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KUMAR MANOJ, RATWAN POONAM, DAHIYA SP. Potential candidate gene markers for milk fat in bovines: A review. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i5.104601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
In dairy animals, the principal goal of selection is to improve quality and quantity of milk. Genetic information inferred from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) primarily linked to Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) can be used to improve selection for milk and milk constituent traits in bovines. Selection for a marker allele known to be associated with a beneficial QTL increases the frequency of that allele and hence, dairy performance can be enhanced. One of the potential benefit of selection based on molecular marker is that the marker genotypes can be determined in a dairy animal just after birth. Thus, marker information can be used to predict an animal's genotype before its actual performance recording for a trait is available, which considerably reduces generation interval and thus improves genetic gain in a herd for milk and its constituent traits. This review article is an attempt to comprehend the idea behind marker based selection for milk fat and genes regulating milk fat with significant effects that can be targeted specifically in selection of superior dairy animals. Once an association is established, itcan be utilized in a marker assisted breeding program for improvement of bovines.
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Al-Shuhaib MBS, Al-Thuwaini TM, Fadhil IA, Aljubouri TRS. GHRL gene-based genotyping of ovine and caprine breeds reveals highly polymorphic intronic sequences in Awassi sheep with several RNA motifs. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2019; 17:3. [PMID: 31659533 PMCID: PMC6821144 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-019-0004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study was conducted to identify the genetic polymorphism of ghrelin (GHRL) gene of sheep and goats, as well as to determine whether these polymorphisms were associated with the evolutionary genetic differences in the involved species. This study was performed on 233 sheep and 91 goats. Two genetic loci of 113 bp and 262 bp partially spanning over exon 2/intron 2 and intron 4/exon 5 of GHRL gene respectively were amplified and genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing methods. RESULTS The SSCP banding pattern of 262-bp locus indicated the presence of four diplotypes (BC, BB, AC, and AB) in Awassi sheep, three diplotypes (BC, BB, and AB) in Karadi sheep, and only two diplotypes (BC and BB) in all goats' samples. The current study detected several novel SNPs in the ovine-caprine populations as well as two SNPs that are observed only in sheep, including intron4:119 C>A and intron4:123 T>G. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the observed diplotypes resided within ovine sequences and were closely related to caprine counterparts. Computational analyses indicated the presence of various intronic RNA motifs. However, all these motifs were gathered in Awassi breed. CONCLUSION It is stated that the intron 4 is highly diverse amongst goats and sheep as well as within sheep with a particular emphasis on Awassi. This genetic peculiarity may in turn suggest a high polymorphic pattern of this breed in comparison with other related counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Baqur S Al-Shuhaib
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, 8-Al-Qasim, Hillah, Babil, 51001, Iraq.
| | - Tahreer M Al-Thuwaini
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, 8-Al-Qasim, Hillah, Babil, 51001, Iraq
| | - Israa A Fadhil
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, 8-Al-Qasim, Hillah, Babil, 51001, Iraq
| | - Thamer R S Aljubouri
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, 8-Al-Qasim, Hillah, Babil, 51001, Iraq
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Tyra M, Ropka-Molik K, Piórkowska K, Oczkowicz M, Szyndler-Nędza M, Małopolska M. Association of Ghrelin Gene Polymorphisms with Fattening Traits and Feed Intake in Pig: A Preliminary Study. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9070410. [PMID: 31266237 PMCID: PMC6680418 DOI: 10.3390/ani9070410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary From a production point of view, feed intake, growth and carcass quality are among the most important traits in pig breeding. Understanding the mechanisms and processes going on inside the animal’s body can help in the selection of herds and improvement in economic effectiveness. Previous research conducted on different species has showed that ghrelin (GHRL) is responsible for feed intake, efficiency of growth, etc. Thus, evaluation of the regulatory regions and coding sequence of the porcine GHRL gene may be useful as a molecular marker for selected fattening and feed efficiency traits. In this paper, a promising mutation at the locus g.4486C>T was found, which was associated with total feed intake. Abstract Numerous studies have been conducted to explain the biological functions and mechanism of ghrelin (GHRL) action in animals. However, the exact role of ghrelin in the regulation of growth and development in pigs is still unclear. The ghrelin gene is considered to be a good candidate marker for the identification of economically important traits in pig production such as feed intake, growth or carcass quality. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the regulatory regions and coding sequence of the porcine GHRL gene and determine the effect of polymorphisms at the ghrelin gene locus on selected fattening traits. Data were obtained from 346 gilts (pure breeds: Landrace, 188; Duroc, 74; Pietrain, 84). The PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) method was used to detect polymorphisms within GHRL. Three polymorphisms were found, one in the promoter region (c.-93A>G) and two in the 3’UTR sequence (g.4428T>C; g.4486C>T). A significant (p ≤ 0.01) additive effect on daily gain (negative) and age at slaughter (positive) was obtained at the locus c.-93A>G. However, the most promising mutation was at the locus g.4486C > T, which is associated with total feed intake. Overall, the described GHRL polymorphisms may be useful as molecular markers in pig selection but future studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Tyra
- Department of Pig Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Piórkowska
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Maria Oczkowicz
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szyndler-Nędza
- Department of Pig Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Martyna Małopolska
- Department of Pig Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
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Du C, Deng T, Zhou Y, Ye T, Zhou Z, Zhang S, Shao B, Wei P, Sun H, Khan FA, Yang L, Hua G. Systematic analyses for candidate genes of milk production traits in water buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis). Anim Genet 2019; 50:207-216. [PMID: 30937948 DOI: 10.1111/age.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is of great economic importance as a provider of milk and meat in many countries. However, the milk yield of buffalo is much lower than that of Holstein cows. Selection of candidate genes related to milk production traits can be applied to improve buffalo milk performance. A systematic review of studies of these candidate genes will be greatly beneficial for researchers to timely and efficiently understand the research development of molecular markers for buffalo milk production traits. Here, we identified and classified the candidate genes associated with buffalo milk production traits. A total of 517 candidate genes have been identified as being associated with milk performance in different buffalo breeds. Nineteen candidate genes containing 47 mutation sites have been identified using the candidate gene approach. In addition, 499 candidate genes have been identified in six genome-wide association studies (GWASes) including two studies performed with the bovine SNP chip and four studies with the buffalo SNP chip. Genes CTNND2 (catenin delta 2), APOB (apolipoprotein B), FHIT (fragile histidine triad) and ESRRG (estrogen related receptor gamma) were identified in at least two GWASes. These four genes, especially APOB, deserve further study to explore regulatory roles in buffalo milk production. With growth in the number of buffalo genomic studies, more candidate genes associated with buffalo milk production traits will be identified. Therefore, future studies, such as those investigating gene location and functional analyses, are necessary to facilitate the exploitation of genetic potential and the improvement of buffalo milk performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Du
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - T Deng
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Guangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - T Ye
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Z Zhou
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - S Zhang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - B Shao
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - P Wei
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - H Sun
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - F A Khan
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - L Yang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Hubei Province's Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - G Hua
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Hubei Province's Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Li S, Liu J, Lv Q, Zhang C, Xu S, Yang D, Huang B, Zeng Y, Gao Y, Wang W. AG and UAG induce β-casein expression via activation of ERK1/2 and AKT pathways. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 56:213-25. [PMID: 26873999 PMCID: PMC5064986 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The ghrelin peptides were found to circulate in two major forms: acylated ghrelin (AG) and unacylated ghrelin (UAG). Previous studies showed that AG regulates β-casein (CSN2) expression in mammary epithelial cells. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which AG regulates CSN2 gene and protein expression. Evidence suggests that UAG has biological activity through GHSR1a-independent mechanisms. Here, we investigated the possible GHSR1a-mediated effect of UAG on the expression of CSN2 in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (pbMECs) isolated from lactating cow. We found that both AG and UAG increase the expression of CSN2 in a dose-dependent manner in pbMECs in comparison with the control group. Increased expression of CSN2 was blocked by [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 (an antagonist of the GHSR1a) and NF449 (a Gs-α subunit inhibitor) in pbMECs. In addition, both AG and UAG activated AKT/protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathways, whereas [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 and NF449 inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2 in pbMECs respectively. Blockade of ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways prevented the expression of CSN2 induced by AG or UAG. Finally, we found that both AG and UAG cause cell proliferation through identical signaling pathways. Taken together, these results demonstrate that both AG and UAG act on ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways to facilitate the expression of CSN2 in a GHSR1a-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunan Li
- College of Veterinary MedicineJilin University
| | - Juxiong Liu
- College of Veterinary MedicineJilin University
| | - Qingkang Lv
- College of Veterinary MedicineJilin University
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismThe Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiyao Xu
- College of Veterinary MedicineJilin University
| | | | | | - Yalong Zeng
- College of Veterinary MedicineJilin University
| | - Yingjie Gao
- College of Veterinary MedicineJilin University
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Veterinary MedicineJilin University
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Deng TX, Pang CY, Lu XR, Zhu P, Duan AQ, Liang XW. Associations between polymorphisms of the STAT1 gene and milk production traits in water buffaloes1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:927-35. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. X. Deng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - C. Y. Pang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - X. R. Lu
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - P. Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - A. Q. Duan
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - X. W. Liang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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Menzies M, Seim I, Josh P, Nagaraj SH, Lees M, Walpole C, Chopin LK, Colgrave M, Ingham A. Cloning and tissue distribution of novel splice variants of the ovine ghrelin gene. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:211. [PMID: 25350131 PMCID: PMC4172912 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ghrelin axis is involved in the regulation of metabolism, energy balance, and the immune, cardiovascular and reproductive systems. The manipulation of this axis has potential for improving economically valuable traits in production animals, and polymorphisms in the ghrelin (GHRL) and ghrelin receptor (GHSR) genes have been associated with growth and carcass traits. Here we investigate the structure and expression of the ghrelin gene (GHRL) in sheep, Ovis aries. Results We identify two ghrelin mRNA isoforms, which we have designated Δex2 preproghrelin and Δex2,3 preproghrelin. Expression of Δex2,3 preproghrelin is likely to be restricted to ruminants, and would encode truncated ghrelin and a novel C-terminal peptide. Both Δex2 preproghrelin and canonical preproghrelin mRNA isoforms were expressed in a range of tissues. Expression of the Δex2,3 preproghrelin isoform, however, was restricted to white blood cells (WBC; where the wild-type preproghrelin isoform is not co-expressed), and gastrointestinal tissues. Expression of Δex2 preproghrelin and Δex2,3 preproghrelin mRNA was elevated in white blood cells in response to parasitic worm (helminth) infection in genetically susceptible sheep, but not in resistant sheep. Conclusions The restricted expression of the novel preproghrelin variants and their distinct WBC expression pattern during parasite infection may indicate a novel link between the ghrelin axis and metabolic and immune function in ruminants.
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