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Fonseca PAS, Lam S, Chen Y, Waters SM, Guan LL, Cánovas A. Multi-breed host rumen epithelium transcriptome and microbiome associations and their relationship with beef cattle feed efficiency. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16209. [PMID: 37758745 PMCID: PMC10533831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding host-microbial interactions in the rumen and its influence on desirable production traits may lead to potential microbiota manipulation or genetic selection for improved cattle feed efficiency. This study investigated the host transcriptome and its correlation with the rumen archaea and bacteria differential abundance of two pure beef cattle breeds (Angus and Charolais) and one composite beef hybrid (Kinsella) divergent for residual feed intake (RFI; low-RFI vs. high-RFI). Using RNA-Sequencing of rumen tissue and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, differentially expressed genes (FDR ≤ 0.05, |log2(Fold-change) >|2) and differentially abundant (p-value < 0.05) archaea and bacteria amplicon sequence variants (ASV) were determined. Significant correlations between gene expression and ASVs (p-value < 0.05) were determine using Spearman correlation. Interesting associations with muscle contraction and the modulation of the immune system were observed for the genes correlated with bacterial ASVs. Potential functional candidate genes for feed efficiency status were identified for Angus (CCL17, CCR3, and CXCL10), Charolais (KCNK9, GGT1 and IL6), and Kinsella breed (ESR2). The results obtained here provide more insights regarding the applicability of target host and rumen microbial traits for the selection and breeding of more feed efficient beef cattle.
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Grants
- Beef Farmers of Ontario, Genome Canada and the Sustainable Beef and Forage Science Cluster funded by the Canadian Beef Cattle Check-Off, Beef Cattle Research Council (BCRC), Alberta Beef Producers, Alberta Cattle Feeders’ Association, Beef Farmers of Ontario, La Fédération des Productuers de bovins du Québec, and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada’s Canadian Agricultural Partnership
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA), Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, and the Ontario Agri-Food Innovation Alliance
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Affiliation(s)
- P A S Fonseca
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - S Lam
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Y Chen
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agriculture, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6H 2P5, Canada
| | - S M Waters
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, C15 PW93, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - L L Guan
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agriculture, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6H 2P5, Canada
| | - A Cánovas
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Su Y, Cheng Z, Liu W, Wu T, Wang W, Lin M. Effects of rumen-protective γ-aminobutyric acid additive on lactation performance and serum biochemistry in heat-stressed cows. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1228155. [PMID: 37808113 PMCID: PMC10556515 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1228155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of global warming, heat stress has become one of the major stress factors limiting dairy cattle production. Although many methods have been explored to help cows mitigate the negative effects of heat stress during the hot summer months, maintaining the performance of high-yielding cows under heat stress is still a great challenge. The aim of this trial was to investigate the effect of RP-GABA in the diet on milk yield, milk composition and serum biochemical parameters in heat-stressed cows. Twenty Chinese Holstein cows in early lactation (51.00 ± 4.92 kg milk/d, 71 ± 10.94 d in milk and 2.68 ± 0.73 parities) were included in this experiment and randomly divided into four groups (n = 5/group). The four experimental groups consisted of one control group (0 g RP-GABA/d) and three treatment groups, given 5, 7.5 and 10 g RP-GABA/d of dry matter (DM) per cow, respectively. The results showed that supplementing high-yielding cows with 10 g/d of RP-GABA improved milk protein production but had no effect on the improvement of other production performance, the alleviation of heat stress in cows, or the improvement of immune function and antioxidant capacity. Ultimately, we conclude that the supplementation of 10 g/d RP-GABA to heat-stressed, high-yielding dairy cows can provide a degree of performance enhancement. Furthermore, our study provides some reference for nutritional improvement measures for summer heat stress in dairy cows, especially high-yielding cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wengboyang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Miao Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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3
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Jiang F, Gao Y, Peng Z, Ma X, You Y, Hu Z, He A, Liao Y. Isoacids supplementation improves growth performance and feed fiber digestibility associated with ruminal bacterial community in yaks. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1175880. [PMID: 37396385 PMCID: PMC10311502 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1175880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study was conducted to assess the effect of mixed isoacid (MI) supplementation on fermentation characteristics, nutrient apparent digestibility, growth performance, and rumen bacterial community in yaks. Methods A 72-h in vitro fermentation experiment was performed on an ANKOM RF gas production system. MI was added to five treatments at doses of 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5% on the dry matter (DM) basis of substrates using a total of 26 bottles (4 bottles per treatment and 2 bottles as the blank). Cumulative gas production was measured at 4, 8, 16, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h. Fermentation characteristics including pH, the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), microbial proteins (MCP), and the disappearance rate of dry matter (DMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDFD), and acid detergent fiber (ADFD) were measured after a 72-h in vitro fermentation to determine an optimal MI dose. Fourteen Maiwa male yaks (180-220 kg, 3-4 years old of age) were randomly assigned to the control group (without MI, n = 7) and the supplemented MI group (n = 7, supplemented with 0.3% MI on DM basis) for the 85-d animal experiment. Growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters, and rumen bacterial diversity were measured. Results Supplementation with 0.3% MI achieved the greatest propionate and butyrate content, NDFD and ADFD compared with other groups (P < 0.05). Therefore, 0.3% was used for the animal experiment. Supplementation with 0.3% MI significantly increased the apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF (P < 0.05), and the average daily weight gain of yaks (P < 0.05) without affecting the ruminal concentration of NH3-N, MCP, and VFAs. 0.3% MI induced rumen bacteria to form significantly different communities when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). g__norank_f__Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group, g__norank_f__Muribaculaceae, g__Veillonellaceae_UCG-001, g__Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group, g__norank_f__norank_o__RF39 and g__Flexilinea were identified as the biomarker taxa in responding to supplementation with 0.3% MI. Meanwhile, the abundance of g__Flexilinea and g__norank_f__norank_o__RF39 were significantly positively correlated with the NDF digestibility (P < 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, supplementation with 0.3% MI improved the in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics, feed fiber digestibility, and growth performance in yaks, which was associated with changes of the abundance of g__Flexilinea and g__norank_f__norank_o__RF39.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jiang
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhua Gao
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resources Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, China
- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongli Peng
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resources Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, China
- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiulian Ma
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinjie You
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anxiang He
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Science, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Kangding, China
| | - Yupeng Liao
- Si Chuan Action Biotech Co., Ltd., Guanghan, China
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Yao C, Shi F, Wang X. Chromosomal editing of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 to produce gamma-aminobutyric acid. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:7-21. [PMID: 35106837 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum has been used as a sustainable microbial producer for various bioproducts using cheap biomass resources. In this study, a high GABA-producing C. glutamicum strain was constructed by chromosomal editing. Lactobacillus brevis-derived gadB2 was introduced into the chromosome of C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 to produce gamma-aminobutyric acid and simultaneously blocked the biosynthesis of lactate and acetate. GABA transport and degradation in C. glutamicum were also blocked to improve GABA production. As precursor of GABA, l-glutamic acid synthesis in C. glutamicum was enhanced by introducing E. coli gdhA encoding glutamic dehydrogenase, and the copy numbers of gdhA and gadB2 were also optimized for higher GABA production. The final C. glutamicum strain CGY705 could produce 33.17 g/L GABA from glucose in a 2.4-L bioreactor after 78 h fed-batch fermentation. Since all deletion and expression of genes were performed using chromosomal editing, fermentation of the GABA-producing strains constructed in this study does not need supplementation of any antibiotics and inducers. The strategy used in this study has potential value in the development of GABA-producing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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The Effect of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Addition on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics and Methane Production of Diets Differing in Forage-to-Concentrate Ratio. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), known as the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, can permeate ruminal epithelia by passive diffusion and enrich in the rumen environment. To explore whether the addition of GABA can regulate rumen fermentation characteristics as well as methane production, a 2 × 6 factorial in vitro rumen batch culture was conducted to determine the supplemental effect of GABA at inclusion levels of 0 (Control), 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg in culture fluids on rumen fermentation of two total mixed rations (HF—a high-fiber ration consisted of 70% corn silage and 30% concentrate; and LF—a low-fiber ration consisted of 30% corn silage and 70% concentrate). After 72 h in vitro incubation of two rations with mixed rumen microoganisms obtained from five rumen-cannulated lactating Holstein dairy cows, increasing GABA addition linearly increased cumulative gas production in the LF group, though in vitro dry matter digestibility was not affected in either the LF or HF group. Kinetic gas production analysis noted that increasing GABA addition mostly decreased the gas production rate (i.e., RmaxG), as well as the ration digestion rate (RmaxS) to reach maximum fermentation. The GABA addition did not affect pH or microbial growth (i.e., MCP). However, total volatile fatty acid production in both LF and HF groups all linearly increased with the increase in GABA addition. Along with the increase in GABA addition in both LF and HF groups, the ratio of non-glucogenic to glucogenic volatile fatty acids both increased, while the molar proportions of propionate and valerate were significantly decreased, and the acetate and butyrate proportions were increased after 72 h in vitro rumen fermentation. The time-course change of fermentation end-products generally showed that carbon dioxide declined from approximately 89% to 74%, and methane increased from approximately 11% to 26%. After 72 h in vitro fermentation, molar methane proportion was greater in the LF than in the HF group, and increasing GABA addition quadratically increased methane production in the LF group while a slight increase occurred in the HF group.
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Javaid A, Wang F, Horst EA, Diaz-Rubio ME, Wang LF, Baumgard LH, McFadden JW. Effects of acute intravenous lipopolysaccharide administration on the plasma lipidome and metabolome in lactating Holstein cows experiencing hyperlipidemia. Metabolomics 2022; 18:75. [PMID: 36125563 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effects of lipopolysaccharides (i.e., endotoxin; LPS) on metabolism are poorly defined in lactating dairy cattle experiencing hyperlipidemia. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to explore the effects of acute intravenous LPS administration on metabolism in late-lactation Holstein cows experiencing hyperlipidemia induced by intravenous triglyceride infusion and feed restriction. METHODS Ten non-pregnant lactating Holstein cows (273 ± 35 d in milk) were administered a single bolus of saline (3 mL of saline; n [Formula: see text] 5) or LPS (0.375 [Formula: see text]g of LPS/kg of body weight; n [Formula: see text] 5). Simultaneously, cows were intravenously infused a triglyceride emulsion and feed restricted for 16 h to induce hyperlipidemia in an attempt to model the periparturient period. Blood was sampled at routine intervals. Changes in circulating total fatty acid concentrations and inflammatory parameters were measured. Plasma samples were analyzed using untargeted lipidomics and metabolomics. RESULTS Endotoxin increased circulating serum amyloid A, LPS-binding protein, and cortisol concentrations. Endotoxin administration decreased plasma lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) concentrations and increased select plasma ceramide concentrations. These outcomes suggest modulation of the immune response and insulin action. Lipopolysaccharide decreased the ratio of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanomanine, which potentially indicate a decrease in the hepatic activation of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase and triglyceride export. Endotoxin administration also increased plasma concentrations of pyruvic and lactic acids, and decreased plasma citric acid concentrations, which implicate the upregulation of glycolysis and downregulation of the citric acid cycle (i.e., the Warburg effect), potentially in leukocytes. CONCLUSION Acute intravenous LPS administration decreased circulating LPC concentrations, modified ceramide and glycerophospholipid concentrations, and influenced intermediary metabolism in dairy cows experiencing hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Javaid
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Feiran Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Erin A Horst
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - M Elena Diaz-Rubio
- Cornell Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lin F Wang
- Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Lance H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Joseph W McFadden
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Yang L, Zhang L, Zhang P, Zhou Y, Huang X, Yan Q, Tan Z, Tang S, Wan F. Alterations in nutrient digestibility and performance of heat-stressed dairy cows by dietary L-theanine supplementation. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 11:350-358. [PMID: 36329682 PMCID: PMC9618971 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary L-theanine supplementation on apparent nutrient digestibility, milk yield, milk composition, and blood biochemical indices of dairy cows under heat stress. Thirty Chinese Holstein cows (19.84 ± 2.42 kg milk/d, 192.36 ± 40.77 d in milk and 2 ± 0.93 parities) were divided into 3 groups of 10 animals each. The control group was fed a basal total mixed ration (TMR) diet, while treatment 1 (LTA16) and treatment 2 (LTA32) groups were fed a basal TMR diet supplemented with L-theanine at 16 and 32 g/cow per day, respectively. The results showed that feeding the dairy cows with LTA16 treatment decreased (P < 0.05) their rectal temperature, whereas feeding with LTA32 treatment decreased (P < 0.05) their rumen fluid ammonia nitrogen content. In comparison to the control group, the supplementation of L-theanine had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration and molar proportion of volatile fatty acid, milk yield, milk composition, feed efficiency and antioxidant capacity of the dairy cows. The triglyceride (TG) content of the LTA32 group was significantly greater (P = 0.014) than that of the control group. With the increase in L-theanine dosage, the serum cholesterol (CHOL) content significantly increased (P = 0.013). The serum albumin (ALB; P = 0.067), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; P = 0.053), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; P = 0.067) contents showed an upward trend as L-theanine dosage increased. Ultimately, the results of this study show that supplementing dairy cow diet with L-theanine could decrease dairy cow rectal temperature, affect lipid metabolism, and potentially relieve the heat stress of dairy cows to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyuan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Lingmei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Peihua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yuli Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Xingguo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Qiongxian Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Fachun Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Disease Prevention and Breeding, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Wang H, Hao W, Yang L, Yan P, Wei S. Preconditioning with procyanidin B2 protects MAC-T cells against heat exposure-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. Mol Immunol 2022; 147:126-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chen J, Mao Y, Guo K, Wu H, Song X, Qu M, Lan L, Luo J. The synergistic effect of traditional Chinese medicine prescription and rumen-protected γ-aminobutyric acid on beef cattle under heat stress. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:807-815. [PMID: 33641203 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription or rumen-protected GABA (RP-GABA) can effectively relieve the heat stress (HS) in cattle, but the joint effects of TCM and RP-GABA on HS in beef cattle are not fully clarified. To investigate the effects of TCM or/and RP-GABA on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, serum parameters and heat shock proteins (HSPs) expression in beef cattle under HS ambient. A total of 40 Jinjiang yellow cattle were randomly divided into four groups: (a) control group (basal diet, BD), (b) TCM group (BD+TCM), (c) GABA group (BD+RP-GABA) and (d) TCM+GABA group (BD+TCM plus RP-GABA). Results indicated that the average daily feed intake (ADFI) was significantly elevated in the TCM+GABA group (p < 0.05), whereas, average daily gain (ADG) was elevated (p < 0.05) in the group of TCM (38.5%), GABA (35.4%) and TCM+GABA (41.5%) compared with the control group. Meanwhile, TCM+GABA exhibited prominently more positive effects in terms of SOD, BUN, T-CHO, TG, HDL-C and HSP70 (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) than the control and other treatment groups. Therefore, TCM or GABA can effectively moderate the HS response in beef cattle by ameliorating antioxidant capacity, serum parameters and HSPs expression, meanwhile, the combination of them exerts a synergistic effect on HS alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yaqing Mao
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control (MOA Center for Veterinary Drug Evaluation), Beijing, China
| | - Kun Guo
- Shunyi District Agricultural and Rural Burea, Beijing, China
| | - Huansheng Wu
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaozhen Song
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mingren Qu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lvtao Lan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junrong Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Luo H, Liu Z, Xie F, Bilal M, Liu L, Yang R, Wang Z. Microbial production of gamma-aminobutyric acid: applications, state-of-the-art achievements, and future perspectives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:491-512. [PMID: 33541153 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1869688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important non-protein amino acid with wide-ranging applications. Currently, GABA can be produced by a variety of methods, including chemical synthesis, plant enrichment, enzymatic methods, and microbial production. Among these methods, microbial production has gained increasing attention to meet the strict requirements of an additive in the fields of food, pharmaceutical, and livestock. In addition, renewable and abundant resources, such as glucose and lignocellulosic biomass can also be used for GABA microbial production under mild and environmentally friendly processing conditions. In this review, the applications, metabolic pathways and physiological functions of GABA in different microorganisms were firstly discussed. A comprehensive overview of the current status of process engineering strategies for enhanced GABA production, including fermentation optimization and whole-cell conversion from different feedstocks by various host strains is also provided. We also presented the state-of-the-art achievements in strain development strategies for industrial lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Corynebacterium glutamicum and Escherichia coli to enhance the performance of GABA bioproduction. In order to use bio-based GABA in the fields of food and pharmaceutical, some Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) strains such as LAB and C. glutamicum will be the promising chassis hosts. Toward the end of this review, current challenges and valuable research directions/strategies on the improvements of process and strain engineering for economic microbial production of GABA are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Luo
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Fang Xie
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Lina Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Rongling Yang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
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Chromium yeast alleviates heat stress by improving antioxidant and immune function in Holstein mid-lactation dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Chen J, Guo K, Song X, Lan L, Liu S, Hu R, Luo J. The anti-heat stress effects of Chinese herbal medicine prescriptions and rumen-protected γ-aminobutyric acid on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, and health status in beef cattle. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13361. [PMID: 32219958 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the anti-heat stress effect of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) prescription, rumen-protected γ-aminobutyric acid (RP-GABA), and CHM plus RP-GABA co-medication on growth performance, apparent digestibility, and serum parameters in heat-stressed beef cattle. Forty beef cattle were randomly divided into four groups. Control group was supplied with basal diet, while CHM, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and CHM + GABA groups were, respectively, supplied with CHM, RP-GABA, and CHM plus RP-GABA in basal diet. Our result indicated that CHM + GABA elevated apparent digestibility including crude protein, Ca, P, crude fat (CF) (p < .01), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (p < .05), but no difference was found with CF and NDF digestibility both in CHM and GABA group (p > .05). More importantly, average daily gain (ADG) was improved in CHM, GABA, and CHM + GABA groups, while average daily feed intake (ADFI) significantly increased only in CHM + GABA groups (p < .05). Meanwhile, CHM + GABA displayed notably more positive effect in serum hormones, immune globulin, ions contents, and blood inflammatory cytokines than other treatment groups and control group. These results demonstrated that both CHM and GABA are effective in alleviating heat stress response and the co-medication has a synergistic effect on anti-heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Kun Guo
- Shunyi District Agricultural and Rural Burea, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Song
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Lvtao Lan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Ruiming Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Junrong Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
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Low Expression of Sirtuin 1 in the Dairy Cows with Mild Fatty Liver Alters Hepatic Lipid Metabolism. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040560. [PMID: 32230804 PMCID: PMC7222401 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a NAD-dependent histone deacetylase, is involved in oxidative stress and lipid metabolism regulation. Limited studies exist regarding the role of SIRT1 in lipid metabolism disorder in periparturient dairy cows. This study explores the effect of hepatic steatosis on the expression of the SIRT1 gene and protein and the proteins encoded by the genes downstream to it, all of which are involved in lipid metabolism in the liver. Control cows (n = 6, parity 3.0 ± 2.0, milk production 28 ± 47 kg/d) and mild fatty liver cows (n = 6, parity 2.3 ± 1.5, milk production 20 ± 6 kg/d) were retrospectively selected based on liver triglycerides (TG) content (% wet liver). The present study indicates that low SIRT1 expression caused by hepatic steatosis promotes hepatic fatty acid synthesis and inhibits fatty acid β-oxidation. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it demonstrates that hepatic steatosis is associated with increased hepatic fatty acid synthesis, inhibited fatty acid β-oxidation and reduced lipid transport. Abstract Dairy cows usually experience negative energy balance coupled with an increased incidence of fatty liver during the periparturient period. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hepatic steatosis on the expression of the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), along with the target mRNA and protein expressions and activities related to lipid metabolism in liver tissue. Control cows (n = 6, parity 3.0 ± 2.0, milk production 28 ± 7 kg/d) and mild fatty liver cows (n = 6, parity 2.3 ± 1.5, milk production 20 ± 6 kg/d) were retrospectively selected based on liver triglycerides (TG) content (% wet liver). Compared with the control group, fatty liver cows had greater concentrations of cholesterol and TG along with the typically vacuolated appearance and greater lipid droplets in the liver. Furthermore, fatty liver cows had greater mRNA and protein abundance related to hepatic lipid synthesis proteins sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP-1c), long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL), acyl-CoA carbrolase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) and lipid transport proteins Liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and microsomal TG transfer protein (MTTP) (p < 0.05). However, they had lower mRNA and protein abundance associated with fatty acid β-oxidation proteins SIRT1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor co-activator-1 (PGC-1α), peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-α (PPARα), retinoid X receptor (RXRα), acyl-CoA 1 (ACO), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) and long- and medium-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenases (LCAD) (p < 0.05). Additionally, mRNA abundance and enzyme activity of enzymes copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) decreased and mRNA and protein abundance of p45 nuclear factor-erythroid 2 (p45 NF-E2)-related factor 1 (Nrf1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) decreased (p < 0.05). Lower enzyme activities of SIRT1, PGC-1α, Cu/Zn SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, SREBP-1c and Mn SOD (p < 0.05) and concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed in dairy cows with fatty liver. These results demonstrate that decreased SIRT1 associated with hepatic steatosis promotes hepatic fatty acid synthesis and inhibits fatty acid β-oxidation. Hence, SIRT1 may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of the fatty liver disease in dairy cows.
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Liu T, Liu Z, Li Z, Peng Y, Zhang X, Ma X, Huang L, Liu W, Nie G, He L. Regulation of Heat Shock Factor Pathways by γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Associated with Thermotolerance of Creeping Bentgrass. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194713. [PMID: 31547604 PMCID: PMC6801925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation and enhancement of heat shock factor (HSF) pathways are important adaptive responses to heat stress in plants. The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in regulating heat tolerance, but it is unclear whether GABA-induced thermotolerance is associated with activation of HSF pathways in plants. In this study, the changes of endogenous GABA level affecting physiological responses and genes involved in HSF pathways were investigated in creeping bentgrass during heat stress. The increase in endogenous GABA content induced by exogenous application of GABA effectively alleviated heat damage, as reflected by higher leaf relative water content, cell membrane stability, photosynthesis, and lower oxidative damage. Contrarily, the inhibition of GABA accumulation by the application of GABA biosynthesis inhibitor further aggravated heat damage. Transcriptional analyses showed that exogenous GABA could significantly upregulate transcript levels of genes encoding heat shock factor HSFs (HSFA-6a, HSFA-2c, and HSFB-2b), heat shock proteins (HSP17.8, HSP26.7, HSP70, and HSP90.1-b1), and ascorbate peroxidase 3 (APX3), whereas the inhibition of GABA biosynthesis depressed these genes expression under heat stress. Our results indicate GABA regulates thermotolerance associated with activation and enhancement of HSF pathways in creeping bentgrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zhaoqiao Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Linkai Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Gang Nie
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Liwen He
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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15
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Min L, Li D, Tong X, Nan X, Ding D, Xu B, Wang G. Nutritional strategies for alleviating the detrimental effects of heat stress in dairy cows: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:1283-1302. [PMID: 31218396 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress responses negatively impact production performance, milk quality, body temperature, and other parameters in dairy cows. As global warming continues unabated, heat stress in dairy cows is likely to become more widespread in the future. To address this challenge, researchers have evaluated a number of potentially available nutritional strategies, including dietary fat, dietary fiber, dietary microbial additives, minerals, vitamins, metal ion buffer, plant extracts, and other anti-stress additives. In this paper, we discuss the evidence for the efficacy of these nutritional strategies aimed at alleviating the detrimental effects of heat stress in dairy cows. It was comprised of the treatment (dosage and usage), animal information (lactation stage and number of dairy cows), THI value (level of heat stress), duration of exposure, the changes of feed intake and milk yield (production performance), the changes of milk protein and milk fat (milk quality), the changes of rectal temperature and respiration rate (body temperature), other indices, and reference resources. The results of these studies are presented with statistical justification in the tables. In total, the 49 kinds of dietary interventions derived from these eight types of nutritional strategies may provide an appropriate means of mitigating heat stress on a particular dairy farm based on the explanation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Min
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Dagang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Diyun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Wang H, Huang J, Sun L, Xu F, Zhang W, Zhan J. An efficient process for co-production of γ-aminobutyric acid and probiotic Bacillus subtilis cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:155-163. [PMID: 30815306 PMCID: PMC6365325 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to establish an integrated process for the co-production of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and live probiotics. Six probiotic bacteria were screened and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051 showed the highest GABA-producing capacity. The optimal temperature and initial pH value for GABA production in B. subtilis were found to be 30 °C and 8.0, respectively. A variety of carbon and nitrogen sources were tested, and potato starch and peptone were the preferred carbon and nitrogen sources for GABA production, respectively. The concentrations of carbon source, nitrogen source and substrate (sodium l-glutamate) were then optimized using the response surface methodology. The GABA titer and concentration of viable cells of B. subtilis reached 19.74 g/L and 6.0 × 108 cfu/mL at 120 h. The GABA titer represents the highest production of GABA in B. subtilis. This work thus demonstrates a highly efficient co-production process for GABA and probiotic B. subtilis cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105 USA
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Legume Plants, School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, 8 Xuefu Road, Wuhan, 430056 Hubei China
| | - Jinge Huang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105 USA
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105 USA
| | - Fuchao Xu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105 USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hangzhou Viablife Biotech Co., Ltd, 1 Jingyi Road, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, 31113 Zhejiang China
| | - Jixun Zhan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105 USA
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan China
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Li Y, Zhang GN, Xu HJ, Zhou S, Dou XJ, Lin C, Zhang XY, Zhao HB, Zhang YG. Effects of replacing alfalfa hay with Moringa oleifera leaves and peduncles on intake, digestibility, and rumen fermentation in dairy cows. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Guo K, Cao H, Zhu Y, Wang T, Hu G, Kornmatitsuk B, Luo J. Improving effects of dietary rumen protected γ-aminobutyric acid additive on apparent nutrient digestibility, growth performance and health status in heat-stressed beef cattle. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1280-1286. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health; Institute of Animal Population Health; College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangxi Agricultural University; Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health; Institute of Animal Population Health; College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangxi Agricultural University; Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Yuanjun Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health; Institute of Animal Population Health; College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangxi Agricultural University; Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health; Institute of Animal Population Health; College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangxi Agricultural University; Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health; Institute of Animal Population Health; College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangxi Agricultural University; Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Bunlue Kornmatitsuk
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health; Mahidol University; Phutthamonthon Nakhon Pathom Thailand
| | - Junrong Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health; Institute of Animal Population Health; College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangxi Agricultural University; Nanchang Jiangxi China
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19
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Effects of Acremonium terricola culture on performance, milk composition, rumen fermentation and immune functions in dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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GABA regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of MAC-T cells through the LPS-induced TLR4 signaling pathway. Res Vet Sci 2018; 118:395-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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21
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Improved uterine immune mediators in Holstein cows supplemented with rumen-protected methionine and discovery of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). Theriogenology 2018; 114:116-125. [PMID: 29609181 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
During the transition from prepartum to early lactation, dairy cows often experience negative energy balance (NEB) that may result in reproductive stress and decreased fertility. The objective of this study was to observe the effects of rumen-protected methionine (RPM) on plasma amino acid concentrations, uterine cytology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD), and to confirm neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 20) were randomly assigned to two treatments starting at 21 d before calving until 73 days in milk (DIM). Treatments were: CON (n = 9, no supplementation, TMR with a Lys:Met = 3.5:1) and MET (n = 11, TMR + Smartamine® M with a Lys:Met = 2.8:1). Uterine endometrial biopsies, uterine cytology, and blood samples from the coccygeal artery or vein were collected at 15, 30, and 73 DIM. Blood plasma samples were analyzed for amino acids and metabolites. Uterine biopsies were analyzed for NET formation, neutrophil numbers, as well as GPX and SOD by IHC. Additionally, uterine cytology was analyzed for polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) to epithelial cell percentage. Cows in CON had lower methionine plasma concentrations (18.05 ± 2.0 μM) than cows in MET (30.39 ± 1.6 μM). Cows in CON had greater cystine plasma concentrations (3.62 ± 0.3 μM) than cows in MET (2.8 ± 0.3 μM). No treatment differences were observed for SOD or GPX in the endometrium. Cows in CON tended to have a high score for positively immunolabeled GPX cells at 15 DIM than cows in MET. No treatment differences were observed for the percentage of PMN in uterine cytology, number of neutrophils, or extent of NET formation in the endometrium. A treatment by time interaction was observed for PMN percentage and the number of neutrophils: cows in MET tended to have greater PMN percentages than cows in CON at 15 DIM which decreased for subsequent days and cows in MET had greater neutrophil numbers in the endometrium at 30 DIM than cows in CON. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of RPM altered plasma amino acid concentrations and increased neutrophil infiltration in the postpartum period, suggesting improved uterine immunity.
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Li Y, Wang YZ, Zhang GN, Zhang XY, Lin C, Li XX, Zhang YG. Effects of Acremonium terricola culture supplementation on apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation, and blood parameters in dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Guo WJ, Zhen L, Zhang JX, Lian S, Si HF, Guo JR, Yang HM. Effect of feeding Rumen-protected capsule containing niacin, K 2SO 4, vitamin C, and gamma-aminobutyric acid on heat stress and performance of dairy cows. J Therm Biol 2017; 69:249-253. [PMID: 29037390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplemental rumen-protected capsule (RPC) on animal performance, serological indicators, and serum heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) of lactating Holstein cows under heat stress (HS). During summer months, 30 healthy multiparous lactating Holstein cows with a parity number of 3.1 ± 0.44, 70 ± 15 d in milk, an average body weight of 622 ± 62kg, and an average milk yield of 32.28 ± 0.96kg/d, were used. The cows were randomly allocated to two groups: a control group and an RPC-supplemented group (0.13373kg K2SO4, 0.02488kg vitamin C, 0.021148kg niacin, and 0.044784kggamma-aminobutyric acid per cow). During the 42-d experiment, ambient air temperature and relative humidity inside and outside the barn were recorded hourly every day for the determination of temperature-humidity index (THI). Milk and blood samples were collected every week, and body weight and body condition scoring were measured on day 0. Based on the THI values, the animals had moderate HS. On day 42, the RPC group had lower HSP70, adrenocorticotropic hormone (P = 0.0001), lactate dehydrogenase (P = 0.0338), and IL-6 (P = 0.0724) levels than the control group, with no significant differences in creatine kinase, glucocorticoid, or IL-2 levels. Milk yield, energy-corrected milk, and dry matter intake were higher in RPC than in the control group (P = 0.0196). There were no significant differences in milk fat or daily protein levels between the two groups; however, daily protein and milk fat levels were higher in the RPC group than in the control group (P = 0.0114 and P = 0.0665, respectively). Somatic cell counts were no different between the two groups. In conclusion, RPC may alleviate HS and improve dairy cow performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - L Zhen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - J X Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - S Lian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - H F Si
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - J R Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - H M Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
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24
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Gao S, Guo J, Quan S, Nan X, Fernandez MS, Baumgard L, Bu D. The effects of heat stress on protein metabolism in lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:5040-5049. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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25
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Guo J, Gao S, Quan S, Zhang Y, Bu D, Wang J. Blood amino acids profile responding to heat stress in dairy cows. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 31:47-53. [PMID: 28231695 PMCID: PMC5756923 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of heat stress on milk protein and blood amino acid profile in dairy cows. Methods Twelve dairy cows with the similar parity, days in milk and milk yield were randomly divided into two groups with six cows raised in summer and others in autumn, respectively. Constant managerial conditions and diets were maintained during the experiment. Measurements and samples for heat stress and no heat stress were obtained according to the physical alterations of the temperature-humidity index. Results Results showed that heat stress significantly reduced the milk protein content (p<0.05). Heat stress tended to decrease milk yield (p = 0.09). Furthermore, heat stress decreased dry matter intake, the concentration of blood glucose and insulin, and glutathione peroxidase activity, while increased levels of non-esterified fatty acid and malondialdehyde (p<0.05). Additionally, the concentrations of blood Thr involved in immune response were increased under heat stress (p<0.05). The concentration of blood Ala, Glu, Asp, and Gly, associated with gluconeogenesis, were also increased under heat stress (p<0.05). However, the concentration of blood Lys that promotes milk protein synthesis was decreased under heat stress (p<0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, this study revealed that more amino acids were required for maintenance but not for milk protein synthesis under heat stress, and the decreased availability of amino acids for milk protein synthesis may be attributed to competition of immune response and gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengtao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Suyu Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dengpan Bu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Synergetic Innovation Center Of Food Safety and Nutrition, Harbin 150030, China.,World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Methionine and Choline Supply during the Periparturient Period Alter Plasma Amino Acid and One-Carbon Metabolism Profiles to Various Extents: Potential Role in Hepatic Metabolism and Antioxidant Status. Nutrients 2016; 9:nu9010010. [PMID: 28036059 PMCID: PMC5295054 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to profile plasma amino acids (AA) and derivatives of their metabolism during the periparturient period in response to supplemental rumen-protected methionine (MET) or rumen-protected choline (CHOL). Forty cows were fed from −21 through 30 days around parturition in a 2 × 2 factorial design a diet containing MET or CHOL. MET supply led to greater circulating methionine and proportion of methionine in the essential AA pool, total AA, and total sulfur-containing compounds. Lysine in total AA also was greater in these cows, indicating a better overall AA profile. Sulfur-containing compounds (cystathionine, cystine, homocystine, and taurine) were greater in MET-fed cows, indicating an enriched sulfur-containing compound pool due to enhanced transsulfuration activity. Circulating essential AA and total AA concentrations were greater in cows supplied MET due to greater lysine, arginine, tryptophan, threonine, proline, asparagine, alanine, and citrulline. In contrast, CHOL supply had no effect on essential AA or total AA, and only tryptophan and cystine were greater. Plasma 3-methylhistidine concentration was lower in response to CHOL supply, suggesting less tissue protein mobilization in these cows. Overall, the data revealed that enhanced periparturient supply of MET has positive effects on plasma AA profiles and overall antioxidant status.
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Metabolic pathways regulated by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) contributing to heat tolerance in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). Sci Rep 2016; 6:30338. [PMID: 27455877 PMCID: PMC4960583 DOI: 10.1038/srep30338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid is a non-protein amino acid involved in various metabolic processes. The objectives of this study were to examine whether increased GABA could improve heat tolerance in cool-season creeping bentgrass through physiological analysis, and to determine major metabolic pathways regulated by GABA through metabolic profiling. Plants were pretreated with 0.5 mM GABA or water before exposed to non-stressed condition (21/19 °C) or heat stress (35/30 °C) in controlled growth chambers for 35 d. The growth and physiological analysis demonstrated that exogenous GABA application significantly improved heat tolerance of creeping bentgrass. Metabolic profiling found that exogenous application of GABA led to increases in accumulations of amino acids (glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, threonine, serine, and valine), organic acids (aconitic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid, and threonic acid), sugars (sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, and maltose), and sugar alcohols (mannitol and myo-inositol). These findings suggest that GABA-induced heat tolerance in creeping bentgrass could involve the enhancement of photosynthesis and ascorbate-glutathione cycle, the maintenance of osmotic adjustment, and the increase in GABA shunt. The increased GABA shunt could be the supply of intermediates to feed the tricarboxylic acid cycle of respiration metabolism during a long-term heat stress, thereby maintaining metabolic homeostasis.
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Rackwitz R, Gäbel G. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) permeates ovine ruminal and jejunal epithelia, mainly by passive diffusion. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:38-45. [PMID: 26987460 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) represents the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. GABA is also produced in plants and/or by the microbial conversion of amino acids. Thus, ruminants may be forced to take up significant amounts of GABA from their diet. However, it is not known whether exogenously acquired GABA might permeate the gastrointestinal barrier in such quantities as to induce systemic alterations. Thus, this study pursues the question of where within the ruminant's GI tract and by which pathways GABA may be taken up from the ingesta. The jejunal and ruminal epithelia of sheep were mounted in Ussing chambers under short-circuit conditions. The flux rates of radiolabelled GABA from the mucosal to the serosal side (Jms ) and vice versa (Jsm ) were measured. GABA was applied in various concentrations with adjustment of the mucosal pH to 6.1 or 7.4. Furthermore, beta-alanine or glycine was used as a competitive inhibitor for GABA transport. In both the jejunal and ruminal epithelium, the Jms of GABA was linearly correlated to the mucosal GABA concentration. However, Jms across the jejunal epithelium was approximately 10-fold higher than Jms across the ruminal epithelium. When 0.5 mmol/l GABA was applied on both sides of the epithelium, no net flux could be observed in the jejunal epithelia. Additionally, there was no effect of decreased mucosal pH or the application of glycine or beta-alanine under these conditions. The Jms and Jsm of GABA were linearly correlated to the transepithelial conductance. Our results suggest that GABA is taken up from the small intestine rather than from the rumen. Due to the lack of influence of pH and competitive inhibitors, this uptake seems to occur primarily via passive diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rackwitz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - G Gäbel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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29
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Min L, Cheng JB, Shi BL, Yang HJ, Zheng N, Wang JQ. Effects of heat stress on serum insulin, adipokines, AMP-activated protein kinase, and heat shock signal molecules in dairy cows. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 16:541-8. [PMID: 26055916 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1400341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress affects feed intake, milk production, and endocrine status in dairy cows. The temperature-humidity index (THI) is employed as an index to evaluate the degree of heat stress in dairy cows. However, it is difficult to ascertain whether THI is the most appropriate measurement of heat stress in dairy cows. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of heat stress on serum insulin, adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and heat shock signal molecules (heat shock transcription factor (HSF) and heat shock proteins (HSP)) in dairy cows and to research biomarkers to be used for better understanding the meaning of THI as a bioclimatic index. To achieve these objectives, two experiments were performed. The first experiment: eighteen lactating Holstein dairy cows were used. The treatments were: heat stress (HS, THI average=81.7, n=9) and cooling (CL, THI average=53.4, n=9). Samples of HS were obtained on August 16, 2013, and samples of CL were collected on April 7, 2014 in natural conditions. The second experiment: HS treatment cows (n=9) from the first experiment were fed for 8 weeks from August 16, 2013 to October 12, 2013. Samples for moderate heat stress, mild heat stress, and no heat stress were obtained, respectively, according to the physical alterations of the THI. Results showed that heat stress significantly increased the serum adiponectin, AMPK, HSF, HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90 (P<0.05). Adiponectin is strongly associated with AMPK. The increases of adiponectin and AMPK may be one of the mechanisms to maintain homeostasis in heat-stressed dairy cows. When heat stress treatment lasted 8 weeks, a higher expression of HSF and HSP70 was observed under moderate heat stress. Serum HSF and HSP70 are sensitive and accurate in heat stress and they could be potential indicators of animal response to heat stress. We recommend serum HSF and HSP70 as meaningful biomarkers to supplement the THI and evaluate moderate heat stress in dairy cows in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Min
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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30
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Min L, Zheng N, Zhao S, Cheng J, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Yang H, Wang J. Long-term heat stress induces the inflammatory response in dairy cows revealed by plasma proteome analysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:296-302. [PMID: 26851364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work we employed a comparative proteomic approach to evaluate seasonal heat stress and investigate proteomic alterations in plasma of dairy cows. Twelve lactating Holstein dairy cows were used and the treatments were: heat stress (n = 6) in hot summer (at the beginning of the moderate heat stress) and no heat stress (n = 6) in spring natural ambient environment, respectively. Subsequently, heat stress treatment lasted 23 days (at the end of the moderate heat stress) to investigate the alterations of plasma proteins, which might be employed as long-term moderate heat stress response in dairy cows. Changes in plasma proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) combined with mass spectrometry. Analysis of the properties of the identified proteins revealed that the alterations of plasma proteins were related to inflammation in long-term moderate heat stress. Furthermore, the increase in plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) directly demonstrated that long-term moderate heat stress caused an inflammatory response in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Min
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jianbo Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Yongxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hongjian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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31
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Biogenic amines and gamma-amino butyric acid in silages: Formation, occurrence and influence on dry matter intake and ruminant production. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Zhou XQ, Zhang YD, Zhao M, Zhang T, Zhu D, Bu DP, Wang JQ. Effect of dietary energy source and level on nutrient digestibility, rumen microbial protein synthesis, and milk performance in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:7209-17. [PMID: 26254527 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary energy source and level on intake, digestion, rumen microbial protein synthesis, and milk production in lactating dairy cows, using corn stover as a forage source. Eight multiparous Holstein cows, 4 of which were fitted with rumen cannulas, were evaluated in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design, with each period lasting 21 d. The cows were randomly assigned into 4 treatment groups: low-energy (LE) ground corn (GC), LE steam-flaked corn (SFC), high-energy (HE) GC, and HE SFC. Changes to ruminal energy degradation rates were induced by feeding the cows diets of either finely ground corn or SFC as components of diets with the same total energy level. Milk yield, milk protein content and yield, and milk lactose yield all increased in response to higher levels of dietary energy, whereas contents of milk fat and lactose were unaffected. Cows fed HE diets had a higher crude microbial protein yield and total-tract apparent digestibility than those receiving LE diets. Milk yield, milk protein yield, and microbial protein yield were also higher when SFC replaced GC as the main energy source for lactating cows fed LE diets. These results suggest that an increased dietary energy level and ruminal degradation rate are beneficial to milk protein production, which we suggest is due to increased yields of microbial proteins, when cows are fed corn stover as a dietary forage source.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin 150030, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Y D Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - M Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - T Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - D Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - D P Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-International Center for Research in Agroforestry, Joint Laboratory on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
| | - J Q Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin 150030, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
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