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Brandt KJ, Ault-Seay TB, Payton RR, Schneider LG, Edwards JL, Myer PR, Rhinehart JD, McLean KJ. The Impacts of Supplemental Protein during Development on Amino Acid Concentrations in the Uterus and Pregnancy Outcomes of Angus Heifers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1995. [PMID: 37370505 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Replacement heifer development is one of the most critical components in beef production. The composition of the ideal uterine environment could maximize fertility and reproductive efficiency. Our hypothesis was that protein supplementation would affect the uterine environment of beef heifers without inhibiting development or reproduction. To test the effects of dietary supplementation on these outcomes, a randomized complete block design with repeated measures was implemented. Angus heifers (n = 60) were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to one of three supplemental protein treatment groups (10% (CON), 20% (P20), and 40% (P40)). Mixed model ANOVAs were used to determine whether protein supplementation treatments, time, and the interaction or protein supplementation, semen exposure, and the interaction influenced uterine luminal fluid (ULF) and pregnancy outcomes. Amino acids (AAs) were impacted (p < 0.001), specifically, the essential AAs: Arg, Iso, Leu, Val, His, Lys, Met, Phe, Trp. Protein supplementation influenced multiple AAs post-insemination: Arg (p = 0.03), CC (p = 0.05), 1-MH (p = 0.001), and Orn (p = 0.03). In conclusion, protein supplementation did not affect the reproductive development via puberty attainment or the timing of conception even with alterations in growth. However, uterine AA concentrations did change throughout development and protein supplementation influenced ULF d 14 post-insemination, which may affect the conception rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiernan J Brandt
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Taylor B Ault-Seay
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Rebecca R Payton
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Liesel G Schneider
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - J Lannett Edwards
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Phillip R Myer
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Justin D Rhinehart
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Kyle J McLean
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Ma Y, Song J, Cao X, Sun Z. Mechanism of Guilu Erxian ointment based on targeted metabolomics in intervening in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer outcome in older patients with poor ovarian response of kidney-qi deficiency type. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1045384. [PMID: 36742408 PMCID: PMC9897313 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1045384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of Guilu Erxian ointment on the outcome of IVF-ET in older patients with poor ovarian response infertility of kidney-qi deficiency type, and to verify and analyze the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine on improving older patients with poor ovarian response infertility of kidney-qi deficiency type from the perspective of metabolomics using targeted metabolomics technology, identify the related metabolic pathways, and provide metabolic biomarker basis and clinical treatment ideas for improving older patients with poor ovarian response infertility. METHODS This study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, and a total of 119 infertile patients who underwent IVF-ET at Shandong Center for Reproduction and Genetics of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine were selected. Eighty older patients with infertility undergoing IVF were randomly divided into older treatment group and older placebo group, and another 39 young healthy women who underwent IVF-ET or ICSI due to male factors were selected as the normal control group. Flexible GnRH antagonist protocol was used for ovulation induction in all three groups, and Guilu Erxian ointment and placebo groups started taking Guilu Erxian ointment and placebo from the third day of menstruation until IVF surgery. And ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QTRAP MS) was used to detect metabolites in the three groups of samples. RESULTS Compared with the placebo group, the number of oocytes retrieved, 2PN fertilization, high-quality embryos, total number of available embryos and estrogen on HCG day were increased in the treatment group, and the differences were statistically significant (P > 0.05), but the clinical pregnancy rate of fresh embryos and frozen embryos were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The results of targeted metabolomics analysis showed that follicular fluid in the treatment group clustered with the normal young group and deviated from the placebo group. A total of 55 significant differential metabolites were found in the follicular fluid of older patients with poor ovarian response of kidney-qi deficiency type and patients in the normal young group, after Guilu Erxian ointment intervention, Metabolites such as L-Aspartic acid, Glycine, L-Serine, Palmitoleic Acid, Palmitelaidic acid, L-Alanine, Gamma-Linolenic acid, Alpha-Linolenic Acid, and N-acetyltryptophan were down-regulated, mainly involving amino acid metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. CONCLUSION Guilu Erxian ointment can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and IVF outcomes of older patients with poor ovarian response of kidney-qi deficiency type. There were differences in follicular fluid metabolites between older patients with poor ovarian response of kidney-qi deficiency type and normal women. L-Aspartic acid, L-Alanine, Aminoadipic acid, L-Asparagine, L-Arginine, L-Serine, Gamma- Linolenic acid, Pentadecanoic acid and Alpha-Linolenic Acid are closely related to older patients with poor ovarian response due to deficiency of kidney-qi and may be inferred as biomarkers. The mechanism of Guilu Erxian ointment intervention may be mainly through amino acid metabolism and fatty acid metabolism regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Ma
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyan Song
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Jinan, China
- Integrative Medicine Research Centre of Reproduction and Heredity, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengao Sun, ; Jingyan Song,
| | - Xianling Cao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Jinan, China
| | - Zhengao Sun
- Integrative Medicine Research Centre of Reproduction and Heredity, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengao Sun, ; Jingyan Song,
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Kusama K, Bai R, Matsuno Y, Ideta A, Sakurai T, Nagaoka K, Hori M, Imakawa K. Characterization of Serum Metabolome and Proteome Profiles Identifies SNX5 Specific for Pregnancy Failure in Holstein Heifers. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020309. [PMID: 35207596 PMCID: PMC8877674 DOI: 10.3390/life12020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy loss predominantly occurs during the first 3–4 weeks due to fertilization failure or early embryonic losses in cattle. Insufficient biochemical communication between conceptus (embryo plus extraembryonic membranes) and endometrium has been suspected as the primary cause for early embryonic losses. If molecules regulating this communication were identified, molecular mechanisms associated with early pregnancy losses could be better understood. To identify candidate molecules as detection markers of non-pregnant or females undergoing embryonic loss, peripheral blood from embryo-transferred heifers on day 7 (day 0 = day of estrus) were collected on days 17 (pre-attachment), 20 (during attachment), and 22 (post-attachment), which were subjected to metabolome and global proteome iTRAQ analyses. The metabolome analysis partly divided serum components into pregnant or not. In the iTRAQ analysis, heatmap analysis with top 25 proteins was separated into pregnant or not on day 20 or 22. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis identified five candidate proteins detecting non-pregnant heifers, of which SNX5 in day 22 serum had the highest area under the curve (AUC): 0.983. We also detected SNX5 in day 22 serum from non-pregnant heifers using western blotting. These results suggest that high SNX5 in day 22 serum could predict early pregnancy loss in heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Kusama
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan;
| | - Rulan Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Yuta Matsuno
- Research Institute of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto 862-8652, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Ideta
- Zen-Noh Embryo Transfer Center, Fukuoka 810-0001, Japan;
| | - Toshihiro Sakurai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Ohu University, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan;
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
| | - Masatoshi Hori
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
| | - Kazuhiko Imakawa
- Research Institute of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto 862-8652, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-96-386-2652
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Drews B, Milojevic V, Robles M, Wimel L, Dubois C, Vegas AR, Giller K, Chavatte-Palmer P, Daniel H, Giesbertz P, Bruckmaier R, Ulbrich SE. Moderate differences in plasma leptin in mares have no effect on either the amino acid or the fatty acid composition of the uterine fluid. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 109:103827. [PMID: 34843890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Female mammalian reproductive functions are closely linked to body condition and metabolic status. Energy homeostasis is regulated by endocrine hormones such as insulin, IGF-I, leptin and adiponectin via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. These metabolic hormones and their receptors are also expressed in reproductive tissues and the embryo. We investigated the relationship between circulating leptin and the fatty acid (FA) and amino acid (AA) composition of the equine uterine fluid (UF) and peripheral blood plasma (BP) by using a mass spectrometry-based approach. UF and BP were collected from ten broodmares on days 6 and 7 post ovulation, respectively. The mares were retrospectively assigned to two groups according to their BP leptin concentrations (high leptin (> 1.6 ng/ml) versus low leptin (<0.8 ng/ml)). Specific AA and FA compositions for BP and UF were found with different levels of respective metabolite abundances. The main FAs in BP were stearic, palmitic and linoleic acid. In UF, the three most abundant FAs were eicosapentaenoic, arachidonic and stearic acid. The AA profile of BP was dominated by glycine, glutamine, serine and alanine, which were likewise among the highly abundant AAs in UF. In UF, glutamic acid had by far the highest concentration. Therefore, BP leptin concentration within a physiological range do not seem to affect the specific FA nor the AA composition of the UF. The composition of the UF may therefore be mediated by local rather than by peripheral metabolic hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Drews
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Vladimir Milojevic
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Morgane Robles
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - L Wimel
- IFCE, Station expérimentale de la Valade, 19370 Chamberet, France.
| | - C Dubois
- IFCE, Station expérimentale de la Valade, 19370 Chamberet, France.
| | - A Rudolf Vegas
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K Giller
- ETH Zurich, Animal Nutrition, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - P Chavatte-Palmer
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - H Daniel
- Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - P Giesbertz
- Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.
| | - Rupert Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - S E Ulbrich
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland.
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van der Weijden VA, Ulbrich SE. Embryonic diapause in roe deer: A model to unravel embryo-maternal communication during pre-implantation development in wildlife and livestock species. Theriogenology 2020; 158:105-111. [PMID: 32947063 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An alarming number of large mammalian species with low reproduction rates is threatened with extinction. As basic knowledge of reproductive physiology is currently lacking in many species, increasing the understanding of reproductive physiology is imperative and includes the development of novel artificial reproduction technologies. Despite the relatively comprehensive knowledge on molecular mechanisms underlying reproduction in livestock species such as cattle, pregnancy failures are likewise far from understood. Contrary to other wildlife species, the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) displays a remarkably high pregnancy rate. In parts, cattle and roe deer exhibit comparable features of preimplantation embryo development. Therefore, understanding the high fertility rate in the roe deer holds a great potential for cross-species knowledge gain. As the only known species among the artiodactylae, the roe deer displays a long period of embryonic diapause. The preimplantation blastocyst reaches a diameter of 1 mm only at around 4 months compared to around 13 days post estrus in cattle. The expanded blastocyst survives in a uterine microenvironment that contains a unique set of yet unidentified factors that allow embryonic stem cells to proliferate at low pace without impairing their developmental potential. Upon reactivation, intimate embryo-maternal communication comparable to those reported in cattle is thought to occur. In this review, current knowledge, parallels and differences of reproductive physiology in cattle and roe deer are reviewed. The roe deer is proposed as a unique model species to (1) enhance our knowledge of fertility processes, (2) define factors that support embryo survival for an extended period, (3) advance knowledge on embryonic stem cells, and (4) unravel potential implications for the development of novel strategies for artificial reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A van der Weijden
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Switzerland
| | - S E Ulbrich
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Switzerland.
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Proteomic analysis of sheep uterus reveals its role in prolificacy. J Proteomics 2019; 210:103526. [PMID: 31605788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Small Tail Han sheep have attracted attention for their high fecundity and year-round estrus. However, the molecular mechanisms of this fecundity are unknown. Polymorphism of the FecB gene has been shown to be associated with the ovulation rate and litter size in sheep. In this study, we used tandem mass tag quantitative proteomic techniques to identify the differentially abundant proteins in polytocous and monotocous Small Tail Han sheep (FecB++) uterine tissues in the follicular and luteal phases. In total, 41 and 43 differentially abundant proteins were identified in the follicular and luteal phases, respectively. Correlation analysis between the transcriptome and proteome revealed a positive correlation at the two omics levels of prolificacy. GO and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that the mRNAs and proteins upregulated in the polytocous group relative to the monotocous group are involved in sphingolipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism, and may be important in maintaining uterine functions and increasing the embryo survival rate during the estrus cycle of polytocous sheep. In conclusion, our work provides a prospective understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the high prolificacy of Small Tail Han sheep. SIGNIFICANCE: Fecundity critically affects the profitability of sheep production, but the genetic mechanism of high-prolificacy is still unclear in sheep. We identified potential signaling pathways and differentially abundant proteins associated with reproductive performance through a combination of sheep uterus tissues proteome and transcriptome analyses. These findings will facilitate a better revealing the mechanism and provide possible targets for molecular design breeding for the formation of polytocous traits in sheep.
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7
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Drews B, Milojevic V, Giller K, Ulbrich S. Fatty acid profile of blood plasma and oviduct and uterine fluid during early and late luteal phase in the horse. Theriogenology 2018; 114:258-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8
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França MR, da Silva MIS, Pugliesi G, Van Hoeck V, Binelli M. Evidence of endometrial amino acid metabolism and transport modulation by peri-ovulatory endocrine profiles driving uterine receptivity. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017. [PMID: 28630707 PMCID: PMC5472857 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In beef cattle, changes in the periovulatory endocrine milieu are associated with fertility and conceptus growth. A large preovulatory follicle (POF) and the resulting elevated concentrations of progesterone (P4) during diestrus positively affect pregnancy rates. Amino acids (AA) are important components of maternally derived secretions that are crucial for embryonic survival before implantation. The hypothesis is that the size of the POF and the concentration of P4 in early diestrus modulate the endometrial abundance of SLC transcripts related to AA transport and metabolism and subsequently impact luminal concentrations of AA. The follicle growth of Nelore cows was manipulated to produce two experimental groups: large POF and CL (LF-LCL group) and small POF and CL (SF-SCL group). On Day 4 (D4; Experiment 1) and Day 7 (D7; Experiment 2) after GnRH-induced ovulation (GnRH treatment = D0), the animals were slaughtered and uterine tissues and uterine washings were collected. qRT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression levels of AA transporters in D4 and D7 endometrial tissues. The concentrations of AA were quantified in D4 and D7 uterine washings by HPLC. Results Transcript results show that, on D4, SLC6A6, SLC7A4, SLC17A5, SLC38A1, SLC38A7 and SCLY and on D7 SLC1A4, SLC6A1, SLC6A14, SLC7A4, SLC7A7, SLC7A8, SLC17A5, SLC38A1, SLC38A7, SLC43A2 and DDO were more abundant in the endometria of cows from the LF-LCL group (P < 0.05). In addition, concentrations of AA in the uterine lumen were influenced by the endocrine profiles of the mother. In this context, D4 uterine washings revealed that greater concentrations of taurine, alanine and α-aminobutyric acid were present in SF-SCL (P < 0.05). In contrast, lower concentrations of valine and cystathionine were quantified on D7 uterine washings from SF-SCL cows (P < 0.05). Conclusion The present study revealed an association between the abundance of transcripts related to AA transport and metabolism in the endometrium and specific periovulatory endocrine profiles related to the receptive status of the mother. Such insights suggest that AAs are involved in uterine function to support embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moana Rodrigues França
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225, Duque de Caxias Norte Ave. Jd. Elite, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP Brazil
| | - Maressa Izabel Santos da Silva
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225, Duque de Caxias Norte Ave. Jd. Elite, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pugliesi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225, Duque de Caxias Norte Ave. Jd. Elite, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP Brazil
| | | | - Mario Binelli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225, Duque de Caxias Norte Ave. Jd. Elite, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP Brazil
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Beef heifers with diminished numbers of antral follicles have decreased uterine protein concentrations. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 179:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Mitchell MD, Scholz-Romero K, Reed S, Peiris HN, Koh YQ, Meier S, Walker CG, Burke CR, Roche JR, Rice G, Salomon C. Plasma exosome profiles from dairy cows with divergent fertility phenotypes. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:7590-7601. [PMID: 27372594 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication in physiological and pathological conditions may be influenced by neighboring cells, distant tissues, or local environmental factors. Exosomes are specific subsets of extracellular vesicles that internalize and deliver their content to near and distant sites. Exosomes may play a role in the maternal-embryo crosstalk vital for the recognition and maintenance of a pregnancy; however, their role in dairy cow reproduction has not been established. This study aimed to characterize the exosome profile in the plasma of 2 strains of dairy cow with divergent fertility phenotypes. Plasma was obtained and characterized on the basis of genetic ancestry as fertile (FERT; <23% North American genetics, New Zealand Holstein-Friesian strain, n=8) or subfertile (SUBFERT; >92% North American genetics, North American Holstein-Friesian strain, n=8). Exosomes were isolated by differential and buoyant density centrifugation and characterized by size distribution (nanoparticle tracking analysis, NanoSight NS500, NanoSight Ltd., Amesbury, UK), the presence of CD63 (Western blot), and their morphology (electron microscopy). The total number of exosomes was determined by quantifying the immunoreactive CD63 (ExoELISA kit, System Biosciences), and the protein content established by mass spectrometry. Enriched exosome fractions were identified as cup-shape vesicles with diameters around 100 nm and positive for the CD63 marker. The concentration of exosomes was 50% greater in FERT cows. Mass spectrometry identified 104 and 117 proteins in FERT and SUBFERT cows, of which 23 and 36 were unique, respectively. Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment for proteins involved in immunomodulatory processes and cell-to-cell communication. Although the role of exosomes in dairy cow reproduction remains to be elucidated, their quantification and content in models with divergent fertility phenotypes could provide novel information to support both physiological and genetic approaches to improving dairy cow fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Mitchell
- Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia.
| | - K Scholz-Romero
- Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Reed
- Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - H N Peiris
- Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - Y Q Koh
- Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Meier
- DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - C G Walker
- DairyNZ Ltd., 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - C R Burke
- DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - J R Roche
- DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - G Rice
- Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - C Salomon
- Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
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Khatkar M, Randhawa I, Raadsma H. Meta-assembly of genomic regions and variants associated with female reproductive efficiency in cattle. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Amino acids in the uterine luminal fluid reflects the temporal changes in transporter expression in the endometrium and conceptus during early pregnancy in cattle. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100010. [PMID: 24960174 PMCID: PMC4069017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In cattle, conceptus-maternal interactions are critical for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. A major component of this early interaction involves the transport of nutrients and secretion of key molecules by uterine epithelial cells to help support conceptus development during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. Objectives were to: 1) analyze temporal changes in the amino acid (AA) content of uterine luminal fluid (ULF) during the bovine estrous cycle; 2) understand conceptus-induced alterations in AA content; 3) determine expression of AA transporters in the endometrium and conceptus; and 4) determine how these transporters are modulated by (Progesterone) P4. Concentrations of aspartic acid, arginine, glutamine, histidine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and tyrosine decreased on Day 16 of the estrous cycle but increased on Day 19 in pregnant heifers (P<0.05). Glutamic acid only increased in pregnant heifers on Day 19 (P<0.001). Asparagine concentrations were greater in ULF of cyclic compared to pregnant heifers on Day 7 (P<0.05) while valine concentrations were higher in pregnant heifers on Day 16 (P<0.05). Temporal changes in expression of the cationic AA transporters SLC7A1 SLC7A4 and SLC7A6 occurred in the endometrium during the estrous cycle/early pregnancy coordinate with changes in conceptus expression of SLC7A4, SLC7A2 and SLC7A1 (P<0.05). Only one acidic AA transporter (SLC1A5) increased in the endometrium while conceptus expression of SLC1A4 increased (P<0.05). The neutral AA transporters SLC38A2 and SLC7A5 increased in the endometrium in a temporal manner while conceptus expression of SLC38A7, SLC43A2, SLC38A11 and SLC7A8 also increased (P<0.05). P4 modified the expression of SLC1A1, -1A4, -1A5, -38A2, -38A4, -38A7, -43A2, -6A14, -7A1, -7A5 and -7A7 in the endometrium. Results demonstrate that temporal changes in AA in the ULF reflect changes in transporter expression in the endometrium and conceptus during early pregnancy in cattle, some of which are modified by P4.
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