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Shi R, Dong S, Mao J, Wang J, Cao Z, Wang Y, Li S, Zhao G. Dietary Neutral Detergent Fiber Levels Impacting Dairy Cows' Feeding Behavior, Rumen Fermentation, and Production Performance during the Period of Peak-Lactation. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2876. [PMID: 37760276 PMCID: PMC10525722 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) levels (25.49%, 28.65%, 31.66%, and 34.65%, respectively) on the feeding behavior, rumen fermentation, cellulolytic bacteria, and production performance of dairy cows during peak lactation. A feeding experiment was conducted using four fistulated Holstein dairy cows (600 ± 25 kg) with days in milk (50 ± 15 days), employing a 4 × 4 Latin square design to assign the cows to four groups. The results demonstrated that increasing NDF levels in the diet had the following effects: (1) A linear decrease in dry matter intake (DMI), NDF intake, and physically effective NDF8.0 (peNDF8.0) intake; a linear increase in the average time spent eating and ruminating, as well as the time spent eating and ruminating per kilogram of dry matter (DM); a quadratic response in the time spent ruminating per kilogram of NDF and peNDF8.0. (2) A linear increase in average pH value, acetate concentration, and the proportions of Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens among total bacteria; a linear decrease in ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration, microbial crude protein (MCP), total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), propionate, butyrate, and lactate. (3) A linear decrease in milk yield, milk protein percentage, and nitrogen efficiency of dairy cows; a linear increase in milk fat percentage and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) concentration. Based on the combined results, it was found that diets with 25% and 34% NDF had detrimental effects on the feeding behavior, rumen fermentation, and production performance of dairy cows. However, the diet with 28% NDF showed superior outcomes in production performance compared to the one with 31% NDF. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to include a diet containing 28% NDF during the critical peak lactation period for dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhuang Shi
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (R.S.); (S.D.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Shuangzhao Dong
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (R.S.); (S.D.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jiang Mao
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (R.S.); (S.D.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jingjun Wang
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (R.S.); (S.D.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhijun Cao
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (R.S.); (S.D.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yajing Wang
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (R.S.); (S.D.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Shengli Li
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (R.S.); (S.D.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
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Krogstad KC, Bradford BJ. The effects of feeding α-amylase-enhanced corn silage with different dietary starch concentrations to lactating dairy cows on milk production, nutrient digestibility, and blood metabolites. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:4666-4681. [PMID: 37268561 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Corn silage is one of the most common ingredients fed to dairy cattle. Advancement of corn silage genetics has improved nutrient digestibility and dairy cow lactation performance in the past. A corn silage hybrid with enhanced endogenous α-amylase activity (Enogen, Syngenta Seeds LLC) may improve milk production efficiency and nutrient digestibility when fed to lactating dairy cows. Furthermore, evaluating how Enogen silage interacts with different dietary starch content is important because the ruminal environment is influenced by the amount of rumen fermentable organic matter consumed. To evaluate the effects of Enogen corn silage and dietary starch content, we conducted an 8-wk randomized complete block experiment (2-wk covariate period, 6-wk experimental period) with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement using 44 cows (n = 11/treatment; 28 multiparous, 16 primiparous; 151 ± 42 d in milk; 668 ± 63.6 kg of body weight). Treatment factors were Enogen corn silage (ENO) or control (CON) corn silage included at 40% of diet dry matter and 25% (LO) or 30% (HI) dietary starch. Corn silage used in CON treatment was a similar hybrid as in ENO but without enhanced α-amylase activity. The experimental period began 41 d after silage harvest. Feed intake and milk yield data were collected daily, plasma metabolites and fecal pH were measured weekly, and digestibility was measured during the first and final weeks of the experimental period. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model approach with repeated measures for all variables except for body condition score change and body weight change. Corn silage, starch, week, and their interactions were included as fixed effects; baseline covariates and their interactions with corn silage and starch were also tested. Block and cow served as the random effects. Plasma glucose, insulin, haptoglobin, and serum amyloid A concentrations were unaffected by treatment. Fecal pH was greater for cows fed ENO versus CON. Dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and starch digestibility were all greater for ENO than CON during wk 1, but differences were less by wk 6. The HI treatments depressed neutral detergent fiber digestibility compared with LO. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not affected by corn silage but was affected by the interaction of starch and week; in wk 1, DMI was similar but by wk 6, cows fed HI had 1.8 ± 0.93 kg/d less DMI than LO cows. Milk, energy-corrected milk, and milk protein yields were 1.7 ± 0.94 kg/d, 1.3 ± 0.70 kg/d, and 65 ± 27 g/d greater for HI than LO, respectively. In conclusion, ENO increased digestibility but it did not affect milk yield, component yields, or DMI. Increasing dietary starch content improved milk production and feed efficiency without affecting markers of inflammation or metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Krogstad
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - B J Bradford
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.
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Wang K, Xiong B, Zhao X. Could propionate formation be used to reduce enteric methane emission in ruminants? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158867. [PMID: 36122712 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To meet the increasing demand for meat and milk, the livestock industry has to increase its production. Without improving its efficiency, increased livestock, especially ruminant animals, will worsen the environmental damage, mainly from enteric CH4 emission. Enteric CH4 emission from ruminants not only exacerbates the global greenhouse effect but also reduces feed energy efficiency for the animals. The rumen disposes of metabolic hydrogen ([H]) primarily through methanogenesis and propionate formation. Theoretically, redirecting [H] from methanogenesis to propionate formation to reduce CH4 production could be a promising method for reducing greenhouse gas emission from ruminants, and may also increase animal productivity. However, the feasibility of such a shifting has never been synthetically discussed. Thus, the objectives of this review are to provide a brief overview of the biochemical pathways for disposal of H2 in the rumen, to analyze current feeding strategies that potentially promote propionate formation and their effects on methanogenesis, and to deliberate the challenge and opportunity associated with propionate formation as a sink to store the [H] shifting from enteric CH4 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Silva WR, Carvalho FR, Silva RB, Pereira RA, Ávila CL, DeVries TJ, Pereira MN. Fibrous coproducts of corn and citrus as forage and concentrate sources for dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:8099-8114. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhang GN, Li Y, Zhao C, Fang XP, Zhang YG. Effect of substituting wet corn gluten feed and corn stover for alfalfa hay in total mixed ration silage on lactation performance in dairy cows. Animal 2021; 15:100013. [PMID: 33558089 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) is a high moisture feed containing rapidly digestible, non-forage fiber and protein. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of substituting WCGF and corn stover for alfalfa hay in total mixed ration (TMR) silage on lactation performance and nitrogen balance in dairy cows. Nine multiparous Holstein dairy cows (BW = 532 ± 28.9 kg and day in milk = 136 ± 5.6 d; mean ± SD) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 21-d periods (14 d of diet adaption and 7 d of sample collection). Groups were balanced for parity, day in milk, and milk production and consumed one of three treatment diets during each period. The treatment diets were fed as TMR and contained similar concentrate mixtures and corn silage but different proportions of roughage and WCGF. The three treatments were: (1) 0% WCGF, 0% corn stover, and 22.1% alfalfa hay (0% WCGF); (2) 6.9% WCGF, 3.4% corn stover, and 11.8% alfalfa hay (7% WCGF); and (3) 13.3% WCGF, 4.9% corn stover, and 3.9% alfalfa hay (13.3% WCGF). Compared to the 0% WCGF diet, the cows fed the 7% and 13.3% WCGF diets had a higher milk yield and concentration of milk fat, protein, lactose, and total solids. Effective degradability of DM was higher in the cows fed the 7% and 13.3% WCGF diets than it was with the 0% WCGF diet. Cows fed the 13.3% WCGF had a higher CP effective degradability and a lower rumen undegraded protein than cows fed the 0% WCGF diet. The concentration of ruminal volatile fatty acids and ammonia-N was higher in cows fed the 7% and 13.3% WCGF diets than cows fed the 0% WCGF diet. The fecal N was lower in cows fed the 7% and 13.3% WCGF diets than it was in cows fed the 0% WCGF diet. Milk N secretion and milk N as a percent of N intake were higher in cows fed the 13.3% WCGF diet than cows fed the 0% and 7% WCGF diets. In conclusion, it appears that feeding a TMR silage containing WCGF and corn stover in combination, replacing a portion of alfalfa hay, may improve lactation performance and nitrogen utilization for lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Y Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - C Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - X P Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Y G Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Lactation performance, nitrogen utilization, and profitability in dairy cows fed fermented total mixed ration containing wet corn gluten feed and corn stover in combination replacing a portion of alfalfa hay. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Darabighane B, Aghjehgheshlagh FM, Mahdavi A, Navidshad B, Bernard JK. Replacing alfalfa hay with dry corn gluten feed alters eating behavior, nutrient digestibility, and performance of lactating dairy cows. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1830722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Darabighane
- Department of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Ali Mahdavi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bahman Navidshad
- Department of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - John K. Bernard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
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Darabighane B, Mirzaei Aghjehgheshlagh F, Mahdavi A, Navidshad B, Bernard JK. Effects of inclusion of corn gluten feed in dairy rations on dry matter intake, milk yield, milk components, and ruminal fermentation parameters: a meta-analysis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2359-2369. [PMID: 32170651 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Corn gluten feed (CGF) is a co-product of wet milling that can replace energy or fiber ingredients in dairy cow rations. The present meta-analysis examines how inclusion of CGF can affect dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield (MY), milk components, and ruminal fermentation parameters. A literature search was conducted to identify papers published from 1990 to 2018. Effect size for all parameters was calculated as standardized mean difference with a 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity was determined using Q test and I2 statistic, while meta-regression was used to examine factors influencing heterogeneity. Results indicate that feeding CGF increased the effect size for DMI and MY. No differences were observed for effect size for percentage milk fat or protein; however, increases were observed in the effect size for milk fat yield, milk protein yield, milk lactose percentage, and milk lactose yield. Ruminal fermentation parameters revealed a decrease in the effect size for pH and acetate and an increase for propionate. No differences were observed in the effect size for total VFA or butyrate. The Q test demonstrated heterogeneity (P < 0.1) for MY, MFP, and pH. The results indicate differences in forage intake between groups receiving CGF and control as an important factor contributing to heterogeneity for DMI, MFP, and pH. It can be concluded from this meta-analysis that in addition to increased DMI, inclusion of CGF in cow diets increases MY and improves milk components. Furthermore, inclusion of CGF in the diet lowers ruminal pH while decreasing acetate and increasing propionate contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Darabighane
- Department of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Ali Mahdavi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bahman Navidshad
- Department of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - John K Bernard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
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Mensching A, Hummel J, Sharifi AR. Statistical modeling of ruminal pH parameters from dairy cows based on a meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:750-767. [PMID: 31704012 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adequate feeding of high-performance dairy cows is extremely important to avoid the digestive disorder subacute ruminal acidosis. Subacute ruminal acidosis is defined as a status with a below-average ruminal pH that does not cause direct clinical symptoms at the individual level but is relevant for animal welfare due to a higher risk of secondary health problems at the herd level. The main objective of this study was to apply meta-analytical methods in an exploratory approach to investigate the association between pH parameters of the ventral rumen with milk and diet parameters. Data from 32 studies using continuous pH measurement in the ventral rumen of lactating cows were included in the meta-analysis. Available information extracted from all studies was categorized into parameters associated with management, cow, diet, milk, and pH. The statistical analysis was divided into 4 sections. First, a multiple imputation procedure based on a principal component model was applied, since approximately 19% of the data set consisted of missing values due to heterogeneity in provided information between the studies included in the analysis. In a second step, all potential predictors for the pH parameters, including the daily mean pH, the time with a pH below 5.8, and the pH range, were examined for their prediction suitability using multi-level mixed effects meta-regression models. These analyses were performed on the raw and the imputed data. Because the results of both approaches were consistent, the imputing procedure was considered to be appropriate. Third, automated variable selection was applied to all 3 pH parameters separately for the predictor groups milk and diet using the imputed data set. Thereby, multi-model inference was used to estimate the relative importance of the selected variables. Finally, a functional relationship between the 3 pH parameters was established. The fat to protein ratio of milk, milk fat, and milk protein showed significant associations in meta-regression analysis for all 3 pH parameters when used as a single predictor. Out of the group of diet-specific variables, the acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, nonfiber carbohydrate, starch content, as well as the forage to concentrate ratio, showed the highest significance in the models. In particular, the multi-model inference showed that the protein, fat, and lactose content of the milk can best quantify the association to the daily mean pH and the time with a pH below 5.8 in a multiple regression model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mensching
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Integrated Breeding Research, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - J Hummel
- Ruminant Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - A R Sharifi
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Integrated Breeding Research, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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Ylioja CM, Abney-Schulte C, Stock R, Bradford BJ. Effects of fat supplementation to diets high in nonforage fiber on production responses of midlactation dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6066-6073. [PMID: 29605323 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dietary nonforage fiber sources on production responses of lactating dairy cattle have been well described, but interactions with other components of the diet have been less thoroughly explored. We investigated the effects of adding 2 commonly fed fat sources to a ration featuring high levels of nonforage fiber supplied by a corn milling by-product. Midlactation Holstein cows were blocked by parity, stratified by days in milk, and randomly assigned to 1 of 6 pens (12 cows/pen). Pens were randomly assigned to treatment sequences in a 3 × 3 Latin square design, where the treatments consisted of prilled saturated fat (SAT; Energy Booster 100, Milk Specialties Co., Dundee, IL), calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids (UNS; Megalac, Church and Dwight Co. Inc., Princeton, NJ), or no added dietary fat (control), with fat sources included to provide 1.2% added fat (dry matter basis). Treatment periods were 21 d; milk and feed samples were collected and milk yield and feed intake were recorded for the last 4 d of each period. Results were analyzed with mixed models with pen as the experimental unit, and orthogonal contrasts were employed to evaluate the overall effect of added fat and the effect of fat source. Dry matter intake and milk yield tended to increase with added fat. Protein content decreased with fat supplementation, to a greater degree for UNS than for SAT, but protein yield was not affected. Fat content, fat yield, and energy-corrected milk yield were not affected by treatment. Conversion of feed to milk tended to increase for UNS compared with SAT. Fat supplementation to diets high in nonforage fiber had effects that were similar to those reported for more traditional lactation diets, except for the dry matter intake response.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Ylioja
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | | | - R Stock
- Cargill Inc., Blair, NE 68008
| | - B J Bradford
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506.
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Lean I, de Ondarza M, Sniffen C, Santos J, Griswold K. Meta-analysis to predict the effects of metabolizable amino acids on dairy cattle performance. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:340-364. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Farsuni NE, Amanlou H, Silva-Del-Río N, Mahjoubi E. Responses of fresh cows to three feeding strategies that reduce starch levels by feeding beet pulp. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:4575-4586. [PMID: 29108033 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study objective was to evaluate the effects of reducing dietary starch content in fresh cow diets while maintaining NDF levels by substituting barley grain (BG), corn silage (CS), or both with beet pulp (BP) on nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, DMI, lactation performance, meal patterns, chewing activity, and sorting behavior. Thirty-six multiparous cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental diets from calving to 21 d in lactation. Experimental diets were a high-starch diet with ground BG (CO; 24.9% starch; 0% BP) and 3 low-starch diets: the CO with BP substituted for ground BG (BB; 19.6% starch; 7% BP), the CO with BP substituted for CS (BC; 20.6% starch; 12% BP), or the CO with BP substituted for CS and ground BG (BCB; 20.3% starch; 12% BP). The CO, BB, BC, and BCB contained 33.4, 34.4, 32.9, and 33.7% NDF, respectively, and 23.1, 22.0, 18.2, and 19.2% forage NDF, respectively. There was no effect of diet on total tract nutrient digestibility ( > 0.20), ruminal pH ( = 0.49), or total VFA ( = 0.39). However, diets affected molar proportions of propionate and acetate ( ≤ 0.01). Relative to CO cows, the molar propionate percentage was less in BB cows ( < 0.01) and tended to be greater in BC cows ( = 0.10), whereas the molar percentage of acetate was less in BC cows than in BB ( < 0.01) and CO cows ( = 0.02). Relative to CO cows (16.50 kg/d), DMI was greater for BC (17.70 kg/d; < 0.01) and BCB cows (17.50 kg/d; = 0.01), but it was less in BB cows (15.60 kg/d; = 0.02). Similar to DMI results, milk yields tended to be greater for BC (37.89 kg/d; = 0.08) and BCB cows (37.81 kg/d; = 0.09) compared with CO cows (35.41 kg/d), but BB cows (33.05 kg/d) tended to produce less milk than CO cows ( = 0.1). Milk fat content tended to be less in BC ( = 0.08) and BCB cows ( = 0.10) than in CO cows. There was no effect of diet on eating and rumination patterns ( ≥ 0.18), except shortened meal intervals for BC and BCB cows compared with CO cows ( = 0.02). Dietary treatments did not affect chewing activities per day or bout ( = 0.50), but BC and BCB cows spent less time on chewing activities per kilogram DM ( < 0.01) and NDF intake ( < 0.01) compared with CO cows. Cows fed the BC and BCB sorted for long particles (>19 mm; < 0.01) but against particles < 1.18 mm ( < 0.01). In the present study, propionate did not seem to play a central role in feed intake regulation of fresh cows, because BB cows had depressed DMI and the lowest molar proportion of propionate. However, reducing starch levels in fresh cow diets by replacing CS and both CS and BG with BP positively affected DMI and milk yield.
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Yang Y, Ferreira G, Teets C, Corl B, Thomason W, Griffey C. Effects of feeding hull-less barley on production performance, milk fatty acid composition, and nutrient digestibility of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:3576-3583. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Huls TJ, Luebbe MK, Watson AK, Meyer NF, Griffin WA, Klopfenstein TJ, Stock RA, Erickson GE. Using Sweet Bran instead of forage during grain adaptation in finishing feedlot cattle1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1149-58. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Fredin S, Akins M, Ferraretto L, Shaver R. Effects of corn-based diet starch content and neutral detergent fiber source on lactation performance, digestibility, and bacterial protein flow in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:554-65. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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