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Ciftci B, Kaplan M, Akcura M, Buyukkilic Beyzi S. Assessment of nutritive value, gas and methane production, fermentation of ensiled mixtures of sorghum–cluster bean. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2165087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Ciftci
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Kaplan
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mevlut Akcura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Selma Buyukkilic Beyzi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
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Zhai J, Wang B, Sun Y, Yang J, Zhou J, Wang T, Zhang W, Qi C, Guo Y. Effects of Aspergillus niger on cyanogenic glycosides removal and fermentation qualities of ratooning sorghum. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1128057. [PMID: 36891380 PMCID: PMC9986436 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1128057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cyanogenic glycosides (CNglcs) are bioactive plant products involving in plant defense against herbivores by virtue of their abilities to release toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Aspergillus niger has been shown to be effective in producing β-glucosidase, which could degrade CNglcs. However, whether A. niger could remove CNglcs under ensiling conditions is still unknown. Methods In this study, we first investigated the HCN contents in ratooning sorghums for two years, then the sorghums were ensiled with or without the addition of A. niger. Results Two years' investigation indicated that the contents of HCN in fresh ratooning sorghum were larger than 801 mg/kg FW (fresh weight), which could not be reduced by silage fermentation under safety threshold (200 mg/kg FW). A. niger could produce β-glucosidase over a range of pH and temperature, which degraded the CNglcs and removed the hydrogen cyanide (HCN) at early days of ratooning sorghum fermentation. The addition of A. niger (2.56 × 107 CFU/ml) altered the microbial community, increased bacterial diversity, improved the nutritive qualities, and reduced the HCN contents in ensiled ratooning sorghum lower than 100 mg/kg FW after 60 days of fermentation. Overall, the addition of 150 ml A. niger + 50 ml sterile water per 3 kg silage could efficiently remove CNglcs from ratooning sorghum silage. Conclusion In conclusion, A. niger could produce β-glucosidase which degraded the CNglcs during the early days of fermentation, benefiting the ensiling process and improving the utilization of ratooning sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Zhai
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingpeng Sun
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Zhou
- Chongqing Jiangxiaobai Farm Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenlan Zhang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cai Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Serva L, Magrin L, Andrighetto I, Marchesini G. Short communication: The relationship between dietary particle size and undegraded neutral detergent fibre in lactating dairy cows: A prospective cohort observational study. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ran T, Tang SX, Yu X, Hou ZP, Hou FJ, Beauchemin KA, Yang WZ, Wu DQ. Diets varying in ratio of sweet sorghum silage to corn silage for lactating dairy cows: Feed intake, milk production, blood biochemistry, ruminal fermentation, and ruminal microbial community. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:12600-12615. [PMID: 34419272 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of partial substitution of corn silage (CS) with sweet sorghum silage (SS) in the diets of lactating dairy cows on dry matter (DM) intake, milk yield and composition, blood biochemistry, and ruminal fermentation and microbial community. Thirty mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows [mean ± standard deviation; 639 ± 42.0 kg of body weight; 112 ± 24.0 d in milk (DIM)] were assigned to 3 groups (n = 10/treatment) by considering parity, milk yield, and DIM. The cows were fed ad libitum total mixed rations containing 55% forage and 45% concentrate, with only the proportion of CS and SS varying in 3 treatments (DM basis): SS0 (0% substitution of CS), 40% CS and 0% SS; SS25 (25% substitution of CS), 30% CS and 10% SS; and SS50 (50% substitution of CS), 20% CS and 20% SS. Dry matter intake and milk protein concentration tended to linearly decrease with increasing proportion of SS in the diet. Yields of milk (mean ± standard deviation, 30.9 ± 1.12 kg/d), 4% fat-corrected milk (30.0 ± 0.81 kg/d), energy-corrected milk, milk protein, lactose, and total solids, concentrations of milk fat, lactose, somatic cell counts, and milk efficiency did not differ among diets. The concentrations in blood of urea nitrogen, phosphorus, aspartate aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde linearly increased with increasing SS proportion. Blood IgA decreased with increasing SS substitution rate, but blood IgG and IgM were not different among diets. Ruminal pH did not differ among diets, whereas ruminal NH3-N concentration quadratically changed such that it was greater for SS50 than for SS0 and SS25. Molar proportions of propionate and acetate to propionate ratio were less for SS25 than for SS0. Although the diversity and general ruminal microbial community structure were not altered by partially replacing CS with SS, the relative abundances of predominant bacteria were affected by diets at the phylum and genus levels. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were dominant phyla in the ruminal bacterial community for all diets, and their relative abundance linearly decreased and increased, respectively, with increasing SS substitution rate. Prevotella_1 and Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group were detected as the most and the second most abundant genera, with their relative abundance linearly increased and decreased, respectively, with increasing SS substitution rate. The relative abundance of Fibrobacter linearly increased with increasing dietary SS proportion, with greater abundance observed for SS25 and SS50 than for SS0. These results suggest that substitution of CS with SS altered the relative abundances of some predominant bacteria; however, these changes had little effect on ruminal fermentation and milk yield. Under the current experimental conditions, substituting up to 50% of CS with SS had no negative effects on milk yield, indicating that SS can partially replace CS in the diets of high-producing lactating dairy cows without adding extra grain, when diets are fed for a short time. As the effects of substituting CS with SS depend upon the chemical composition and digestibility of these silages and the nutrient requirements of the cows, additional grain may be required in some cases to compensate for the lower starch content of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ran
- College of Pastoral Science and Technology, University of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - S X Tang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - X Yu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Z P Hou
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - F J Hou
- College of Pastoral Science and Technology, University of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - K A Beauchemin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - W Z Yang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - D Q Wu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China.
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Puntillo M, Gaggiotti M, Oteiza JM, Binetti A, Massera A, Vinderola G. Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Different Forages as Silage Inoculants for Improving Fermentation Quality and Aerobic Stability. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:586716. [PMID: 33363520 PMCID: PMC7752947 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.586716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed at isolating lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from different plant materials to study their crossed-fermentation capacity in silos and to find strains able to confer enhanced aerobic stability to silage. A total of 129 LAB isolates were obtained from lucerne (alfalfa), maize, sorghum, ryegrass, rice, barley, canola, Gatton panic, Melilotus albus, soy, white clover, wheat, sunflower, oat, and moha. Four Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum strains (isolated from oat, lucerne, sorghum, or maize) were selected for their growth capacity. Identity (16S sequencing) and diversity (RAPD-PCR) were confirmed. Fermentative capacity (inoculated at 104, 105, 106, 107 CFU/g) was studied in maize silage and their cross-fermentation capacity was assessed in oat, lucerne, sorghum, and maize. Heterofermentative strains with the highest acetic acid production capacity conferred higher aerobic stability to maize silages. Regardless the source of isolation, L. plantarum strains, inoculated at a rate of 106 CFU/g, were effective to produce silage from different plant materials. From more than 100 isolates obtained, the application of a succession of experiments allowed us to narrow down the number of potential candidates of silage inoculants to two strains. Based on the studies made, L. plantarum LpM15 and Limosilactobacillus fermentum LfM1 showed potential to be used as inoculants, however further studies are needed to determine their performance when inoculated together. The former because it positively influenced different quality parameters in oat, lucerne, sorghum, and maize silage, and the latter because of its capacity to confer enhanced aerobic stability to maize silage. The rest of the strains constitute a valuable collection of autochthonous strains that will be further studied in the future for new applications in animal or human foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Puntillo
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mónica Gaggiotti
- Laboratorio de Calidad de Leche y Agroindustria, INTA EEA Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Juan Martín Oteiza
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia Técnica a la Industria, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Ana Binetti
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ariel Massera
- Laboratorio de Calidad de Leche y Agroindustria, INTA EEA Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Vinderola
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Guo W, Guo X, Zhu B, Guo Y, Zhou X. In situ degradation, ruminal fermentation, and the rumen bacterial community of cattle fed corn stover fermented by lignocellulolytic microorganisms. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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DAS MM, SINGH KK, RAI AK, MAHANTA SK. Effect of feeding micronutrient fertilized sorghum hay based diet on nutrient utilization and mineral balance in sheep. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v88i8.82956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The present work was undertaken to study the effect of feeding micro-nutrient rich sorghum hay in the diet of sheep on nutrient intake and its utilization. Twelve adult Jalauni sheep (weighing 39.11±1.02 kg) were randomly divided into 2 groups of 6 animals each. The sheep of control group (G1) were fed on NPK fertilized chopped sorghum hay and crushed barley grain (300g/d) based ration, while the sheep of group G2 were offered NPK + 50% recommended dose of micronutrients (Zn, Mn and Cu 10, 5 and 2.5 kg/ha) + seed priming in 0.05% solution of ZnSO4 for 12 h + VAM inoculated sorghum hay along with barley grain (300g/d) for 30 days. Micro-nutrient (Cu, Zn and Mn) fertilization improved mineral content (ppm) in sorghum hay for Cu (7.47 vs 9.22), Zn (22.69 vs 27.48) and Mn (73.56 vs 102.01). The effective intake of minerals was Cu, 8.71and 10.06, Zn, 26.23 and 30.18; Mn, 62.59 and 86.05 ppm in G1and G2, respectively. The additional mineral supplementation through micronutrient rich sorghum hay had no significant effect on dry matter intake. Similarly, the intakes of digestible crude protein, metabolizable energy and digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, ADF, were also comparable among the groups. However, micro-nutrient (Cu, Zn and Mn) supplementation through fodder sorghum improved the mineral retention (Cu 2.84 vs 3.72 mg/d, Zn 11.72 vs 15.46 mg/d and Mn 26.19 vs 40.28 mg/d) without affecting significantly the absorption coefficient in adult sheep. The apparent absorption and retention of N was positive and comparable between thegroups. Nutrient content (%) in terms of DCP and TDN in both type diets fed to sheep were also similar. Thus, it can be concluded that micro-nutrient (Cu, Zn and Mn) application to fodder sorghum improved the mineral content in the fodder, and feeding of micronutrient fertilized sorghum hay based diet improve the intake and retention of micro-minerals significantly without affecting nutrient intake and nutrient utilization in adult Jalauni sheep.
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Chen L, Li J, Dong Z, Yuan X, Shao T. Effects of applying oil-extracted microalgae on the fermentation quality, feed-nutritive value and aerobic stability of ensiled sweet sorghum. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:4462-4470. [PMID: 29457650 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A laboratory-silo study was conducted to evaluate the fermentation quality, feed-nutritive value and aerobic stability of sweet sorghum silage with or without oil-extracted microalgae supplementation. Sweet sorghum was mixed with four microalgae levels (0%, 1%, 2% and 3% on a dry matter basis; control, M1, M2 and M3, respectively) and ensiled for 45 d. Further, the four experimental silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test lasting 7 d. RESULTS All the silages except M3 silage had good fermentative characteristics with low pH and ammonia nitrogen concentrations, and high lactic acid concentrations and favorable microbial parameters. Meanwhile, oil-extracted microalgae supplementation improved the feed-nutritional value of sweet sorghum silage. Fibre (neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin and cellulose) concentrations decreased, while dry matter and crude protein levels markedly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control (69.7 h), treatments M2 and M3 improved the aerobic stability of sweet sorghum silage by 43.8% and more than 143% respectively, and decreased the clostridia spore counts during the stage of air exposure. CONCLUSION Sweet sorghum silage produced with 2% oil-extracted microalgae addition was the most suitable for animal use due to the optimal balance of fermentation quality, feed-nutritional value and aerobic stability, which merits further in vivo studies using grazing ruminants. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianjun Yuan
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Borreani G, Tabacco E, Schmidt R, Holmes B, Muck R. Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:3952-3979. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Muck R, Nadeau E, McAllister T, Contreras-Govea F, Santos M, Kung L. Silage review: Recent advances and future uses of silage additives. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:3980-4000. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Effect of homofermentative lactic acid bacteria and exogenous hydrolytic enzymes on the ensiling characteristics and rumen degradability of alfalfa and corn silages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15232/pas.2015-01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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