0.05). The m6A level was higher in the heat stress group compared with the control group in the liver and abdominal fat of offspring piglets (P < 0.01). Notably, heat stress also increased gene expression of METTL14, WTAP, FTO, and YTHDF2 (P < 0.05) in both abdominal fat and liver. The protein abundances of METTL3, METTL14, and FTO were upregulated after heat stress in abdominal fat (P < 0.05) but not in the liver. Although there was no difference in the protein abundance of YTHDF2 in abdominal fat, its level was increased in the liver (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings showed that heat stress increased expression of genes involved in lipogenesis, which provided scientific evidence to the observation of increased fatness in pigs under heat stress. We also demonstrated a possible mechanism that m6A RNA modification may be associated with these changes in lipid metabolism upon heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Heng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Min Tian
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenfei Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wutai Guan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Shihai Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Wooldridge LK, Ealy AD. Interleukin-6 increases inner cell mass numbers in bovine embryos. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 19:2. [PMID: 30709330 PMCID: PMC6359871 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-019-0182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Work in other species suggests that interleukin-6 (IL6) promotes early embryo development. It was unclear whether IL6 serves as an embryokine in cultured bovine embryos. This work was undertaken to elucidate the role of IL6 during in vitro bovine embryo production. Results Transcripts for IL6 and its two cognate receptor subunits (IL6R, IL6ST) were confirmed in bovine embryos from the 1-cell to blastocyst stages. Supplementing 100 ng/ml recombinant bovine IL6 to in vitro-produced bovine embryos at day 1, 3 or 5 increased (P < 0.05) inner cell mass (ICM) cell number and the ICM:trophectoderm (TE) ratio but not TE cell number. No increase in ICM or TE cell number was observed after supplementation of 1 or 10 ng/ml IL6 beginning at either day 1 or 5. Sequential supplementation with 100 ng/ml IL6 at both day 1 and 5 (for a total of 200 ng/ml IL6) increased (P < 0.05) ICM cell number to a greater extent than supplementing IL6 at a single time period in one study but not a second study. Additionally, providing 200 ng/ml IL6 beginning at day 1 or 5 yielded no further increase on ICM cell numbers when compared to supplementing with 100 ng/ml IL6. IL6 treatment had no effect on cleavage or blastocyst formation in group culture. However, IL6 supplementation increased cleavage and day 8 blastocyst formation when bovine embryos were cultured individually. Conclusions These results implicate IL6 as an embryokine that specifically increases ICM cell numbers in bovine embryos and facilitates bovine blastocyst development in embryos cultured individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia K Wooldridge
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 3430 Litton-Reaves Hall (0306), Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Alan D Ealy
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 3430 Litton-Reaves Hall (0306), Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
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Safa S, Kargar S, Moghaddam GA, Ciliberti MG, Caroprese M. Heat stress abatement during the postpartum period: effects on whole lactation milk yield, indicators of metabolic status, inflammatory cytokines, and biomarkers of the oxidative stress. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:122-132. [PMID: 30346551 PMCID: PMC6313133 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of cooling upon calving in alleviating the adverse effects of heat stress in Holstein lactating cows. Production performance, indicators of metabolic status, immune response, and biomarkers of oxidative stress were measured. Based on mature equivalent milk production, parity, and calving date, 46 multiparous lactating cows were allotted to groups of equal sizes (n = 23); heat stressed (HS; BW = 658 ± 28 kg [mean ± SD]; BCS = 2.7 ± 0.18; parity = 3 ± 0.12) and cooled (CL; BW = 668 ± 23 kg; BCS = 2.8 ± 0.14; parity = 3 ± 0.25). Cows were housed in sand-bedded individual stalls equipped with misters and fans which were on from 1000 to 1800 hours for CL group. DMI and milk yield were measured from calving for 7 wk. Body condition score and BW were recorded weekly. Blood samples were collected weekly to measure the metabolic and antioxidant status, inflammatory cytokines, and immunoglobulins. Rectal temperature was measured daily at 1400 hour. Mean daily maximum temperature, minimum relative humidity, and maximum temperature-humidity index was 37.0 °C, 31.9%, and 83.4 for HS and 27.3 °C, 44.9%, and 75.7 for CL, respectively. Heat-stressed cows exhibited greater rectal temperature (39.8 vs. 39.1 °C) and lower feed intake (19.8 vs. 21.3 kg/d) relative to CL cows. Milk yield, including raw (31.2 vs. 38.6 kg/d) and fat- and protein-corrected (32.1 vs. 35.7 kg/d) milk, was lower in HS vs. CL cows, respectively. The percentages of milk protein (3.25 vs. 3.06), lactose (4.73 vs. 4.58), and solids-not-fat (8.63 vs. 8.38) but not milk fat (4.31 vs. 3.59) were higher in HS cows than in CL cows, respectively. Somatic cell score was greater in HS cows as compared with CL cows. Cooled cows lost less body condition as compared with HS cows. Blood plasma concentrations of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, and β-hydroxybutyric acid were lower in HS cows. Blood plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde (2.13 vs. 1.84 nmol/mL), reactive oxygen species (579 vs. 561 U/mL), and total antioxidant capacity (4.49 vs. 4.06 U/mL) were greater in HS cows than in CL cows. Blood plasma concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1α, and interleukin-2) and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgG) were lower in HS cows than in CL cows. These findings demonstrated that cooling dairy cows during the early postpartum improved the production performance, indicators of metabolic status, immune response, and antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Safa
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahryar Kargar
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholam Ali Moghaddam
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maria Giovanna Ciliberti
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mariangela Caroprese
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, Foggia, Italy
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de Barros FRO, Paula-Lopes FF. Cellular and epigenetic changes induced by heat stress in bovine preimplantation embryos. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 85:810-820. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia R. O. de Barros
- Department of Biological Sciences; Federal University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
- School of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology; Parana Brazil
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Lelièvre JM, Peynot N, Ruffini S, Laffont L, Le Bourhis D, Girard PM, Duranthon V. Regulation of heat-inducible HSPA1A gene expression during maternal-to-embryo transition and in response to heat in in vitro-produced bovine embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:1868-1881. [PMID: 27851888 DOI: 10.1071/rd15504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In in vitro-produced (IVP) bovine embryos, a burst in transcriptional activation of the embryonic genome (EGA) occurs at the 8-16-cell stage. To examine transcriptional regulation prior to EGA, notably in response to heat stress, we asked (1) whether the spontaneous expression of a luciferase transgene that is driven by the minimal mouse heat-shock protein 1b (hspa1b) gene promoter paralleled that of HSPA1A during EGA in IVP bovine embryo and (2) whether expression of the endogenous heat-inducible iHSPA group member HSPA1A gene and the hspa1b/luciferase transgene were induced by heat stress (HS) prior to EGA. Using two culture systems, we showed that luciferase activity levels rose during the 40-h long EGA-associated cell cycle. In contrast, iHSPA proteins were abundant in matured oocytes and in blastomeres from the two-cell to the 16-cell stages. However, normalised results detected a rise in the level of HSPA1A and luciferase mRNA during EGA, when transcription was required for their protein expression. Prior to EGA, HS-induced premature luciferase activity and transgene expression were clearly inhibited. We could not, however, establish whether this was also true for HSPA1A expression because of the decay of the abundant maternal transcripts prior to EGA. In bovine embryos, heat-induced expression of hspa1b/luciferase, and most likely of HSPA1A, was therefore strictly dependent on EGA. The level of the heat-shock transcription factor 1 molecules that were found in cell nuclei during embryonic development correlated better with the embryo's capacity for heat-shock response than with EGA-associated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Lelièvre
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nathalie Peynot
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sylvie Ruffini
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ludivine Laffont
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Daniel Le Bourhis
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Girard
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
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Ross JW, Hale BJ, Seibert JT, Romoser MR, Adur MK, Keating AF, Baumgard LH. Physiological mechanisms through which heat stress compromises reproduction in pigs. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 84:934-945. [PMID: 28667793 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal variations in environmental temperatures impose added stress on domestic species bred for economically important production traits. These heat-mediated stressors vary on a seasonal, daily, or spatial scale, and negatively impact behavior and reduce feed intake and growth rate, which inevitably lead to reduced herd productivity. The seasonal infertility observed in domestic swine is primarily characterized by depressed reproductive performance, which manifests as delayed puberty onset, reduced farrowing rates, and extended weaning-to-estrus intervals. Understanding the effects of heat stress at the organismal, cellular, and molecular level is a prerequisite to identifying mitigation strategies that should reduce the economic burden of compromised reproduction. In this review, we discuss the effect of heat stress on an animal's ability to maintain homeostasis in multiple systems via several hypothalamic-pituitary-end organ axes. Additionally, we discuss our understanding of epigenetic programming and how hyperthermia experienced in utero influences industry-relevant postnatal phenotypes. Further, we highlight the recent recognized mechanisms by which distant tissues and organs may molecularly communicate via extracellular vesicles, a potentially novel mechanism contributing to the heat-stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Ross
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Benjamin J Hale
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Jacob T Seibert
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | | | - Malavika K Adur
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
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Botigelli RC, Razza EM, Pioltine EM, Fontes PK, Schwarz KRL, Leal CLV, Nogueira MFG. Supplementing in vitro embryo production media by NPPC and sildenafil affect the cytoplasmic lipid content and gene expression of bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes and embryos. Reprod Biol 2018; 18:66-75. [PMID: 29361408 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In our study, we added natriuretic peptide type C (NPPC) and/or sildenafil during in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) followed by in vitro culture (IVC) of embryos with or without sildenafil. We evaluated the effects on the lipid content (LC) of oocytes and embryos and also verified the expression of 96 transcripts related to competence in matured COCs and 96 transcripts related to embryo quality in blastocysts. After IVM, LC was decreased in oocytes by NPPC while sildenafil did not affect LC in oocytes. The genes involved in lipid metabolism and lipid accumulation (DGAT1, PLIN2and PLIN3) were not affected in COCs after treatment during IVM, although the expression of PTX3 (a cumulus cells expansion biomarker) was increased and the hatched blastocyst rate was increased by NPPC during IVM. During IVM, sildenafil increased the mRNA relative abundance of HSF1 and PAF1 and decreased REST in blastocysts. The use of sildenafil in IVC increased the LC of blastocysts. The mRNA abundance in blastocysts produced during IVC with sildenafil was changed for ATF4, XBP1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, COX2, and SOX2. Although NPPC reduced the LC of oocytes after IVM and upregulated markers for cumulus expansion, embryo production was not affected and the produced blastocysts were able to regain their LC after IVC. Finally, the use of sildenafil during IVC increased the cytoplasmic LC of embryos but did not affect embryo quality, as measured by analysis of 96 transcripts related to embryo quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Cesar Botigelli
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of pharmacology, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-689, Brazil; University of São Paulo (USP), Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Montanari Razza
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of pharmacology, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Elisa Mariano Pioltine
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of pharmacology, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Patricia Kubo Fontes
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of pharmacology, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Kátia Regina Lancellotti Schwarz
- University of São Paulo (USP), Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Lima Verde Leal
- University of São Paulo (USP), Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fábio Gouveia Nogueira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of pharmacology, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-689, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, Department of Biological Science, Assis, São Paulo, 19806-900, Brazil
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Proteomic Analysis of Thermal Regulation of Small Yellow Follicles in Broiler-Type Taiwan Country Chickens. J Poult Sci 2018; 55:120-136. [PMID: 32055165 PMCID: PMC6756493 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0170069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress hampers egg production and lowers fertility in layers. This study investigated global protein abundance in the small yellow follicles (SYFs, 6–8 mm diameter) of a broiler-type strain of Taiwan country chickens (TCCs) under acute heat stress. Twelve 30-week-old TCC hens were allocated to a control group maintained at 25°C, and to three acute heat-stressed groups subjected to 38°C for 2 h without recovery, with 2-h recovery, or with 6-h recovery. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis analysis identified 119 significantly differentially expressed proteins after acute heat exposure. Gene ontology analysis revealed that most of these proteins are involved in molecular binding (34%), catalytic activity (23%), and structural molecule activity (11%), and participate in metabolic processes (20%), cellular processes (20%), and cellular component organization or biogenesis (11%). Proteins associated with stress response and survival (HSP25, HSP47, HSP70, HSC70, HSPA9), cytoskeleton remodeling, mitochondrial metabolic process of ATP production, antioxidative defense (peroxiredoxin-6), cargo lipid export and delivery (vitellogenin, apolipoprotein B and A1), and toxin/metabolite clearance and delivery (albumin) were upregulated after acute heat stress in the SYFs of TCCs. No overt cell death and atresia were observed in SYFs after acute heat stress. Collectively, these responses may represent a protective mechanism to maintain follicle cell integrity and survival, thereby ensuring a sufficient pool of SYFs for selection into the ovulation hierarchy for successful egg production.
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Pereira M, Wiltbank M, Guida T, Lopes F, Vasconcelos J. Comparison of 2 protocols to increase circulating progesterone concentration before timed artificial insemination in lactating dairy cows with or without elevated body temperature. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:8455-8470. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Krishnan G, Bagath M, Pragna P, Vidya MK, Aleena J, Archana PR, Sejian V, Bhatta R. Mitigation of the Heat Stress Impact in Livestock Reproduction. Theriogenology 2017. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.69091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Characteristics of candidate genes associated with embryonic development in the cow: Evidence for a role for WBP1 in development to the blastocyst stage. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178041. [PMID: 28542629 PMCID: PMC5436885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal was to gain understanding of how 12 genes containing SNP previously related to embryo competence to become a blastocyst (BRINP3, C1QB, HSPA1L, IRF9, MON1B, PARM1, PCCB, PMM2, SLC18A2, TBC1D24, TTLL3 and WBP1) participate in embryonic development. Gene expression was evaluated in matured oocytes and embryos. BRINP3 and C1QB were not detected at any stage. For most other genes, transcript abundance declined as the embryo developed to the blastocyst stage. Exceptions were for PARM1 and WBP1, where steady-state mRNA increased at the 9-16 cell stage. The SNP in WBP1 caused large differences in the predicted three-dimensional structure of the protein while the SNP in PARM1 caused smaller changes. The mutation in WBP1 causes an amino acid substitution located close to a P-P-X-Y motif involved in protein-protein interactions. Moreover, the observation that the reference allele varies between mammalian species indicates that the locus has not been conserved during mammalian evolution. Knockdown of mRNA for WBP1 decreased the percent of putative zygotes becoming blastocysts and reduced the number of trophectoderm cells and immunoreactive CDX2 in the resulting blastocysts. WBP1 is an important gene for embryonic development in the cow. Further research to identify how the SNP in WBP1 affects processes leading to differentiation of the embryo into TE and ICM lineages is warranted.
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Abstract
Summer heat stress decreases the pregnancy rate in cattle and has been thought to be associated with the early embryonic death caused by the elevation of maternal body temperature. In vitro cultures have been widely used for the evaluation of effects of heat stress on oocytes, fertilization, preimplantation, and embryonic development. Susceptibility to heat stress is present in developmental stages from oocytes to cleavage-stage (before embryonic gene activation, EGA) embryos, leading to a consequent decrease in developmental competence. On the other hand, advanced-stage embryos such as morula or blastocysts have acquired thermotolerance. The mechanism for the developmental stage-dependent change in thermotolerance is considered to be the accumulation of antioxidants in embryos in response to heat-inducible production of reactive oxygen species. The supplementation of antioxidants to the culture media has been known to neutralize the detrimental effects of heat stress. Besides, EGA could be involved in acquisition of thermotolerance in later stages of embryos. Morulae or blastocysts can repair heat-induced unfolded proteins or prevent DNA damage occurring in processes such as apoptosis. Therefore, embryo transfer (ET) that can bypass the heat-sensitive stage could be a good solution to improve the pregnancy rate under heat stress. However, frozen-thawed ET could not improve the pregnancy rate as expected. Frozen-thawed blastocysts were more sensitive to heat stress and showed less proliferation upon heat exposure, compared to fresh blastocysts. Therefore, further research is required to improve the reduction in pregnancy rates due to summer heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Sakatani
- Livestock and Grassland Research Division, Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan
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Study on reproductive performance of Holstein x Lai Sind crossbred dairy heifers and cows at smallholdings in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:483-489. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Causes of declining fertility in dairy cows during the warm season. Theriogenology 2016; 91:145-153. [PMID: 28215679 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the Northern Hemisphere, from June to September and in the Southern Hemisphere from December to March, there are periods of reduced fertility (sub-fertility) in dairy cows that are described as summer infertility. Several factors contribute to sub-fertility during this time, such as ambient temperature, humidity and photoperiod. During the warm season there is a reduction in feed intake that may compromise the energy balance of the cow and/or induce an imbalance in the activity of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-ovarian axis. These factors reduce the reproductive performance of the cow and compromise the quality of oocytes, embryos and corpora lutea. This paper reviews current knowledge on the metabolic and endocrine mechanisms that induce summer infertility and describe their effects on follicle, oocyte and embryo development in dairy cows.
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Cagnone G, Sirard MA. The embryonic stress response to in vitro culture: insight from genomic analysis. Reproduction 2016; 152:R247-R261. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent genomic studies have shed light on the impact of in vitro culture (IVC) on embryonic homeostasis and the differential gene expression profiles associated with lower developmental competence. Consistently, the embryonic stress responses to IVC conditions correlate with transcriptomic changes in pathways related to energetic metabolism, extracellular matrix remodelling and inflammatory signalling. These changes appear to result from a developmental adaptation that enhances a Warburg-like effect known to occur naturally during blastulation. First discovered in cancer cells, the Warburg effect (increased glycolysis under aerobic conditions) is thought to result from mitochondrial dysfunction. In the case of IVC embryos, culture conditions may interfere with mitochondrial maturation and oxidative phosphorylation, forcing cells to rely on glycolysis in order to maintain energetic homeostasis. While beneficial in the short term, such adaptations may lead to epigenetic changes with potential long-term effects on implantation, foetal growth and post-natal health. We conclude that lessening the detrimental effects of IVC on mitochondrial activity would lead to significantly improved embryo quality.
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Developmental competence and expression profile of genes in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) oocytes and embryos collected under different environmental stress. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:2271-2285. [PMID: 27650183 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-0022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The study examined the effects of different environmental stress on developmental competence and the relative abundance (RA) of various gene transcripts in oocytes and embryos of buffalo. Oocytes collected during cold period (CP) and hot period (HP) were matured, fertilized and cultured in vitro to blastocyst hatching stage. The mRNA expression patterns of genes implicated in developmental competence (OCT-4, IGF-2R and GDF-9), heat shock (HSP-70.1), oxidative stress (MnSOD), metabolism (GLUT-1), pro-apoptosis (BAX) and anti-apoptosis (BCL-2) were evaluated in immature and matured oocytes as well as in pre-implantation stage embryos. Oocytes reaching MII stage, cleavage rates, blastocyst yield and hatching rates increased (P < 0.05) during the CP. In MII oocytes and 2-cell embryos, the RA of OCT-4, IGF-2R, GDF-9, MnSOD and GLUT-1 decreased (P < 0.05) during the HP. In 4-cell embryos, the RA of OCT-4, IGF-2R and BCL-2 decreased (P < 0.05) in the HP, whereas GDF-9 increased (P < 0.05). In 8-to 16-cell embryos, the RA of OCT-4 and BCL-2 decreased (P < 0. 05) in the HP, whereas HSP-70.1 and BAX expression increased (P < 0.05). In morula and blastocyst, the RA of OCT-4, IGF-2R and MnSOD decreased (P < 0.05) during the HP, whereas HSP-70.1 was increased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, deleterious seasonal effects induced at the GV-stage carry-over to subsequent embryonic developmental stages and compromise oocyte developmental competence and quality of developed blastocysts.
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Ortega MS, Rocha-Frigoni NAS, Mingoti GZ, Roth Z, Hansen PJ. Modification of embryonic resistance to heat shock in cattle by melatonin and genetic variation in HSPA1L. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:9152-9164. [PMID: 27614828 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The objectives were to test whether (1) melatonin blocks inhibition of embryonic development caused by heat shock at the zygote stage, and (2) the frequency of a thermoprotective allele for HSPA1L is increased in blastocysts formed from heat-shocked zygotes as compared with blastocysts from control zygotes. It was hypothesized that melatonin prevents effects of heat shock on development by reducing accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and that embryos inheriting the thermoprotective allele of HSPA1L would be more likely to survive heat shock. Effects of 1 µM melatonin on ROS were determined in experiments 1 and 2. Zygotes were cultured at 38.5 or 40°C for 3 h in the presence of CellROX reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). Culture was in a low [5% (vol/vol)] oxygen (experiment 1) or low or high [21% (vol/vol)] oxygen environment (experiment 2). Heat shock and high oxygen increased ROS; melatonin decreased ROS. Development was assessed in experiments 3 and 4. In experiment 3, zygotes were cultured in low oxygen ± 1 µM melatonin and exposed to 38.5 or 40°C for 12 h (experiment 1) beginning 8 h after fertilization. Melatonin did not protect the embryo from heat shock. Experiment 4 was performed similarly except that temperature treatments (38.5 or 40°C, 24 h) were performed in a low or high oxygen environment (2×2 × 2 factorial design with temperature, melatonin, and oxygen concentration as main effects), and blastocysts were genotyped for a deletion (D) mutation (C→D) in the promoter region of HSPA1L associated with thermotolerance. Heat shock decreased percent of zygotes developing to the blastocyst stage independent of melatonin or oxygen concentration. Frequency of genotypes for HSPA1L was affected by oxygen concentration and temperature, with an increase in the D allele for blastocysts that developed in high oxygen and following heat shock. It was concluded that (1) lack of effect of melatonin or oxygen concentration on embryonic development means that the negative effects of heat shock on the zygote are not mediated by ROS, (2) previously reported effect of melatonin on fertility of heat-stressed cows might involve actions independent of the antioxidant properties of melatonin, and (3) the deletion mutation in the promoter of HSPA1L confers protection to the zygote from heat shock and high oxygen. Perhaps, embryonic survival during heat stress could be improved by selecting for thermotolerant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sofia Ortega
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0910
| | - Nathália A S Rocha-Frigoni
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680, Brazil; Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Reproduction, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Gisele Zoccal Mingoti
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680, Brazil; Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Reproduction, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Zvi Roth
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0910.
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Silva T, Santos E, Annes K, Soares C, Leite R, Lima C, Milazzotto M. Morphokinetic-related response to stress in individually cultured bovine embryos. Theriogenology 2016; 86:1308-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Geary TW, Burns GW, Moraes JGN, Moss JI, Denicol AC, Dobbs KB, Ortega MS, Hansen PJ, Wehrman ME, Neibergs H, O'Neil E, Behura S, Spencer TE. Identification of Beef Heifers with Superior Uterine Capacity for Pregnancy. Biol Reprod 2016; 95:47. [PMID: 27417907 PMCID: PMC5029478 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.141390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility and subfertility represent major problems in domestic animals and humans, and the majority of embryonic loss occurs during the first month of gestation that involves pregnancy recognition and conceptus implantation. The critical genes and physiological pathways in the endometrium that mediate pregnancy establishment and success are not well understood. In study one, predominantly Angus heifers were classified based on fertility using serial embryo transfer to select animals with intrinsic differences in pregnancy loss. In each of the four rounds, a single in vitro-produced, high-quality embryo was transferred into heifers on Day 7 postestrus and pregnancy was determined on Days 28 and 42 by ultrasound and then terminated. Heifers were classified based on pregnancy success as high fertile (HF), subfertile (SF), or infertile (IF). In study two, fertility-classified heifers were resynchronized and bred with semen from a single high-fertility bull. Blood samples were collected every other day from Days 0 to 36 postmating. Pregnancy rate was determined on Day 28 by ultrasound and was higher in HF (70.4%) than in heifers with low fertility (36.8%; SF and IF). Progesterone concentrations in serum during the first 20 days postestrus were not different in nonpregnant heifers and also not different in pregnant heifers among fertility groups. In study three, a single in vivo-produced embryo was transferred into fertility-classified heifers on Day 7 postestrus. The uteri were flushed on Day 14 to recover embryos, and endometrial biopsies were obtained from the ipsilateral uterine horn. Embryo recovery rate and conceptus length and area were not different among the heifer groups. RNA was sequenced from the Day 14 endometrial biopsies of pregnant HF, SF, and IF heifers (n = 5 per group) and analyzed by edgeR-robust analysis. There were 26 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the HF compared to SF endometrium, 12 DEGs for SF compared to IF endometrium, and three DEGs between the HF and IF endometrium. Several of the DEG-encoded proteins are involved in immune responses and are expressed in B cells. Results indicate that preimplantation conceptus survival and growth to Day 14 is not compromised in SF and IF heifers. Thus, the observed difference in capacity for pregnancy success in these fertility-classified heifers is manifest between Days 14 and 28 when pregnancy recognition signaling and conceptus elongation and implantation must occur for the establishment of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Geary
- USDA-ARS, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Miles City, Montana
| | - Gregory W Burns
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Joao G N Moraes
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - James I Moss
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Anna C Denicol
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kyle B Dobbs
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - M Sofia Ortega
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Holly Neibergs
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Eleanore O'Neil
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Susanta Behura
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Cheng CY, Tu WL, Wang SH, Tang PC, Chen CF, Chen HH, Lee YP, Chen SE, Huang SY. Annotation of Differential Gene Expression in Small Yellow Follicles of a Broiler-Type Strain of Taiwan Country Chickens in Response to Acute Heat Stress. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143418. [PMID: 26587838 PMCID: PMC4654548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated global gene expression in the small yellow follicles (6-8 mm diameter) of broiler-type B strain Taiwan country chickens (TCCs) in response to acute heat stress. Twelve 30-wk-old TCC hens were divided into four groups: control hens maintained at 25°C and hens subjected to 38°C acute heat stress for 2 h without recovery (H2R0), with 2-h recovery (H2R2), and with 6-h recovery (H2R6). Small yellow follicles were collected for RNA isolation and microarray analysis at the end of each time point. Results showed that 69, 51, and 76 genes were upregulated and 58, 15, 56 genes were downregulated after heat treatment of H2R0, H2R2, and H2R6, respectively, using a cutoff value of two-fold or higher. Gene ontology analysis revealed that these differentially expressed genes are associated with the biological processes of cell communication, developmental process, protein metabolic process, immune system process, and response to stimuli. Upregulation of heat shock protein 25, interleukin 6, metallopeptidase 1, and metalloproteinase 13, and downregulation of type II alpha 1 collagen, discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 2, and Kruppel-like factor 2 suggested that acute heat stress induces proteolytic disintegration of the structural matrix and inflamed damage and adaptive responses of gene expression in the follicle cells. These suggestions were validated through gene expression, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Functional annotation clarified that interleukin 6-related pathways play a critical role in regulating acute heat stress responses in the small yellow follicles of TCC hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuen-Yu Cheng
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lin Tu
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Wang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Chi Tang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for the Integrative and Evolutionary Galliformes Genomics, iEGG Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for the Integrative and Evolutionary Galliformes Genomics, iEGG Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsin Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Pai Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Ei Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for the Integrative and Evolutionary Galliformes Genomics, iEGG Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (SEC); (SYH)
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for the Integrative and Evolutionary Galliformes Genomics, iEGG Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (SEC); (SYH)
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Cheuquemán C, Loren P, Arias M, Risopatrón J, Felmer R, Álvarez J, Mogas T, Sánchez R. Effects of short-term exposure of mature oocytes to sodium nitroprusside on in vitro embryo production and gene expression in bovine. Theriogenology 2015; 84:1431-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Camargo LSA, Paludo F, Pereira MM, Wohlres-Viana S, Gioso MM, Carvalho BC, Quintao CCR, Viana JHM. Absence of Sperm Factors as in the Parthenogenesis Does Not Interfere on Bovine Embryo Sensitiveness to Heat Shock at Pre-Implantation Stage. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 51:3-9. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- LSA Camargo
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa; Juiz de Fora MG Brazil
- UNIFENAS; Alfenas MG Brazil
| | | | - MM Pereira
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora MG Brazil
| | | | | | - BC Carvalho
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa; Juiz de Fora MG Brazil
- UNIFENAS; Alfenas MG Brazil
| | - CCR Quintao
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa; Juiz de Fora MG Brazil
| | - JHM Viana
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa; Juiz de Fora MG Brazil
- UNIFENAS; Alfenas MG Brazil
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50
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Tu WL, Cheng CY, Wang SH, Tang PC, Chen CF, Chen HH, Lee YP, Chen SE, Huang SY. Profiling of differential gene expression in the hypothalamus of broiler-type Taiwan country chickens in response to acute heat stress. Theriogenology 2015; 85:483-494.e8. [PMID: 26462659 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute heat stress severely impacts poultry production. The hypothalamus acts as a crucial center to regulate body temperature, detect temperature changes, and modulate the autonomic nervous system and endocrine loop for heat retention and dissipation. The purpose of this study was to investigate global gene expression in the hypothalamus of broiler-type B strain Taiwan country chickens after acute heat stress. Twelve 30-week-old hens were allocated to four groups. Three heat-stressed groups were subjected to acute heat stress at 38 °C for 2 hours without recovery (H2R0), with 2 hours of recovery (H2R2), and with 6 hours of recovery (H2R6). The control hens were maintained at 25 °C. At the end, hypothalamus samples were collected for gene expression analysis. The results showed that 24, 11, and 25 genes were upregulated and 41, 15, and 42 genes were downregulated in H2R0, H2R2, and H2R6 treatments, respectively. The expressions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (GNRH1), heat shock 27-kDa protein 1 (HSPB1), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and heat shock protein 25 (HSP25) were upregulated at all recovery times after heat exposure. Conversely, the expression of TPH2 was downregulated at all recovery times. A gene ontology analysis showed that most of the differentially expressed genes were involved in biological processes including cellular processes, metabolic processes, localization, multicellular organismal processes, developmental processes, and biological regulation. A functional annotation analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were related to the gene networks of responses to stress and reproductive functions. These differentially expressed genes might be essential and unique key factors in the heat stress response of the hypothalamus in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Tu
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Yu Cheng
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Wang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Chi Tang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center for the Integrative and Evolutionary Galliformes Genomics, iEGG Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center for the Integrative and Evolutionary Galliformes Genomics, iEGG Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsin Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Pai Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Ei Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center for the Integrative and Evolutionary Galliformes Genomics, iEGG Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center for the Integrative and Evolutionary Galliformes Genomics, iEGG Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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