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Bodkowski R, Wierzbicki H, Mucha A, Cholewińska P, Wojnarowski K, Patkowska-Sokoła B. Composition and fatty acid profile of milk from cows fed diets supplemented with raw and n-3 PUFA-enriched fish oil. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10968. [PMID: 38745072 PMCID: PMC11094043 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation of ruminants with fish oil is a strategy for favorably modifying the fatty acid composition of milk fat. This study investigated the effect of supplementing cows' diet with fish oil after low-temperature crystallisation (LTC-FO) compared to its raw form (FO) on milk yield, milk components (fat, protein, and lactose), and milk fatty acid profile. Twenty-four mid-lactating multiparous Polish Holstein-Friesian cows fed a total-mix ration were randomly assigned to two homogeneous groups (n = 12 cows each) and supplemented with LTC-FO or FO at 1% of dry matter. Milk samples were collected on days 14 and 30 of the 30-day experiment. No significant differences between the groups in terms of milk yield, milk protein, and lactose content were found, however, the fat yield and content decreased in the LTC-FO group. Milk fat from cows in the LTC-FO group contained significantly higher levels of C18:1 trans-11, C18:2 cis-9, trans-11, C18:3n - 3, C20:5, and C22:6, and lower levels of saturated fatty acids compared to the FO group (p < 0.05). Therefore, LTC-FO may be a more efficient feed additive than FO and may serve as a practical way to modify the fatty acid composition of milk fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bodkowski
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Heliodor Wierzbicki
- Department of Genetics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 7, 51-631, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Mucha
- Department of Genetics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 7, 51-631, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Cholewińska
- Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Konrad Wojnarowski
- Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Bożena Patkowska-Sokoła
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630, Wroclaw, Poland
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Fougère H, Delavaud C, Le Faouder P, Bertrand‐Michel J, Bernard L. Triacylglycerols and Polar Lipids in Cow and Goat Milk are Differentially Affected by Various Lipid Supplemented Diets. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Fougère
- Université Clermont Auvergne INRAE VetAgro Sup UMR Herbivores 63122 Saint‐Genès‐Champanelle France
- Département de Pédiatrie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec‐Université Laval Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Carole Delavaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne INRAE VetAgro Sup UMR Herbivores 63122 Saint‐Genès‐Champanelle France
| | - Pauline Le Faouder
- MetaToul‐Lipidomic Facility MetaboHUB Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) Inserm/Université Paul Sabatier UMR1048 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes Toulouse 31432 France
| | - Justine Bertrand‐Michel
- MetaToul‐Lipidomic Facility MetaboHUB Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) Inserm/Université Paul Sabatier UMR1048 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes Toulouse 31432 France
| | - Laurence Bernard
- Université Clermont Auvergne INRAE VetAgro Sup UMR Herbivores 63122 Saint‐Genès‐Champanelle France
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van den Oever SP, Haselmann A, Schreiner M, Fuerst-Waltl B, Zebeli Q, Mayer HK, Knaus W. Hay versus silage: Does hay feeding positively affect milk composition? Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lv R, Elsabagh M, Obitsu T, Sugino T, Kurokawa Y. Effect of phytol in forage on phytanic acid content in cow's milk. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:1616-1622. [PMID: 34237930 PMCID: PMC8495353 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Bioactive compounds in the ruminant products are related to functional compounds in diets. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of forage sources, Italian ryegrass (IR) silage vs corn silage (CS) in the total mixed ration (TMR), on milk production, milk composition, and phytanic acid content in milk, as well as on the extent of conversion of dietary phytol to milk phytanic acid. Methods Phytanic acid content in milk was investigated for cows fed a TMR containing either IR silage or corn silage using 17 cows over three periods of 21 days each. In periods 1 and 3, cows were fed corn silage-based TMR (30% corn silage), while in period 2, cows were fed IR silage-based TMR (20% IR silage and10% corn silage). Results The results showed that there were no differences in fat, protein, lactose, solids-not-fat, somatic cell count, and fatty acid composition of milk among the three experimental periods. There were no differences in the plasma concentration of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and nonesterified fatty acids among the three experimental periods, while the blood urea nitrogen was higher (p<0.05) in period 2. The milk phytanic acid content was higher (p<0.05) in period 2 (13.9 mg/kg) compared with period 1 (9.30 mg/kg) and 3 (8.80 mg/kg). Also, the phytanic acid content in the feces was higher (p<0.05) in period 2 (1.65 mg/kg DM) compared with period1 (1.15 mg/kg DM) and 3 (1.17 mg/kg DM). Although the phytol contents in feces did not differ among the three feeding periods, the conversion ratio from dietary phytol to milk phytanic acid was estimated to be only 2.6%. Conclusion Phytanic acid content in cow's milk increases with increasing phytol content in diets. However, phytol might not be completely metabolized in the rumen and phytanic acid, in turn, might not be completely recovered into cow's milk. The change of phytanic acid content in milk may be positively correlated with the change of phytol in the diet within a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renlong Lv
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Mabrouk Elsabagh
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde University, Nigde 51240, Turkey.,Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Taketo Obitsu
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Sugino
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Yuzo Kurokawa
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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Manzocchi E, Martin B, Bord C, Verdier-Metz I, Bouchon M, De Marchi M, Constant I, Giller K, Kreuzer M, Berard J, Musci M, Coppa M. Feeding cows with hay, silage, or fresh herbage on pasture or indoors affects sensory properties and chemical composition of milk and cheese. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:5285-5302. [PMID: 33685688 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In European countries, silage-free feeding is an ancient tradition and has a particularly positive reputation among consumers. In the present study, we compared grass-based forages from the same plot conserved as hay or silage or fed fresh either on pasture or indoors, and we evaluated the differences in sensory properties of milk and uncooked pressed cheese. All herbage from the first cut of a grassland dominated by perennial ryegrass was harvested on the same day and preserved either as hay or silage. The first regrowth of the same plot was used for strip grazing or green feeding indoors. Balanced by breed, 24 Montbéliarde and 24 Holstein cows were allocated to the 4 treatments. Apart from the forages, the late-lactation cows received 3 kg/d of dry matter from concentrate. After 2 wk of dietary adaptation, the bulk milk of 3 subgroups, each with 4 cows, was collected. Part of the milk was pasteurized, and part was left raw and partly transformed to small-sized Cantal-type cheese ripened for 9 wk. Milk and cheese underwent descriptive sensory analysis by a trained sensory panel, as well as analyses of physicochemical traits. Volatile organic compounds of the cheeses were also analyzed. Raw and pasteurized milk from hay-fed cows had less intense odors of cooked milk, cream, and barnyard than milk from grazing cows, whereby the effect of pasteurization did not differ between herbage utilization methods. Cheeses obtained from cows fed fresh herbage (grazing and indoors) were clearly yellower than cheeses from silage- and hay-fed cows, which coincided with the color intensity perceived by the panelists. Moreover, cheeses from cows fed fresh herbage had more intense barnyard and dry fruit flavors, were perceived as creamier and having less lactic odor, and exhibited more fat exudation than those from cows fed conserved herbage. Only a few differences were observed in milk and cheeses from hay-fed compared with silage-fed cows, and those differences were far less pronounced than those of milk and cheeses from cows fed fresh herbage. In conclusion, the present study did not substantiate assumptions of clear sensory differences of milk and uncooked pressed cheese from hay-fed compared with silage-fed cows. For the first time, this study reports that the global flavor intensity of cheeses from indoor green-fed cows is similar to that of cheeses derived from cows fed conserved forages, whereas cheeses from grazing cows have the greatest global flavor intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Manzocchi
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Martin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - C Bord
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR 545 Fromage, 15000 Aurillac, France
| | - I Verdier-Metz
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR 545 Fromage, 15000 Aurillac, France
| | - M Bouchon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Herbipôle, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - M De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - I Constant
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - K Giller
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Kreuzer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Berard
- ETH Zurich, AgroVet Strickhof, Eschikon 27, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland; Agroscope, Division Animal Production Systems and Animal Health, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland
| | - M Musci
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - M Coppa
- Independent researcher at Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Geldsetzer-Mendoza C, Ibáñez RA, Rodríguez JR, Alvarado-Gillis C, Keim JP. Chemical Composition, Fatty Acid Profile and Sensory Characteristics of Chanco-Style Cheese from Early Lactation Dairy Cows Fed Winter Brassica Crops. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010107. [PMID: 33430319 PMCID: PMC7825774 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Brassica crops such as kales and swedes can be supplied to cow diets during winter. Little is known about the effects of feeding those forage brassicas to lactating cows on cheese nutritional characteristics. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of including kale or swedes in the diet of pasture-fed lactating dairy cows on chemical composition, fatty acid (FA) profile and sensory characteristics of Chanco-style cheese. Kale or swedes can be used in the diet of pasture-fed lactating dairy cows without negative effects on milk production, milk composition and cheese composition. However, with regard to cheese FA profiles, those elaborated from milks from kale and swedes increased total contents of saturated fatty acids. Abstract Brassica crops such as kale and swede can be supplied to cow diets during winter, however little is known about the effects of feeding those forage brassicas to lactating cows on cheese nutritional characteristics of milk and cheese. This study evaluated the effect of including kale or swede in pasture-fed lactating dairy cow diets on chemical composition, fatty acid (FA) profile, and sensory characteristics of Chanco-style cheese. Twelve early-lactation cows were used in a replicated (n = 4) 3 × 3 square Latin square design. The control diet consisted of (DM basis) 10.0 kg of grass silage, 4.0 kg of fresh grass pasture, 1.5 kg soybean meal, 1.0 kg of canola meal, and 4.0 kg of cereal-based concentrate. The other treatments replaced 25% of the diet with swede or kale. Milk yield, milkfat, and milk protein were similar between treatments as were cheese moisture, fat, and protein. Swede and kale increased total saturated cheese FA while thrombogenic index was greater in swede, but color homogeneity and salty flavor were greater while ripe cheese aroma less than for kale. Kale or swede can be used in the diet of pasture-fed lactating dairy cows without negative effects on milk production, milk composition, or cheese composition. However, kale and swede increased total cheese saturated FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.G.-M.); (R.A.I.)
- Correspondence: (E.V.-B.-P.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Carolina Geldsetzer-Mendoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.G.-M.); (R.A.I.)
| | - Rodrigo A. Ibáñez
- Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.G.-M.); (R.A.I.)
- Center for Dairy Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - José Ramón Rodríguez
- Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Alimentarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Independencia 631, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
| | - Christian Alvarado-Gillis
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Alimentarias, Instituto de Producción Animal, Universidad Austral de Chile, Independencia 631, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
| | - Juan P. Keim
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Alimentarias, Instituto de Producción Animal, Universidad Austral de Chile, Independencia 631, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
- Correspondence: (E.V.-B.-P.); (J.P.K.)
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Effect of feeding hay vs. silages of various types to dairy cows on feed intake, milk composition and coagulation properties. J DAIRY RES 2020; 87:334-340. [PMID: 32900394 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029920000801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This research paper addresses the hypotheses (1) that milk produced from hay-fed cows differs from that of silage-fed cows and (2) that silage type has an important impact, too. Four diets differing in forage type but with equal estimated milk production potential and a forage:concentrate ratio of 0.85 : 0.15 were compared regarding their effect on feed intake, milk yield and milk properties. The forages tested were hay, grass silage, conventional short-chopped and long-chopped maize silage subjected to a novel processing technology (Shredlage®). Twenty-four dairy cows were fed two of the four diets in two consecutive runs in an incomplete (4 × 2) Latin-square design (n = 12 per diet). Each experimental period lasted 22 d, with 12 d of adaptation and 10 d of sampling. During sampling, feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily, milk composition and coagulation properties were determined four times. The composition of the diet ingredients was analysed weekly. Data were analysed with a mixed model considering feed, period and their interaction as fixed effects. Stage of lactation, milk yield and milk composition from the pre-experimental period were used as covariates in the model. Dry matter intake was lower with the long-chopped processed maize silage compared to the other three groups. There were some diet differences in intakes of net energy for lactation and absorbable protein in the duodenum, but this did not result in changes in milk yield. The milk fat content was higher with the grassland-based diets compared to the maize silage diets. No treatment effect on milk acidity and rennet coagulation properties was observed. In conclusion, there were no indications for specific physico-chemical properties of milk from a hay-based diet, and maize processing technology was not of large effect either. Future investigations should focus on sensory differentiation of the milk produced with different forages.
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de Souza J, Leskinen H, Lock AL, Shingfield KJ, Huhtanen P. Between-cow variation in milk fatty acids associated with methane production. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235357. [PMID: 32760112 PMCID: PMC7410208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the between-cow (b-cow) variation and repeatability in omasal and milk fatty acids (FA) related to methane (CH4) emission. The dataset was originated from 9 studies with rumen-cannulated dairy cows conducted using either a switch-back or a Latin square design. Production of CH4 per mole of VFA (Y_CH4VFA) was calculated based on VFA stoichiometry. Experiment, diet within experiment, period within experiment, and cow within experiment were considered as random factors. Empirical models were developed between the variables of interest by univariate and bivariate mixed model regression analysis. The variation associated with diet was higher than the b-cow variation with low repeatability (< 0.25) for milk odd- and branch-chain FA (OBCFA). Similarly, for de novo synthesized milk FA, diet variation was ~ 3-fold greater than the b-cow variation; repeatability for these FA was moderate to high (0.34-0.58). Also, for both cis-9 C18:1 and cis-9 cis-12 cis-15 C18:3 diet variation was more than double the b-cow variation, but repeatability was moderate. Among the de novo milk FA, C4:0 was positively related with stoichiometric Y_CH4VFA, while for OBCFA, anteiso C15:0 and C15:0 were negatively related with it. Notably, when analyzing the relationship between omasal FA and milk FA we observed positive intercept estimates for all the OBCFA, which may indicate endogenous post-ruminal synthesis of these FA, most likely in the mammary gland. For milk iso C13:0, iso C15:0, anteiso C15:0, and C15:0 were positively influenced by omasal proportion of their respective FA and by energy balance. In contrast, the concentration of milk C17:0, iso C18:0, C18:0, cis-11 C18:1, and cis-9 cis-12 cis-15 C18:3 were positively influenced by omasal proportion of their respective FA but negatively related to calculated energy balance. Our findings demonstrate that for most milk FA examined, a larger variation is attributed to diet than b-cow differences with low to moderate repeatability. While some milk FA were positively or negatively related with Y_CH4VFA, there was a pronounced effect of calculated energy balance on these estimates. Additionally, even though OBCFA have been indicated as markers of rumen function, our results suggest that endogenous synthesis of these FA may occur, which therefore, may limit the utilization of milk FA as a proxy for CH4 predictions for cows fed the same diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - H. Leskinen
- Milk Production, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - A. L. Lock
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - K. J. Shingfield
- Milk Production, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - P. Huhtanen
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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Lashkari S, Moller JW, Jensen SK, Hellgren LI, Sørensen MT, Theil PK, Sejrsen K. Fatty acid profile of phospholipids and sphingomyelin in milk and regulation of sphingomyelin synthesis of mammary glands in cows receiving increasing levels of crushed sunflower seeds. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:2255-2263. [PMID: 31954562 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing dietary supplementation of crushed sunflower seed (CSS) in the diet of dairy cows on the fatty acid (FA) composition of phospholipids and sphingomyelin in milk, and on mammary transcription of genes that are important for sphingomyelin de novo synthesis. Four groups of 6 cows received diets supplemented with CSS at 0% (control), or 5, 10, or 15% of dry matter for a 5-wk experimental period. Milk samples and mammary biopsies were collected at the end of the experiment. Phospholipid concentration in milk fat decreased linearly with CSS supplementation. Sphingomyelin concentration in milk fat was unaffected by CSS supplementation. Daily yield of phospholipids decreased linearly with CSS supplementation. Daily yield of sphingomyelin was not significantly affected. The CSS supplementation linearly increased the proportion of monounsaturated FA in milk phospholipids. The major isomer incorporated into phospholipids was C18:1 (n-9 cis), which showed a linear increase with CSS supplementation. The C22:0 proportion in sphingomyelin increased linearly with CSS supplementation and constituted between 15.2 to 25.4% of total FA in sphingomyelin. However, CSS supplementation linearly decreased C23:0 sphingomyelin. Mammary transcription of serine palmitoyl transferase, long chain subunit 1 and subunit 2, the rate-limiting enzymes in ceramide synthesis, showed a linear decrease with increasing CSS supplementation. In conclusion, the data showed that dietary supplementation of CSS linearly increased the proportion of unsaturated FA and monounsaturated FA in milk phospholipids with no effect on phospholipid concentration. In addition, CSS supplementation linearly decreased n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid proportion in sphingomyelin. The results further showed that mammary transcription of important genes for sphingomyelin de novo synthesis is regulated by lipid supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lashkari
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - J W Moller
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - S K Jensen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - L I Hellgren
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M T Sørensen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - P K Theil
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - K Sejrsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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10
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Seguel G, Keim JP, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Geldsetzer-Mendoza C, Ibáñez RA, Alvarado-Gilis C. Effect of forage brassicas in dairy cow diets on the fatty acid profile and sensory characteristics of Chanco and Ricotta cheeses. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:228-241. [PMID: 31704005 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In humid temperate regions, forage turnip (Brassica rapa ssp. rapa) and forage rape (Brassica napus ssp. biennis) are common fodder crops used for dairy cattle during the summer season. However, there is little scientific information regarding the use of brassicas and their effect on the fatty acid (FA) profile in blood, milk, and milk products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of forage brassica supplementation in dairy cows on the FA profile of blood plasma, milk, and cheese, and on the sensory characteristics of Chanco and Ricotta cheeses. Twelve multiparous dairy cows (Holstein Friesian) were housed and submitted to a 3 × 3 replicated (n = 3) Latin square design with 3 treatments (control, turnip, or rape) in 3 periods of 21 d each (14 d of diet adaptation and 7 d of measurements). The control diet consisted of 16.20 kg of grass silage (Lolium perenne), 2.25 kg of soybean bran, and 2.25 kg of commercial concentrate, all on a dry matter (DM) basis. In the treatments with forage brassicas, 24.15% of the total DM was replaced by turnip or rape; thus, they consisted of 12.25 kg of silage, 2.25 kg of soybean bran, 1.2 kg of concentrate, and 5 kg of turnip or rape (DM basis). A principal components analysis was performed on the results of the cheese sensory evaluation. Supplementation with turnip or rape modified the profile of FA in blood plasma and milk, increasing the saturated fraction, mainly short- and medium-chain FA, and decreasing the mono- and polyunsaturated FA. In the sensory evaluation, diet did not affect any of the 18 attributes evaluated. However, in the principal components analysis, cheeses made with milk from animals fed turnip and rape were differentiated by increased odor, flavor, spiciness, bitterness, and acidity. Overall, brassicas can be used as an alternative forage source with no negative effects on sensory characteristics of cheeses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Seguel
- Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile 5110566
| | - Juan Pablo Keim
- Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile 5110566
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, C. P. 6904411 Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Geldsetzer-Mendoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, C. P. 6904411 Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Ibáñez
- Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, C. P. 6904411 Santiago, Chile; Wisconsin Center for Dairy Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - Christian Alvarado-Gilis
- Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile 5110566.
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Delavaud C, Fougère H, Chilliard Y, Bernard L. The Dietary Addition of Fish Oil or Sunflower Oil Plus Starch Differently Modulates the Lipid Classes in Plasma of Lactating Cows and Goats. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201900075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carole Delavaud
- Université Clermont AuvergneINRA, VetAgro SupUMR HerbivoresF‐63122Saint‐Genès‐ChampanelleFrance
| | - Hélène Fougère
- Université Clermont AuvergneINRA, VetAgro SupUMR HerbivoresF‐63122Saint‐Genès‐ChampanelleFrance
| | - Yves Chilliard
- Université Clermont AuvergneINRA, VetAgro SupUMR HerbivoresF‐63122Saint‐Genès‐ChampanelleFrance
| | - Laurence Bernard
- Université Clermont AuvergneINRA, VetAgro SupUMR HerbivoresF‐63122Saint‐Genès‐ChampanelleFrance
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Bernard L, Bonnet M, Delavaud C, Delosière M, Ferlay A, Fougère H, Graulet B. Milk Fat Globule in Ruminant: Major and Minor Compounds, Nutritional Regulation and Differences Among Species. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Bernard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Muriel Bonnet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Carole Delavaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Mylène Delosière
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Anne Ferlay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Hélène Fougère
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Benoît Graulet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
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Sardesai VS, Shafiee A, Fisk NM, Pelekanos RA. Avoidance of Maternal Cell Contamination and Overgrowth in Isolating Fetal Chorionic Villi Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Term Placenta. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1070-1084. [PMID: 28205414 PMCID: PMC5442838 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.15-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human placenta is rich in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC), with their origin widely presumed fetal. Cultured placental MSCs are confounded by a high frequency of maternal cell contamination. Our recent systematic review concluded that only a small minority of placental MSC publications report fetal/maternal origin, and failed to discern a specific methodology for isolation of fetal MSC from term villi. We determined isolation conditions to yield fetal and separately maternal MSC during ex vivo expansion from human term placenta. MSCs were isolated via a range of methods in combination; selection from various chorionic regions, different commercial media, mononuclear cell digest and/or explant culture. Fetal and maternal cell identities were quantitated in gender‐discordant pregnancies by XY chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization. We first demonstrated reproducible maternal cell contamination in MSC cultures from all chorionic anatomical locations tested. Cultures in standard media rapidly became composed entirely of maternal cells despite isolation from fetal villi. To isolate pure fetal cells, we validated a novel isolation procedure comprising focal dissection from the cotyledonary core, collagenase/dispase digestion and explant culture in endothelial growth media that selected, and provided a proliferative environment, for fetal MSC. Comparison of MSC populations within the same placenta confirmed fetal to be smaller, more osteogenic and proliferative than maternal MSC. We conclude that in standard media, fetal chorionic villi‐derived MSC (CV‐MSC) do not grow readily, whereas maternal MSC proliferate to result in maternal overgrowth during culture. Instead, fetal CV‐MSCs require isolation under specific conditions, which has implications for clinical trials using placental MSC. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1070–1084
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda S Sardesai
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas M Fisk
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Prenatal Care, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rebecca A Pelekanos
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau A, Shingfield KJ, Simpura I, Kokkonen T, Jaakkola S, Toivonen V, Vanhatalo A. Effect of incremental amounts of camelina oil on milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed diets based on a mixture of grass and red clover silage and concentrates containing camelina expeller. J Dairy Sci 2016; 100:305-324. [PMID: 27865509 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Camelina is an ancient oilseed crop that produces an oil rich in cis-9,cis-12 18:2 (linoleic acid, LA) and cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 18:3 (α-linolenic acid, ALA); however, reports on the use of camelina oil (CO) for ruminants are limited. The present study investigated the effects of incremental CO supplementation on animal performance, milk fatty acid (FA) composition, and milk sensory quality. Eight Finnish Ayrshire cows (91d in milk) were used in replicated 4×4 Latin squares with 21-d periods. Treatments comprised 4 concentrates (12kg/d on an air-dry basis) based on cereals and camelina expeller containing 0 (control), 2, 4, or 6% CO on an air-dry basis. Cows were offered a mixture of grass and red clover silage (RCS; 1:1 on a dry matter basis) ad libitum. Incremental CO supplementation linearly decreased silage and total dry matter intake, and linearly increased LA, ALA, and total FA intake. Treatments had no effect on whole-tract apparent organic matter or fiber digestibility and did not have a major influence on rumen fermentation. Supplements of CO quadratically decreased daily milk and lactose yields and linearly decreased milk protein yield and milk taste panel score from 4.2 to 3.6 [on a scale of 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent)], without altering milk fat yield. Inclusion of CO linearly decreased the proportions of saturated FA synthesized de novo (4:0 to 16:0), without altering milk fat 18:0, cis-9 18:1, LA, and ALA concentrations. Milk fat 18:0 was low (<5g/100g of FA) across all treatments. Increases in CO linearly decreased the proportions of total saturates from 58 to 45g/100g of FA and linearly enriched trans-11 18:1, cis-9,trans-11 18:2, and trans-11,cis-15 18:2 from 5.2, 2.6, and 1.7 to 11, 4.3, and 5.8g/100g of FA, respectively. Furthermore, CO quadratically decreased milk fat trans-10 18:1 and linearly decreased trans-10,cis-12 18:2 concentration. Overall, milk FA composition on all treatments suggested that one or more components in camelina seeds may inhibit the complete reduction of 18-carbon unsaturates in the rumen. In conclusion, CO decreased the secretion of saturated FA in milk and increased those of the trans-11 biohydrogenation pathway or their desaturation products. Despite increasing the intake of 18-carbon unsaturated FA, CO had no effect on the secretions of 18:0, cis-9 18:1, LA, or ALA in milk. Concentrates containing camelina expeller and 2% CO could be used for the commercial production of low-saturated milk from grass- and RCS-based diets without major adverse effects on animal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Science, Helsinki, PO Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - K J Shingfield
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland; Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - I Simpura
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Science, Helsinki, PO Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Kokkonen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Science, Helsinki, PO Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Jaakkola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Science, Helsinki, PO Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - V Toivonen
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - A Vanhatalo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Science, Helsinki, PO Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Leskinen H, Viitala S, Mutikainen M, Kairenius P, Tapio I, Taponen J, Bernard L, Vilkki J, Shingfield KJ. Ruminal Infusions of Cobalt EDTA Modify Milk Fatty Acid Composition via Decreases in Fatty Acid Desaturation and Altered Gene Expression in the Mammary Gland of Lactating Cows. J Nutr 2016; 146:976-85. [PMID: 27075908 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.226100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous or ruminal infusion of lithium salt of cobalt EDTA (Co-EDTA) or cobalt-acetate alters milk fat composition in cattle, but the mechanisms involved are not known. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the effect of ruminal Co-EDTA infusion on milk FA composition, mammary lipid metabolism, and mammary lipogenic gene expression. METHODS For the experiment, 4 cows in midlactation and fitted with rumen cannulae were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square with 28-d periods. Co-EDTA was administered in the rumen to supply 0, 1.5, 3.0, or 4.5 g Co/d over an 18-d interval with a 10-d washout between experimental periods. Milk production was recorded daily, and milk FA composition was determined on alternate days. Mammary tissue was biopsied on day 16, and arteriovenous differences of circulating lipid fractions and FA uptake across the mammary gland were measured on day 18. RESULTS Co-EDTA had no effect on intake, proportions of rumen volatile FA, or milk production but caused dose-dependent changes in milk FA composition. Alterations in milk fat composition were evident within 3 d of infusion and characterized by linear or quadratic decreases (P < 0.05) in FAs containing a cis-9 double bond, an increase in 4:0 and 16:0, and linear decreases in milk 8:0, 10:0, 12:0, and 14:0 concentrations. Co-EDTA progressively decreased (P < 0.05) the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)-catalyzed desaturation of FAs in the mammary gland by up to 72% but had no effect on mammary SCD1 mRNA or SCD protein abundance. Changes in milk FA composition were accompanied by altered expression of specific genes involved in de novo FA and triacylglycerol synthesis. CONCLUSION Ruminal infusion of Co-EDTA alters milk FA composition in cattle via a mechanism that involves decreases in the desaturation of FAs synthesized de novo or extracted from blood and alterations in mammary lipogenic gene expression, without affecting milk fat yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Leskinen
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Sirja Viitala
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Mervi Mutikainen
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Piia Kairenius
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Ilma Tapio
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Juhani Taponen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laurence Bernard
- Adipose Tissue and Milk Lipid Laboratory, Herbivore Research Unit, INRA-Theix, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; and
| | - Johanna Vilkki
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Kevin J Shingfield
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland; Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
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Khiaosa-ard R, Kreuzer M, Leiber F. Apparent recovery of C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids from feed in cow milk: A meta-analysis of the importance of dietary fatty acids and feeding regimens in diets without fat supplementation. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:6399-414. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau A, Vanhatalo A, Toivonen V, Heikkilä T, Lee MRF, Shingfield KJ. Effect of replacing grass silage with red clover silage on nutrient digestion, nitrogen metabolism, and milk fat composition in lactating cows fed diets containing a 60:40 forage-to-concentrate ratio. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:3761-76. [PMID: 24679932 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Diets based on red clover silage (RCS) typically increase the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in ruminant meat and milk and lower the efficiency of N utilization compared with grass silages (GS). Four multiparous Finnish Ayrshire cows (108 d postpartum) fitted with rumen cannulas were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods to evaluate the effect of incremental replacement of GS with RCS on milk production, nutrient digestion, whole-body N metabolism, and milk fatty acid composition. Treatments comprised total mixed rations offered ad libitum, containing 600 g of forage/kg of diet dry matter (DM), with RCS replacing GS in ratios of 0:100, 33:67, 67:33, and 100:0 on a DM basis. Intake of DM and milk yield tended to be higher when RCS and GS were offered as a mixture than when fed alone. Forage species had no influence on the concentration or secretion of total milk fat, whereas replacing GS with RCS tended to decrease milk protein concentration and yield. Substitution of GS with RCS decreased linearly whole-tract apparent organic matter, fiber, and N digestion. Forage species had no effect on total nonammonia N at the omasum, whereas the flow of most AA at the omasum was higher for diets based on a mixture of forages. Replacing GS with RCS progressively lowered protein degradation in the rumen, increased linearly ruminal escape of dietary protein, and decreased linearly microbial protein synthesis. Incremental inclusion of RCS in the diet tended to lower whole-body N balance, increased linearly the proportion of dietary N excreted in feces and urine, and decreased linearly the utilization of dietary N for milk protein synthesis. Furthermore, replacing GS with RCS decreased linearly milk fat 4:0 to 8:0, 14:0, and 16:0 concentrations and increased linearly 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 concentrations, in the absence of changes in cis-9 18:1, cis-9, trans-11 18:2, or total trans fatty acid concentration. Inclusion of RCS in the diet progressively increased the apparent transfer of 18-carbon PUFA from the diet into milk, but had no effect on the amount of 18:2n-6 or 18:3n-3 at the omasum recovered in milk. In conclusion, forage species modified ruminal N metabolism, the flow of AA at the omasum, and whole-body N partitioning. A lower efficiency of N utilization for milk protein synthesis with RCS relative to GS was associated with decreased availability of AA for absorption, with some evidence of an imbalance in the supply of AA relative to requirements. Higher enrichment of PUFA in milk for diets based on RCS was related to an increased supply for absorption, with no indication that forage species substantially altered PUFA bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau
- MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland; University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Vanhatalo
- University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - V Toivonen
- MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - T Heikkilä
- MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - M R F Lee
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - K J Shingfield
- MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland.
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