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Dias AVL, Messana JD, Granja-Salcedo YT, Alfonso YFM, Silva LG, Camargo KDV, Alves KLGC, Gonçalves PH, Reis RA, Berchielli TT. Efficiency of Amino Acid Utilization in Nellore Cattle Grazing Low-Quality Forage Supplemented with Different Sources of Nitrogen. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1622. [PMID: 37629480 PMCID: PMC10456030 DOI: 10.3390/life13081622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementation with non-protein nitrogen (NPN) or ruminal undegradable protein (RUP) on intake, digestibility, and amino acid (AA) use efficiency of Nellore cattle grazing during the dry season. Eight Nellore steers (12 ± 2 months old) were used in quadruplicate Latin squares (2 × 2). The animals were placed on Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés under continuous grazing. The treatments included the following: (1) urea supplementation (NPN) and (2) supplementation of corn gluten meal 60 (CGM, RUP). Animals supplemented with CGM showed higher intakes of dry matter (DM) supplement, total AA, essential AA, and individual AA. The supplementation did not affect the total AA digestibility, total AA flux, and the AA fluxes of microbial origin and RUP from the diet (p > 0.05). The ruminal microorganism origin flux of total AA to the duodenum was 44.5% and 52.7% for animals supplemented with NPN and CGM, respectively. Animals supplemented with CGM showed an increase in blood concentrations of isoleucine (+19.09 μmol/L), cystine (+27.29 μmol/L), and albumin (+0.11 g/dL) (p < 0.05), but this increase was not accompanied by an improvement in N use efficiency of steers (p > 0.05). RUP supplementation via CGM can be an efficient nutritional strategy to enhance the intake and absorption of AA by Nellore cattle grazing low-quality forage during the dry season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Veronica Lino Dias
- Department of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil;
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (Y.T.G.-S.); (Y.F.M.A.); (L.G.S.); (K.D.V.C.); (K.L.G.C.A.); (P.H.G.); (R.A.R.); (T.T.B.)
| | - Juliana Duarte Messana
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (Y.T.G.-S.); (Y.F.M.A.); (L.G.S.); (K.D.V.C.); (K.L.G.C.A.); (P.H.G.); (R.A.R.); (T.T.B.)
| | - Yury Tatiana Granja-Salcedo
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (Y.T.G.-S.); (Y.F.M.A.); (L.G.S.); (K.D.V.C.); (K.L.G.C.A.); (P.H.G.); (R.A.R.); (T.T.B.)
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, AGROSAVIA, Centro de Investigación El Nus, San Roque 053037, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Yeison Fabian Murilo Alfonso
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (Y.T.G.-S.); (Y.F.M.A.); (L.G.S.); (K.D.V.C.); (K.L.G.C.A.); (P.H.G.); (R.A.R.); (T.T.B.)
| | - Lorrayny Galoro Silva
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (Y.T.G.-S.); (Y.F.M.A.); (L.G.S.); (K.D.V.C.); (K.L.G.C.A.); (P.H.G.); (R.A.R.); (T.T.B.)
| | - Karine Dalla Vecchia Camargo
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (Y.T.G.-S.); (Y.F.M.A.); (L.G.S.); (K.D.V.C.); (K.L.G.C.A.); (P.H.G.); (R.A.R.); (T.T.B.)
| | - Kênia Larissa Gomes Carvalho Alves
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (Y.T.G.-S.); (Y.F.M.A.); (L.G.S.); (K.D.V.C.); (K.L.G.C.A.); (P.H.G.); (R.A.R.); (T.T.B.)
| | - Paloma Helena Gonçalves
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (Y.T.G.-S.); (Y.F.M.A.); (L.G.S.); (K.D.V.C.); (K.L.G.C.A.); (P.H.G.); (R.A.R.); (T.T.B.)
| | - Ricardo Andrade Reis
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (Y.T.G.-S.); (Y.F.M.A.); (L.G.S.); (K.D.V.C.); (K.L.G.C.A.); (P.H.G.); (R.A.R.); (T.T.B.)
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia/Ciência Animal, Viçosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Telma Teresinha Berchielli
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (Y.T.G.-S.); (Y.F.M.A.); (L.G.S.); (K.D.V.C.); (K.L.G.C.A.); (P.H.G.); (R.A.R.); (T.T.B.)
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia/Ciência Animal, Viçosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil
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Kim HJ, Kim HJ, Kim KW, Lee J, Lee SH, Lee SS, Choi BH, Shin DJ, Jeon KH, Choi JY, Jang A. Effect of Feeding Alfalfa and Concentrate on Meat Quality and Bioactive Compounds in Korean Native Black Goat Loin during Storage at 4°C. Food Sci Anim Resour 2022; 42:517-535. [PMID: 35611072 PMCID: PMC9108953 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding alfalfa: Concentrate at different ratios (8:2 or 2:8) to Korean native black goats (KNBG) for 90 days on meat quality and bioactive compound content. Feeding KNBG alfalfa and concentrate at different ratios did not impact meat pH, color, microorganism composition, volatile basic nitrogen levels, or lipid oxidation. The low alfalfa (KLA) group exhibited increased oleic acid and monosaturated fatty acid levels, both of which impact the palatability traits of meat. The abundance of bioactive compounds increased in the loin meat of the KLA group, leading to an increase in antioxidant activities. Our results suggest that feeding alfalfa and concentrate at a 2:8 ratio to KNBG can increase taste-related fatty acids and bioactive compounds in loin meat, relative to that achieved by feeding at an 8:2 ratio. Further investigation is required to evaluate the quality and the metabolites of bioactive compounds in KNBG meat and the effect of the different dietary ratios of forage and concentrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Kim
- Department of Applied Animal Science,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology,
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Poultry Research Institute, National
Institute of Animal Science, Pyeongchang 25342, Korea
| | - Kwan-Woo Kim
- Animal Genetic Resources Research Center,
National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development
Administration, Hamyang 50000, Korea
| | - Jinwook Lee
- Animal Genetic Resources Research Center,
National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development
Administration, Hamyang 50000, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Grassland and Forages Division, National
Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration,
Cheonan 30801, Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Lee
- Animal Genetic Resources Research Center,
National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development
Administration, Hamyang 50000, Korea
| | - Bong-Hwan Choi
- Animal Genetic Resources Research Center,
National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development
Administration, Hamyang 50000, Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Shin
- Department of Applied Animal Science,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jeon
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea
Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Choi
- Department of Division of Food Science and
Culinary Arts, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu 11644,
Korea
| | - Aera Jang
- Department of Applied Animal Science,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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Piccioli-Cappelli F, Seal CJ, Parker DS, Loor JJ, Minuti A, Lopreiato V, Trevisi E. Effect of stage of lactation and dietary starch content on endocrine-metabolic status, blood amino acid concentrations, milk yield, and composition in Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:1131-1149. [PMID: 34955268 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Milk yield and composition are modified by level and chemical characteristics of dietary energy and protein. Those factors determine nutrient availability from a given diet, and once absorbed, they interact with the endocrine system and together determine availability of metabolites to the mammary gland. Four multiparous dairy cows in early lactation and subsequently in late lactation were fed 2 diets for 28 d in a changeover design that provided, within the same stage of lactation, similar amounts of rumen fermentable feed with either high (HS) or low starch (LS). All diets had similar dietary crude protein (15.5% dry matter) and rumen-undegradable protein (∼40% of crude protein) content. Profiles of AA were calculated to be similar to that of casein. On d 28, [1-13C] Leu was infused into one jugular vein with blood samples taken at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h, and cows milked at 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 h from start of infusion. Isotopic enrichments of plasma Leu, keto-isocaproic acid, and milk casein were determined for calculation of Leu kinetics. Data were subjected to ANOVA using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc.), with time as repeated factor and cow as the random effect. Dry matter intake within each stage of lactation was similar between groups. Feeding LS resulted in lower blood glucose and greater ratio of bovine somatotropin to insulin. This response was associated with greater blood concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate, which might have contributed to greater milk fat content in LS-fed cows. Except for His, average concentrations of all AA in blood were higher in late than early lactation. Diet did not alter average plasma concentrations of AA. However, for most of the essential AA (particularly branched-chain), the HS diet led to a marked decrease in concentrations after the forage meal, resulting in significant differences between dietary groups in early lactation. In early-lactating cows fed HS, a greater reduction in plasma concentrations at 8 h relative to pre-feeding values (time zero) was observed for Met, Lys, and His, resulting in decreases of 27.9%, 33.6%, and 38.5%, respectively. A higher bovine somatotropin/insulin ratio in early lactation and in cows fed LS could possibly have led to greater breakdown and, consequently, higher AA flux from peripheral tissues. In LS-fed cows, higher mobilization of body fat and protein was confirmed by the greater body weight loss in both stages of lactation. Higher irreversible loss of [1-13C] Leu in early lactation suggested lower protein retention in peripheral tissues during early compared with late lactation. Milk yield, protein output, and composition were similar between groups at both stages of lactation, whereas milk coagulation was faster (lower curd firming rate) and with higher curd firmness in response to feeding HS in late lactation. Overall, data indicated that rate of carbohydrate fermentability in the rumen can modify the availability of metabolites to the mammary gland and consequently modify milk protein coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Piccioli-Cappelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DiANA), Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| | - C J Seal
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Public Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - D S Parker
- Pii Nutrition, 37, Thunder Lane, Norwich, NR7 0PX, United Kingdom
| | - J J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - A Minuti
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DiANA), Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - V Lopreiato
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DiANA), Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - E Trevisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DiANA), Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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4
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Brito AF, Tremblay GF, Bertrand A, Castonguay Y, Bélanger G, Lafrenière C, Martineau R, Berthiaume R. Omasal flow of nonstructural carbohydrates and nitrogenous compounds in lactating dairy cows fed diets containing timothy cut in the afternoon or morning. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:12459-12471. [PMID: 34593224 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Shifting the cutting of grass from morning to afternoon has been shown to increase the concentration of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) in forages. We compared the effects of diets (66:34, forage:concentrate ratio) containing a mix (% of the diet dry matter) of baleages (46.5%) and silages (19.3%) harvested from timothy cut in the afternoon (p.m.-cut TIM diet) or morning (a.m.-cut TIM diet) on omasal flows of NSC and nitrogenous fractions, ruminal and total-tract digestibilities of nutrients, plasma concentration of AA, and milk yield and composition. Eight ruminally cannulated Holstein cows averaging (mean ± standard deviation) 31.4 ± 6.13 kg/d of milk, 136 ± 17.0 d in milk, and 611 ± 66.4 kg of body weight in the beginning of the experiment were used in a crossover design with 21-d periods (14 d for diet adaptation and 7 d for data and sample collection). Intake of total ethanol-soluble carbohydrates (TESC; +150 g/d), starch (+129 g/d), and total NSC (TESC plus starch = +278 g/d) was greater with feeding the p.m.- than the a.m.-cut TIM diet. Likewise, the apparent ruminal digestibilities of TESC (+149 g/d), starch (+167 g/d), and total NSC (+316 g/d) increased in the p.m.-cut TIM diet. Diets, however, had no effect on the omasal flows and apparent ruminal and total-tract digestibilities of dry matter and organic matter. Intake of N increased in cows fed the p.m.- versus the a.m.-cut TIM diet (562 and 528 g/d, respectively) despite no effect of diets on dry matter intake. Diets did not affect the omasal flows of total nonammonia N, total bacterial nonammonia N, nonammonia and nonbacterial N, and individual AA, and the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. Contrarily, supply of rumen-degradable protein increased (+9.2%) in cows fed the p.m.-cut TIM diet, with this response driven by the 6.4% increase in N intake. Plasma concentrations of essential and nonessential AA followed the omasal flow of AA and were not changed by diets. Feeding the p.m.- versus the a.m.-cut diet significantly increased yields of 4% fat-corrected milk and milk fat, and tended to increase energy-corrected milk, milk true protein, and milk lactose yields. Overall, feeding the p.m.-cut TIM diet to mid-lactation dairy cows did not improve microbial protein synthesis and omasal flow of AA, and these responses were in line with the lack of a treatment effect on dry matter intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Brito
- University of New Hampshire, Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, Durham 03824.
| | - G F Tremblay
- Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Québec City, QC, G1V 2J3, Canada
| | - A Bertrand
- Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Québec City, QC, G1V 2J3, Canada
| | - Y Castonguay
- Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Québec City, QC, G1V 2J3, Canada
| | - G Bélanger
- Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Québec City, QC, G1V 2J3, Canada
| | - C Lafrenière
- Agricultural Research Station, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Notre-Dame-du-Nord, QC J0Z 3B0, Canada
| | - R Martineau
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - R Berthiaume
- Private Consultant, Expert in Forage Systems, Sherbrooke, QC, J1M 0A8, Canada
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Xie B, Yang X, Yang L, Wen X, Zhao G. Adding polyethylene glycol to steer ration containing sorghum tannins increases crude protein digestibility and shifts nitrogen excretion from feces to urine. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:779-786. [PMID: 34466682 PMCID: PMC8384769 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the experiment were to study the effects of adding polyethylene glycol (PEG) to steer ration containing high sorghum tannins on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion, nitrogen (N) balance and plasma biochemical parameters. Eight growing steers at 16 months of age were allotted to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 4 treatments and 4 periods (19 d each). Polyethylene glycol at 0, 1.75, 3.50 and 7.00 g/kg dry matter (DM) were added to a basal ration containing 27.82% DM of sorghum grain (total tannins 3.3 g/kg DM) as the treatments. The results indicated that adding PEG quadratically increased the ruminal pH (P = 0.049), tended to linearly increase the ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids (P = 0.070), increased the molar proportion of acetate (P = 0.016), linearly decreased the molar proportion of butyrate (P = 0.015), and tended to increase the molar proportion of iso-valerate (P = 0.061) and the ruminal concentration of ammonia N (P = 0.092). Adding PEG tended to quadratically decrease the relative abundance of methanogenic archaea (P = 0.082), linearly decreased the relative abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes (P = 0.008) and decreased the relative abundance of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (P = 0.048) at 7.00 g/kg DM. Dietary addition with PEG increased the crude protein (CP) digestibility (P < 0.001) and tended to increase the neutral detergent fiber digestibility (P = 0.066) in a linear manner. Adding PEG to basal ration also increased the plasma globulin concentration (P = 0.029) and tended to linearly increase the plasma total protein concentration (P = 0.069). Adding PEG linearly decreased the fecal N excretion (P < 0.001) and the fecal N-to-total N excretion ratio (P = 0.004) and increased the urinary N-to-total N excretion ratio (P = 0.004) and urinary urea excretion (P = 0.010) without affecting the urinary N and total N excretions (P > 0.05). It was concluded that adding PEG effectively improved the CP digestibility of the ration containing high sorghum tannins but increased the urinary urea excretion without improving the N retention and N retention rate in steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 030600, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xianjiang Wen
- Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 030600, Jinzhong, China
| | - Guangyong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
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Zhao YL, Yan SM, Beauchemin KA, Yang WZ. Feeding diets varying in forage proportion and particle length to lactating dairy cows: II. Effects on duodenal flows and intestinal digestibility of amino acids. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:4355-4366. [PMID: 32113766 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of forage-to-concentrate (F:C) ratio and forage particle length (FPL) on intake, duodenal flow, and digestibility of individual AA in the intestine of lactating dairy cows. The experiment was designed as a 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments using 4 lactating dairy cows (parity 2) with ruminal and duodenal cannulas. Low (35:65) and high (60:40) F:C ratios (dry matter basis) were combined with 2 FPL of alfalfa silage (short vs. long; 7.9 vs. 19.1 mm). Few interactions between F:C and FPL for duodenal flow and intestinal digestibility of AA occurred, but interactions were detected for intakes of several AA. Intake of essential AA and nonessential AA decreased with increasing F:C, and the intake of several individual AA increased or decreased with increasing FPL. Increasing F:C decreased duodenal flows of essential AA, nonessential AA, and microbial AA due to consistent decreased flows of most individual AA (except Glu). Degradability of most individual AA in the rumen was not affected by F:C ratio or FPL except that the degradability of His was greater with high than low F:C diets, and the degradability of Ser was greater with long versus short FPL diets. However, the degradability of individual AA within diet varied considerably. Overall, F:C ratio and FPL did not affect intestinal digestibility of AA and rumen undegradable protein AA, whereas the digestibility of individual AA in the intestine varied considerably regardless of dietary treatment. These results indicate that increasing F:C ratio decreased AA supply due to decreased flow of AA to the duodenum but altering FPL did not affect AA supply. The results also revealed the necessity to consider both the flows and digestibility of individual AA when optimizing ration formulation to meet AA requirements of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - S M Yan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - K A Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - W Z Yang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada.
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7
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ELMASRY AMA, MENDOZA GD, MIRANDA LA, MARTÍNEZ JA, VÁZQUEZ G, PLATA FX. In vitro gas production of high forage diets incubated with two live yeast (Biosaf SC47 and Procreatin 7). THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v88i12.85808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Brito AF, Tremblay GF, Bertrand A, Castonguay Y, Bélanger G, Michaud R, Lafrenière C, Martineau R, Berthiaume R. Performance and nitrogen use efficiency in mid-lactation dairy cows fed timothy cut in the afternoon or morning. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5445-5460. [PMID: 27085409 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Shifting cutting from morning to afternoon has been shown to increase the concentration of nonstructural carbohydrates in forages. We hypothesized that, compared with a total mixed ration containing timothy baleage and silage cut in the morning (a.m.-cut TIM), a total mixed ration containing timothy baleage and silage cut in the afternoon (p.m.-cut TIM) would improve animal performance and N use efficiency in mid-lactation Holstein cows due to enhanced supply of ruminal fermentable energy. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of p.m.- versus a.m.-cut TIM on milk yield, concentrations and yields of milk components, ruminal metabolism, and plasma concentrations of AA in mid-lactation Holstein cows. Ten (6 ruminally cannulated) primiparous cows averaging 139±13 d in milk and 550±56 kg of body weight, and 6 (2 ruminally cannulated) multiparous cows averaging 128±11 d in milk and 632±57 kg of body weight at the beginning of the experiment, were used in a crossover design. Each period lasted 21 d with 14 d for diet adaptation and 7 d for data and sample collection. The concentration of nonstructural carbohydrates (water-soluble carbohydrates plus starch) was numerically greater in the p.m.- versus the a.m.-cut TIM and averaged 13.2±1.06% and 12.2±1.13%, respectively. Treatment × parity effects were observed for milk urea N, feed efficiency, and milk N efficiency, whereas parity effects were observed for nutrient intake, milk yield, and plasma concentration of several essential and nonessential AA. Intakes of dry matter (19.3 versus 18.6 kg/d) and nonstructural carbohydrates (2.56 versus 2.31 kg/d), and yields of 4% fat-corrected milk (23.1 versus 22.2 kg/d), energy-corrected milk (25.0 versus 24.1 kg/d), milk fat (0.91 versus 0.88 kg/d), and milk protein (0.77 versus 0.73 kg/d) were all greatest with feeding p.m.-cut TIM. Milk yield (23.5 versus 22.7 kg/d) tended to increase in cows fed p.m.-cut TIM. The ruminal fermentation profiles and plasma concentrations of AA were mostly unaffected by treatments. However, ruminal valerate (1.01 versus 1.17 mol/100 mol) and plasma Gly (172 versus 188 µM) were lowest with feeding p.m.-cut TIM. Overall, feeding mid-lactation dairy cows a total mixed ration that consisted of p.m.-cut timothy baleage and silage significantly increased dry matter intake and yields of milk, milk fat, and milk protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Brito
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - G F Tremblay
- Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Québec City, QC, Canada G1V 2J3
| | - A Bertrand
- Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Québec City, QC, Canada G1V 2J3
| | - Y Castonguay
- Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Québec City, QC, Canada G1V 2J3
| | - G Bélanger
- Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Québec City, QC, Canada G1V 2J3
| | - R Michaud
- Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Québec City, QC, Canada G1V 2J3
| | - C Lafrenière
- Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada J9X 5E4
| | - R Martineau
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1M 1Z3
| | - R Berthiaume
- Valacta, Dairy Production Centre of Expertise Québec-Atlantic, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3R4.
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Antaya NT, Berthiaume R, Tremblay GF, Brito AF. Short communication: Feeding red clover cut in the afternoon or morning to late-lactation dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:7335-9. [PMID: 26254532 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Forages cut in the afternoon (p.m.) generally yield a higher concentration of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) than those cut in the morning (a.m.). We aimed to compare the effects of p.m.-cut red clover baleage (p.m.-RC) versus a.m.-cut RC baleage (a.m.-RC) on milk yield, concentrations and yields of milk components, and apparent total-tract digestibility of nutrients in late-lactation Holstein cows. Twelve multiparous and 2 primiparous Holstein cows received a total mixed ration containing, on a dry matter (DM) basis, 65% p.m.-RC or a.m.-RC plus 35% concentrate in a crossover design with 14 d for diet adaptation and 7 d for data and sample collection. One RC field was split in 2 with the first half cut in the afternoon (1600 h) and the second half in the following morning (0600 h). The p.m.-RC and a.m.-RC contained (% of DM): 12.6 versus 9.43% NSC in samples collected before the beginning of the experiment and 7.49 versus 7.79% NSC in samples collected during the sampling periods (i.e., d 14 to 21). The total mixed rations averaged 18.2 and 17.5% NSC for the p.m.-RC and a.m.-RC, respectively. Feeding p.m.-RC or a.m.-RC did not improve feed intake or milk yield and composition in late-lactation dairy cows. However, milk urea N and plasma urea N were both lowest in cows offered p.m.-RC. With the exception of the apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, which was highest in cows fed p.m.-RC, no other changes in nutrient digestibility were observed. Similarly, no treatment effect was observed for the urinary excretion of N and purine derivatives. Further research is needed to better understand NSC losses during storage and the associated effects on baleage quality and animal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Antaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - R Berthiaume
- Valacta, Dairy Production Centre of Expertise Quebec-Atlantic, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3R4
| | - G F Tremblay
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 2J3
| | - A F Brito
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824.
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Dorich C, Varner R, Pereira A, Martineau R, Soder K, Brito A. Short communication: Use of a portable, automated, open-circuit gas quantification system and the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique for measuring enteric methane emissions in Holstein cows fed ad libitum or restricted. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:2676-81. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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