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Pereira MHC, Lopes FR, Munhoz AK, Pohler KG, Filho RVO, Cappellozza BI, Vasconcelos JLM. Increasing the length of an estradiol with progesterone timed artificial insemination protocol with 2 controlled internal drug release devices improves pregnancy per artificial insemination in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1073-1086. [PMID: 33131810 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of different lengths of ovulation synchronization protocols using 2 controlled internal drug release (CIDR) devices on ovarian dynamics and pregnancy outcomes in lactating dairy cows. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 1,979) were randomly assigned to receive timed artificial insemination (TAI; d 0) following 1 of 2 treatments: (1) 9-d protocol (n = 988; 9D) with 2 intravaginal devices containing 1.9 g of progesterone (CIDR) and 2.0 mg of estradiol benzoate on day -11; 25 mg (i.m.) of dinoprost tromethamine (PG) and withdrawal of 1 CIDR on d -4; 1.0 mg (i.m.) of estradiol cypionate, second CIDR withdrawal, and PG on d -2; and TAI on d 0 and (2) 10-d protocol (n = 991; 10D) with 2 CIDR and 2.0 mg of estradiol benzoate on d -12; 25 mg of PG and withdrawal of 1 CIDR on d -4; 1.0 mg of estradiol, second CIDR withdrawal, and PG on d -2; and TAI on d 0. There was no effect of protocol on estrus detection, whereas a greater percentage of cows from 10D had ovulated close to TAI [no corpus luteum (CL) at AI and a CL at d 7] versus cows assigned to 9D protocol. A protocol × heat stress (average cow temperature ≥39.1°C on day of AI and d 7) interaction was observed in a manner that pregnancy per AI (P/AI) was greater in non-heat-stressed 10D versus 9D cows, whereas P/AI did not differ when cows were under heat stress. Furthermore, 10D protocol did not increase P/AI when all cows that received AI were included in the analysis or in cows that ovulated near TAI. However, animals assigned to 9D without any event of heat stress had a reduced P/AI when compared with cows assigned to 10D without heat stress. A protocol × CL presence at the beginning of the protocol interaction was observed and cows with a CL at the beginning of the protocol had a greater P/AI in 10D versus 9D; meanwhile, in cows without a CL, no differences on P/AI were observed. The protocol × CL presence at the beginning of the protocol interaction on P/AI was also observed for cows that ovulated near TAI. A greater percentage of cows assigned to 9D had follicles of medium size (13-15.9 mm), and greater percentage of cows assigned to 10D had larger follicles (>16 mm). Increasing the length of an estradiol with progesterone-based ovulation synchronization protocol (10D vs. 9D) increased the proportion of cows with larger follicles (>16 mm) and increased P/AI in cows without heat stress and in cows with a CL at beginning of the protocol. Moreover, the 10D protocol increased the proportion of cows with ovulation near TAI, demonstrating the effectiveness of this protocol in improving the reproductive performance of lactating Holstein cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H C Pereira
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - F R Lopes
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - A K Munhoz
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - K G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - R V O Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | | | - J L M Vasconcelos
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18168-000, Brazil.
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Yamamoto N, Nishimura R, Gunji Y, Saneshige M, Kiriki K, Hishinuma M. Effect of post artificial insemination treatment with two different progesterone intravaginal devices on conception and synchronization of the returning estrus in Japanese Black cows. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1822-1828. [PMID: 30333378 PMCID: PMC6305516 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of post artificial insemination
(AI) treatment with intravaginal progesterone device (P4 device) on conception rate,
synchronization of returning estrus and plasma P4 concentration in Japanese Black cows.
Nineteen cows were treated with DIB (1.0 g P4) from Day 12 to 19 (Day 0=day of the first
AI), 27 cows were treated with a CIDR (1.9 g P4) from Day 12 to 19, and 33 cows were not
treated after the first AI (control). Estrous behavior was daily examined between Day 20
and 25, and cows returning to estrus were inseminated (the second AI). On Day 19, plasma
P4 concentration was not different among DIB, CIDR and control groups. There was no
significant difference in conception rate after the first AI among three groups (DIB:
63.2%, CIDR: 66.7% and control: 72.7%). In non-pregnant cows, there was no significant
difference in the proportion of cows showed returning estrus between Day 20 and 25 (DIB:
57.1%, CIDR: 22.2% and control: 44.4%), and day of returning estrus was not synchronized.
The overall conception rate after the first and second AI was not different among the
groups. In conclusion, post-AI treatment with intravaginal devices containing 1.0 and 1.9
g P4 from Day 12 to 19 neither increased plasma P4 concentration nor improved fertility
and synchronization of the returning estrus in Japanese Black cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamamoto
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.,Laboratory of Theriogenology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.,NOSAI Shimane, 105 Tonomachi, Matsue, Shimane 690-0887, Japan
| | - Ryo Nishimura
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.,Laboratory of Theriogenology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yosuke Gunji
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.,Laboratory of Theriogenology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | | | - Kensuke Kiriki
- Miyazaki Prefecture Hokubu NOSAI, 1524-2 Yoshino, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-0072, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Hishinuma
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.,Laboratory of Theriogenology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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Efficacy of progesterone supplementation during early pregnancy in cows: A meta-analysis. Theriogenology 2015; 85:1390-1398.e1. [PMID: 26822872 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone is a critical hormone during early pregnancy in the cow. As a result, a number of studies have investigated the effects of progesterone supplementation on pregnancy rates. In this study, a meta-analysis using a univariate binary random effects model was carried out on 84 specific treatments reported in 53 publications involving control (n = 9905) and progesterone-treated (n = 9135) cows. Although the results of individual studies showed wide variations (-40% to +50% point changes), progesterone treatment resulted in an overall increase in pregnancy rate odds ratio (OR = 1.12; P < 0.01). Improvements in pregnancy rate were only observed in cows treated at natural estrus (OR = 1.41, P < 0.01) and not following synchronization of estrus or ovulation. Although treatment between Days 3 to 7 postinsemination was beneficial (OR = 1.15; P < 0.01), treatment earlier or later than this was not. Progesterone supplementation was beneficial in cows of lower fertility (<45% control pregnancy rate) but not in cows with higher fertility. These results indicated that the benefit of progesterone supplementation on fertility of cows required exogenous progesterone supplementation to start between Day 3 to 7 and the appropriate reproductive status (i.e., lower fertility, natural estrus) of the treated cows.
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Sampaio P, Alves N, Souza J, Sales J, Carvalho R, Lima R, Teixeira A, Nogueira G, Ascari I. Comparative efficacy of exogenous eCG and progesterone on endogenous progesterone and pregnancy in Holstein cows submitted to timed artificial insemination. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 162:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Progesterone supplementation after ovulation: Effects on corpus luteum function and on fertility of dairy cows subjected to AI or ET. Theriogenology 2015; 84:1215-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Friedman E, Voet H, Reznikov D, Wolfenson D, Roth Z. Hormonal treatment before and after artificial insemination differentially improves fertility in subpopulations of dairy cows during the summer and autumn. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:7465-75. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-7900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Forro A, Tsousis G, Beindorff N, Sharifi AR, Brozos C, Bollwein H. Factors affecting the success of resynchronization protocols with or without progesterone supplementation in dairy cows. J Vet Sci 2014; 16:121-6. [PMID: 25293490 PMCID: PMC4367142 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.1.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate factors that influence the success of resynchronization protocols for bovines with and without progesterone supplementation. Cow synchronized and not found pregnant were randomly assigned to two resynchronization protocols: ovsynch without progesterone (P4) supplementation (n = 66) or with exogenous P4 administered from Days 0 to 7 (n = 67). Progesterone levels were measured on Days 0 and 7 of these protocols as well as 4 and 5 days post-insemination. Progesterone supplementation raised the P4 levels on Day 7 (p < 0.05), but had no overall effect on resynchronization rates (RRs) or pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI). However, cows with Body Condition Score (BCS) > 3.5 had increased P/AI values while cows with BCS < 2.75 had decreased P/AI rates after P4 supplementation. Primiparous cows had higher P4 values on Day 7 than pluriparous animals (p = 0.04) and tended to have higher RRs (p = 0.06). Results of this study indicate that progesterone supplementation in resynchronization protocols has minimal effects on outcomes. Parity had an effect on the levels of circulating progesterone at initiation of the protocol, which in turn influenced the RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Forro
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, 30173 Hanover, Germany
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Pereira MHC, Rodrigues ADP, De Carvalho RJ, Wiltbank MC, Vasconcelos JLM. Increasing length of an estradiol and progesterone timed artificial insemination protocol decreases pregnancy losses in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:1454-64. [PMID: 24393173 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Our hypothesis was that increasing the length of an estradiol and progesterone (P4) timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol would improve pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI). Lactating Holstein cows (n=759) yielding 31 ± 0.30 kg of milk/d with a detectable corpus luteum (CL) at d -11 were randomly assigned to receive TAI (d 0) following 1 of 2 treatments: (8d) d -10 = controlled internal drug release (CIDR) and 2.0mg of estradiol benzoate, d -3 = PGF2α(25mg of dinoprost tromethamine), d -2 = CIDR removal and 1.0mg of estradiol cypionate, d 0 = TAI; or (9 d) d -11 = CIDR and estradiol benzoate, d -4 = PGF2α, d -2 CIDR removal and estradiol cypionate, d 0 TAI. Cows were considered to have their estrous cycle synchronized in response to the protocol by the absence of a CL at artificial insemination (d 0) and presence of a CL on d 7. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed on d 32 and 60. The ovulatory follicle diameter at TAI (d 0) did not differ between treatments (14.7 ± 0.39 vs. 15.0 ± 0.40 mm for 8 and 9 d, respectively). The 9 d cows tended to have greater P4 concentrations on d 7 in synchronized cows (3.14 ± 0.18 ng/mL) than the 8d cows (3.05 ± 0.18 ng/mL). Although the P/AI at d 32 [45 (175/385) vs. 43.9% (166/374) for 8d and 9 d, respectively] and 60 [38.1 (150/385) vs. 40.4% (154/374) for 8d and 9 d, respectively] was not different, the 9 d cows had lower pregnancy losses [7.6% (12/166)] than 8d cows [14.7% (25/175)]. The cows in the 9 d program were more likely to be detected in estrus [72.0% (269/374)] compared with 8d cows [62% (240/385)]. Expression of estrus improved synchronization [97.4 (489/501) vs. 81% (202/248)], P4 concentrations at d 7 (3.22 ± 0.16 vs. 2.77 ± 0.17 ng/mL), P/AI at d 32 [51.2 (252/489) vs. 39.4% (81/202)], P/AI at d 60 [46.3 (230/489) vs. 31.1% (66/202)], and decreased pregnancy loss [9.3 (22/252) vs. 19.8% (15/81)] compared with cows that did not show estrus, respectively. Cows not detected in estrus with small (<11 mm) or large follicles (>17 mm) had greater pregnancy loss; however, in cows detected in estrus, no effect of follicle diameter on pregnancy loss was observed. In conclusion, increasing the length of the protocol for TAI increased the percentage of cows detected in estrus and decreased pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H C Pereira
- Aluno do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-000, Brazil
| | - A D P Rodrigues
- Aluno do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-000, Brazil
| | - R J De Carvalho
- Fazendas Reunidas ACP e Filhos, Minas Gerais, Carmo do Rio Claro 37150-000, Brazil
| | - M C Wiltbank
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - J L M Vasconcelos
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18168-000, Brazil.
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