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Sesso L, Vanzetti T, Weber J, Vaccani M, Scettrini PR, Sartori C, Ivanovic I, Romanỏ A, Bodmer M, Bacciarini LN, Struchen R, Steiner A, Graber HU. District-Wide Herd Sanitation and Eradication of Intramammary Staphylococcus aureus Genotype B Infection in Dairy Herds in Ticino, Switzerland. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00809-9. [PMID: 38788844 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates successful herd sanitation and eradication of contagious mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus genotype B (S. aureus GTB) in an entire Swiss district (Ticino) including 3,364 dairy cows from 168 farms. Herd sanitation included testing of all cows using a highly GTB specific and sensitive qPCR assay, implementation of related on-farm measures, appropriate antibiotic therapy of GTB-positive cows and culling of therapy-resistant animals, respectively. A treatment index was used as an objective criterion to select GTB-positive cows eligible for culling and replacement payment. 62 herds (37%) were initially GTB-positive with a cow prevalence between 10% and 100% and were submitted to sanitation. Twenty mo after the start of the campaign, all these herds were free from S. aureus GTB, whereby 73% of them were sanitized during the first 7 mo. At the cow level, a total of 343 animals were infected. 50 of them were immediately culled and financially compensated based on their treatment index value. The remaining 293 cows were intramammarily treated with antibiotics either during lactation using the combination of cephalexin-kanamycin or penicillin-gentamicin or at dry-off using cloxacillin. Out of these cows, 275 (93.9%) were treated successfully meaning that their milk was twice GTB-negative by qPCR after therapy. For lactational treatment, control samples were taken ≥10 and ≥20 d after treatment, for dry off treatment ≥14 and ≥24 d after parturition. Neither lactation number nor SCC before treatment of the cow nor the type of therapy were associated with therapeutic cure. Using data of 30 GTB-positive and 71 GTB-negative herds (1855 observations), the impact of GTB sanitation on bulk tank milk SCC (BTSCC) was evaluated applying a linear mixed statistical model. In the year before sanitation, BTSCC was always higher in GTB positive than in GTB negative herds. After the start of the campaign, BTSCC declined rapidly in the herds under GTB sanitation and achieved values that no longer differed statistically from those of GTB-free herds after only 2 mo, remaining very similar for the rest of the campaign. The farmers were very satisfied with the outcome of the campaign as all GTB positive herds could be sanitized rapidly, sanitation was sustainable, and milk quality increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sesso
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Microbiology, Department of Environment, Constructions and Design, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), 6850 Mendrisio, Switzerland
| | - T Vanzetti
- Repubblica e Cantone Ticino, Ufficio del veterinario cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - J Weber
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Vaccani
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Repubblica e Cantone Ticino, Ufficio del veterinario cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - P Riva Scettrini
- Repubblica e Cantone Ticino, Ufficio della consulenza agricola, 6501 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - C Sartori
- Agroscope, Food Microbial Systems, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - I Ivanovic
- Agroscope, Food Microbial Systems, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Romanỏ
- Agroscope, Food Microbial Systems, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Bodmer
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - L N Bacciarini
- Repubblica e Cantone Ticino, Ufficio del veterinario cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - R Struchen
- Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Steiner
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - H U Graber
- Agroscope, Food Microbial Systems, 3003 Bern, Switzerland.
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Gazzola A, Maisano AM, Bianchini V, Vezzoli F, Romanò A, Graber HU, Cremonesi P, Zanardi G, Cappa V, Luini M. Short communication: Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from bulk tank milk of dairy cattle in Lombardy (northern Italy). J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:2685-2692. [PMID: 31954577 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogens causing mastitis in cattle, and it is responsible for economic losses in dairy herds worldwide. The PCR amplification of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer (ribosomal spacer PCR, RS-PCR) allows a rapid classification of the strains in genotypes and genotypic clusters (CL), which are characterized by different epidemiological and clinical properties. Both RS-PCR and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were performed on strains isolated from bovine bulk tank milk (BTM) collected from dairy herds located in the Lombardy region (northern Italy), to outline the distribution of Staph. aureus genotypes in this geographical area. Out of 844 examined samples, 398 were positive for Staph. aureus, with a variable count (cfu/mL) Up to 8 colonies from each sample were genotyped. A total of 1,101 Staph. aureus strains were analyzed with RS-PCR, and only a selection of them (n = 86), in relation to their frequency and geographical origin, underwent MLST. This study revealed 8 major genotypic clusters (CLB, CLC, CLR, CLS, CLI, CLF, CLAO, and CLZ), of which Staph. aureus CLB (29.3%) was the most common. Samples of BTM positive for CLB had a Staph. aureus cfu/mL count significantly higher than the non-CLB positive ones. Our MLST analysis showed genotypes already known as bovine-associated in literature, such as clonal complexes CC8, CC97, and CC151. The same selection of 86 strains was also analyzed for the presence of the adlb gene, which was recently proposed as a possible marker of contagiousness. Most Staph. aureus belonging to CLB or CC8 carried the adlb gene (85%), whereas this gene was detected in only 9% of non-CLB strains (CLAA, CLBI, CLBJ, CLS). In conclusion, the present study confirms that Staph. aureus CLB, which is recognized as a contagious genotype, is a particularly relevant agent of intramammary infection in dairy cows in Lombardy, and indirectly supports the idea that adlb can be a possible marker of contagiousness of isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gazzola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, 26900 Lodi, Italy; Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS "San Matteo," 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A M Maisano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
| | - V Bianchini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - F Vezzoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - A Romanò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, 26900 Lodi, Italy; Agroscope, Food Microbial Systems, Group Microbiological Safety of Foods of Animal Origin, 3003 Berne, Switzerland
| | - H U Graber
- Agroscope, Food Microbial Systems, Group Microbiological Safety of Foods of Animal Origin, 3003 Berne, Switzerland
| | - P Cremonesi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - G Zanardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Reparto Produzione Primaria, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - V Cappa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Osservatorio Epidemiologico Veterinario Regione Lombardia, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - M Luini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, 26900 Lodi, Italy
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Leuenberger A, Sartori C, Boss R, Resch G, Oechslin F, Steiner A, Moreillon P, Graber H. Genotypes of Staphylococcus aureus: On-farm epidemiology and the consequences for prevention of intramammary infections. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:3295-3309. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Sartori C, Boss R, Bodmer M, Leuenberger A, Ivanovic I, Graber H. Sanitation of Staphylococcus aureus genotype B-positive dairy herds: A field study. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6897-6914. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cousin ME, Härdi-Landerer MC, Völk V, Bodmer M. Control of Staphylococcus aureus in dairy herds in a region with raw milk cheese production: farmers' attitudes, knowledge, behaviour and belief in self-efficacy. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:46. [PMID: 29433483 PMCID: PMC5810121 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1352-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Contagious mastitis is an important disease in dairy cattle, and the causative agent S. aureus can also impair raw milk cheese quality. In a confined region in eastern Switzerland attitude, knowledge and behaviour towards S. aureus und S. aureus control was assessed in 90 dairy farmers with communal alpine pasturing including raw milk cheese production with the aid of a questionnaire. Results Forty-three out of 90 questionnaires were returned (48% return rate). Farmers perceived reproductive problems as most important in their dairy herds followed by respiratory disease and diarrhoea in young stock. Most frequently stated as important motivating factors to participate in S. aureus control were “avoiding negative news about cheese quality in the press” followed by “I want to be proud of my somatic cell counts again”. Most frequently chosen and identified as important constraining factors were “I fear that the authorities dictate and the farmers are not heard” followed by “costs to control S. aureus are too high because of premature culling” and “I am afraid to be forced to cull genetically valuable cows”. Farmers with an experience of a S. aureus problem in their dairy herds had a significantly better knowledge about contagiosity and clinical manifestation of different S. aureus genotypes than farmers with no self-reported experience of a S. aureus problem. Veterinarians were indicated as the most important experts, farmers seek advice in case of mastitis and most farmers suggested subsidising bacteriological milk analysis as an incentive to motivate farmers towards S. aureus control. Conclusion According to the results an improved knowledge transfer on S. aureus to dairy producers and an integrative approach to a S. aureus control program with subsidising milk analysis will be most promising to improve the S. aureus situation in this confinded region of eastern Switzerland. Veterinarians should cover a key role in consulting farmers during the control program. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1352-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Cousin
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Christina Härdi-Landerer
- Institute of agricultural science, Animal Physiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Verena Völk
- Tierarztpraxis Dr. med. vet. Markus Nydegger, Scherlihalde 5, 3145, Niederscherli, Switzerland
| | - Michèle Bodmer
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.
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Bi Y, Wang YJ, Qin Y, Guix Vallverdú R, Maldonado García J, Sun W, Li S, Cao Z. Prevalence of Bovine Mastitis Pathogens in Bulk Tank Milk in China. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155621. [PMID: 27187065 PMCID: PMC4871341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to estimate the herd prevalence of major mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk (BTM) in China dairy herds, to determine the relationship between the presence of mastitis pathogens and bulk tank milk somatic cell counts (BTSCC), and to investigate the impact of different dairy cattle farming modes and region on bacterial species. BTM samples collected from 894 dairy herds in China were examined for the presence of mastitis pathogens. The Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) cards were used for BTM sample collection, storage, and transportation and bacterial DNA amplification by real-time PCR. Among contagious pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus dysgalactiae were detected in 50.1, 92.2, and 72.3% of the 894 BTM samples, respectively. Among environmental pathogens, E. coli, Streptococcus uberis, Enterococcus spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia marcescens, Corynebacterium bovis, and Arcanobacterium pyogenes were detected in 28.6, 8.9, 35.7, 20.0, 1.3, 17.0, and 67.2% of the BTM samples, respectively. Staphylococcal β-lactamase gene was detected in 61.7% of the BTM samples. The presence of Staphylococcus aureus and Arcanobacterium pyogenes were significantly associated with high BTSCC, respectively. Significant differences were found in presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus dysgalactiae in BTM sampled from the small household farms, dairy-farming communities, and large-scaled dairy farms. There were significant differences in the presence of Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Arcanobacterium pyogenes, staphylococcal β-lactamase gene, Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella spp., Enterococcus spp., and Streptococcus uberis in BTM among Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, and Hebei province. In conclusion, contagious mammary pathogens are predominated among pathogens in BTM samples in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safty Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safty Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Qin
- Laboratorios Hipra S.A., Amer Giron, Spain
| | | | | | - Wei Sun
- Laboratorios Hipra S.A., Amer Giron, Spain
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safty Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (SLL); (ZJC)
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safty Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (SLL); (ZJC)
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Guccione J, Cosandey A, Pesce A, Di Loria A, Pascale M, Piantedosi D, Steiner A, Graber H, Ciaramella P. Clinical outcomes and molecular genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk samples of dairy primiparous Mediterranean buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:7606-13. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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