1
|
Toquet M, Bataller E, Toledo-Perona R, Gomis J, Contreras A, Sánchez A, Jiménez-Trigos E, Gómez-Martín Á. In Vitro Interaction between Mycoplasma agalactiae and Small Ruminants' Endogenous Bacterial Strains of Enterococcus spp. and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus. Microorganisms 2024; 12:406. [PMID: 38399811 PMCID: PMC10891560 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, an antimicrobial effect on Mycoplasma agalactiae (Ma), the main etiological agent of contagious agalactia (CA), was reported in vitro with strains of Enterococcus spp. from ovine and caprine milk. The aim of this work was to evaluate the interaction of Ma with the same Enterococcus spp. isolated from other anatomical locations (vagina) and other bacterial populations present in milk, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). The vaginal Enterococcus strains and the raw milk CNS were isolated from sheep and goats. Experimental in vitro conditions were prepared to assess the growth of Ma with and without the presence of these strains. The selected vaginal strains were identified as Enterococcus (E.) hirae and E. mundtii, and the strains of CNS were identified as Staphylococcus petrasii. Different interactions of Ma with ovine and caprine wild vaginal strains of Enterococcus and dairy strains of CNS are described for the first time: Ma can grow exponentially during 15 h with the selected strains, although with certain strains, its optimal growth can be negatively affected (p < 0.05). The colonization and/or excretion of Ma could, therefore, be influenced by certain endogenous bacterial strains. Our results increase the knowledge about possible bacterial ecology dynamics surrounding CA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Toquet
- Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBIO) Research Group, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Carrer Tirant lo Blanc, 7, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Bataller
- Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBIO) Research Group, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Carrer Tirant lo Blanc, 7, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Toledo-Perona
- Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBIO) Research Group, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Carrer Tirant lo Blanc, 7, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Gomis
- Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBIO) Research Group, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Carrer Tirant lo Blanc, 7, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Contreras
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Sánchez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Estrella Jiménez-Trigos
- Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBIO) Research Group, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Carrer Tirant lo Blanc, 7, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Gómez-Martín
- Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBIO) Research Group, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Carrer Tirant lo Blanc, 7, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lysitsas M, Spyrou V, Billinis C, Valiakos G. Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci as an Etiologic Agent of Ovine Mastitis, with a Focus on Subclinical Forms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1661. [PMID: 38136695 PMCID: PMC10740641 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to investigate the distribution and the characteristics of coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) implicated in ovine mastitis, and especially in subclinical cases, in order to provide a global perspective of the current research data and analyze specific critical aspects of the issue. PRISMA guidelines were implemented in the search of the last 20 years of the related literature in two databases. In total, 139 studies were included in this review. Relevant data were tracked down, assembled, and compared. Regarding the geographical distribution, most studies originated from Europe (68), followed by South America (33). Lacaune was the most examined breed, while S. epidermidis was the predominantly identified species, representing approximately 39% of the obtained isolates. Antibiotic resistance in the relevant bacteria was documented mostly for Penicillin (32.8%) and Amoxicillin (32.1%), while biofilm- and toxin-associated genes were encountered in variable rates because significant inequalities were observed between different articles. Significantly higher rates of antimicrobial resistance were detected in Asia and South America compared to Europe. Finally, the diagnostic procedures carried out in the respective studies were evaluated. Conventional culture and biochemical tests were mostly performed for simple strain identification; therefore, further molecular investigation of isolates should be pursued in future studies, as this will provide important data regarding specific aspects of the implication of CoNS in ovine mastitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marios Lysitsas
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (M.L.); (C.B.)
| | - Vassiliki Spyrou
- Department of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Charalambos Billinis
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (M.L.); (C.B.)
| | - George Valiakos
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (M.L.); (C.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lactate dehydrogenase: Detecting high bacterial and somatic cells counts in goats from whole milk samples. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
4
|
Safety Issues Regarding the Detection of Antibiotics Residues, Microbial Indicators and Somatic Cell Counts in Ewes’ and Goats’ Milk Reared in Two Different Farming Systems. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Milk samples of ewes’ and goats’ unprocessed milk were collected from milk tanks from various farms in Epirus, Greece and classified in two groups according to the type of farming. Analyses of the samples included microbial inhibition assays to detect the presence of antibiotic residues, isolation of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains as microbiological indicators for susceptibility to antimicrobial medicines, Somatic Cells and Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS) counts. These findings were correlated with each other as well as to the stage of the lactation period and to the type of the farming practices. Monitoring of bulk tank milk for residues of antibiotics should be performed after heating of the milk, on a regular basis, and should include at least two different tests. The results point out that the type of farming affects the CNS counts as well as the prevalence of residues in the milk. Furthermore, the inverse correlation between CNS counts and prevalence of residues of antibiotics suggests a possible protective role of CNS. Resistance of the bacterial indicators to antibiotics was random and relatively rare, perhaps acquired in past due to misuse of antibiotics, turning the indicator microorganisms to reservoir of resistance.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zeleke MM, Kenyon PR, Flay KJ, Aberdein D, Pain SJ, Peterson SW, Ridler AL. Effect of Palpable Udder Defects on Milk Yield, Somatic Cell Count, and Milk Composition in Non-Dairy Ewes. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102831. [PMID: 34679853 PMCID: PMC8532620 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In non-dairy ewes, udder defects hinder the survival and weight gain of their pre-weaned lambs. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of palpable udder defects on milk yield, somatic cell count (SCC), and milk composition in non-dairy Romney ewes. Ewes with a history of udder defects or normal udders were selected for the study. Of a total of 48 ewes that lambed, 30 ewes reared at least one lamb, and were milked six times, once weekly, for the first six weeks of lactation. Udder halves were palpated and scored at each milking event. Multivariate linear mixed models examined the impacts of udder defects on udder-half and whole-udder milk yield, SCC, and milk composition (fat, protein, lactose, total solids, and solids non-fat (SNF)). Across the six examinations, 24.7% of the total 352 udder-half examinations were observed to be defective. Udder halves that were defective at least once produced on average 57.9% less (p < 0.05) milk than normal udder halves, while normal udder halves with a contralateral defective half yielded 33.5% more (p < 0.05) milk than normal udder halves. Successive occurrence of both hard and lump udder defect categories in an udder-half, udder defect detection early in lactation, and a high frequency of udder defect detection were all associated with udder-half milk yield loss (p < 0.05). At the whole-udder level, no differences in milk yield (p > 0.05) were observed between those with one udder-half defective and both normal udder-halves. However, udders in which one udder half was categorised as hard but progressed to lump and remained as lump until 42 days of lactation produced less (p < 0.05) milk compared with normal udders. With the exception of SNF, there were no significant associations (p > 0.05) between milk composition parameters and udder defect. Overall, these findings emphasise the importance of udder health in non-dairy ewes and the potential effect of udder defects on their lambs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandefrot M. Zeleke
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, 4410 Palmerston North, New Zealand; (D.A.); (A.L.R.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia
- Correspondence:
| | - Paul R. Kenyon
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, 4410 Palmerston North, New Zealand; (P.R.K.); (S.J.P.); (S.W.P.)
| | - Kate J. Flay
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Danielle Aberdein
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, 4410 Palmerston North, New Zealand; (D.A.); (A.L.R.)
| | - Sarah J. Pain
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, 4410 Palmerston North, New Zealand; (P.R.K.); (S.J.P.); (S.W.P.)
| | - Sam W. Peterson
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, 4410 Palmerston North, New Zealand; (P.R.K.); (S.J.P.); (S.W.P.)
| | - Anne L. Ridler
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, 4410 Palmerston North, New Zealand; (D.A.); (A.L.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hussein HA, Fouad MT, Abd El-Razik KA, Abo El-Maaty AM, D'Ambrosio C, Scaloni A, Gomaa AM. Study on prevalence and bacterial etiology of mastitis, and effects of subclinical mastitis and stage of lactation on SCC in dairy goats in Egypt. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:3091-3097. [PMID: 32577937 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In Egypt, inadequate information on prevalence and epidemiology of caprine mastitis is available. This study was designed to investigate prevalence and etiological agents of caprine mastitis and assess the efficacy of somatic cell count (SCC) as marker of subclinical mastitis (SCM) in dairy goats. This study was carried out on 249 randomly selected lactating goats in different lactation stages and examined clinically. Of these animals, 477 milk samples were aseptically collected and screened for bacterial carriage. SCC was assessed in 234 apparently normal milk samples, and SCC ≥ 106 cells/ml was indicator for SCM. Prevalence of clinical mastitis (CM) was 33.73% and 16.87% at animal and udder-half levels, respectively. SCM was 52.56% in the apparently healthy halves. Culture results proved single infection in 49.69% of samples, mixed infection in 23.9% of samples, and 26.41% of samples were negative. Coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most predominant bacteria (58.75%), then Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (24.375%), and Streptococci (1.875%) were the least. No significant difference was recorded between mean of SCC in bacteriologically positive and negative samples, neither in those with SCC ≤ 106 nor with SCC ≥ 106 cells/ml both in middle and late lactation stages. Besides, the percentage of animals harboring SCC ≥ 106 cells/ml and negative for bacteriology in late lactation stage was 3 times (28.57%) more than in midlactation (9.3%). We can assume that SCC is not proper indicator for intra-mammary inflammation (IMI) in goats, and bacteriological examination remains more efficient, despites being time consuming and expensive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hany A Hussein
- Department of Animal Reproduction and AI, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, El Buhouth st., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt. .,Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Detective Technology, Department of Veterinary Research, Guangdong Haid Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary (GHIAHV), Guangzhou, 511400, China.
| | - Mohammed T Fouad
- Department of Dairy Science, Food Industry and Nutrition Division, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Abd El-Razik
- Department of Animal Reproduction and AI, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, El Buhouth st., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Amal M Abo El-Maaty
- Department of Animal Reproduction and AI, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, El Buhouth st., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - C D'Ambrosio
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment (ISPAAM), National Research Council, 80147, Naples, Italy
| | - A Scaloni
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment (ISPAAM), National Research Council, 80147, Naples, Italy
| | - A M Gomaa
- Department of Mastitis and Neonatal Diseases, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Correlation between Milk Bacteriology, Cytology and Mammary Tissue Histology in Cows: Cure from the Pathogen or Recovery from the Inflammation. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050364. [PMID: 32397457 PMCID: PMC7281236 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to verify the existence of a significant correlation between bacterial isolation (or not) and mammary gland inflammation, using traditional bacterial culturing and PCR, milk leucocytes distributions, and tissue histology. Twenty-two cows were tested at the level of the individual gland for bacteriological culture and real-time PCR (RT-PCR), milk composition, somatic cells count (SCC), and cell differentiation. Post-slaughter samples of teat-ends and mammary tissues were tested for histology and bacteriology by RT-PCR. The 88 glands were assigned to either outcome: 1. Healthy—no inflammation and no bacterial finding (NBF) (n = 33); 2. Inflammation and NBF (n = 26); 3. Inflammation and intra-mammary infection (n = 22) with different bacteria. Bacteriology of milk samples and that of the RT-PCR showed 91.4% agreement. In the lobule’s tissues of healthy glands, ~50% were milk producers and the other glands had dry areas with increased fat globules with a low number of leukocytes. In contrast, ~75% of the infected glands were identified as inflamed, but with no isolation of bacteria. Infiltration of mononuclear cells and neutrophils into the connective tissue was observed but not in the lobule’s lumen. In summary, the study confirms that not every mastitis/inflammation is also an infection.
Collapse
|
8
|
Liang J, Mao G, Yin X, Ma L, Liu L, Bai Y, Zhang T, Qu J. Identification and quantification of bacterial genomes carrying antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factor genes for aquatic microbiological risk assessment. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 168:115160. [PMID: 31614233 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems have been increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities, e.g., wastewater discharge and farm operation. Several methods are adopted to evaluate the effects of anthropogenic activities on biological risk in the environment, such as qPCR and amplicon next-generation sequencing. However, these methods fall short of providing genomic information of target species, which is vital for risk assessment from genomic aspect. Here, we developed a novel approach integrating metagenomic analysis and flow cytometry to identify and quantify potential pathogenic antibiotic resistant bacteria (PARB; carrying both antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factor genes (VFGs)) in the environment, which are of particular concern due to their infection ability and antibiotic resistance. Based on the abundance/density of PARB, we evaluated microbiological risk in a river impacted by both municipal drainage and agriculture runoff. We collected samples upstream (mountainous area) as the control. Results showed that 81.8% of dominant PARB (33) recovered using our approach were related to known pathogenic taxa. In addition, intragenomic ARGs-VFGs coexistence patterns in the dominant Pseudomonas genomes (20 out of 71 PARB) showed high similarity with the most closely related Pseudomonas genomes from the NCBI RefSeq database. These results reflect acceptable reliability of the approach for (potential) pathogen identification in environmental samples. According to the PARB density, microbiological risk in samples from the agricultural area was significantly higher than in samples from the urban area. We speculated that this was due to the higher antibiotic usage in agriculture as well as intragenomic ARGs-VFGs co-evolution under antibiotic selective pressure. This study provides an alternative approach for the identification and quantification of PARB in aquatic environments, which can be applied for microbiological risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guannan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaole Yin
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liping Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Process and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yaohui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Leitner G, Rovai M, Merin U. Clinical and subclinical intrammamay infection caused by coagulase negative staphylococci negatively affect milk yield and its quality in dairy sheep. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Abstract
Staphylococci have been isolated from various sites of the body of healthy sheep, as well as from many infections of those animals, the main one being mastitis. The objective of this review is to appraise the importance and significance of staphylococci in causing mastitis in ewes. The review includes a brief classification and taxonomy of staphylococci and describes the procedures for their isolation and identification, as well as their virulence determinants and the mechanisms of resistance to antibacterial agents. Various staphylococcal species have been implicated in staphylococcal mastitis and the characteristics of isolates are discussed with regards to potential virulence factors. Staphylococcal mastitis is explicitly described, with reference to sources of infection, the course of the disease and the relevant control measures. Finally, the potential significance of staphylococci present in ewes' milk for public health is discussed briefly.
Collapse
|
11
|
Vasileiou NGC, Cripps PJ, Ioannidi KS, Chatzopoulos DC, Gougoulis DA, Sarrou S, Orfanou DC, Politis AP, Gonzalez-Valerio TC, Argyros S, Mavrogianni VS, Petinaki E, Fthenakis GC. Extensive countrywide field investigation of subclinical mastitis in sheep in Greece. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7297-7310. [PMID: 29859691 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this work were (1) to investigate prevalence of subclinical mastitis, (2) to identify etiological agents involved, and (3) to study factors potentially predisposing ewes to subclinical mastitis. Milk samples were collected from 2,198 ewes in 111 farms with a total population of 35,925 ewes, in all 13 administrative regions of Greece, for bacteriological and cytological examination. Prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 0.260. Main etiological agents were staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative species), which accounted for 0.699 of all isolates recovered; prevalence of staphylococcal mastitis was 0.191. In a multivariable mixed-effects analysis, the primary factor found to be associated with increased prevalence of subclinical mastitis was the management system practiced in flocks (flocks under a semi-intensive system had the highest prevalence). Other factors that were included in the multivariable model were the stage of lactation period (ewes in the 2nd month postpartum showed the highest prevalence) and application of postmilking teat dipping. In contrast, measures taken at the end of a lactation period (e.g., intramammary administration of antimicrobial agents) were not found to have an effect on prevalence of subclinical mastitis. The results confirmed the significance of subclinical mastitis as a frequent problem of ewes, with staphylococci as the primary etiological agent. The findings confirm the multifactorial nature of subclinical mastitis and indicate that its control should rely on many approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N G C Vasileiou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - P J Cripps
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, South Wirral, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - K S Ioannidi
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - D C Chatzopoulos
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | | | - S Sarrou
- University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - D C Orfanou
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory of Rhodes, Hellenic Ministry of Rural Development and Food, 85100 Rhodes, Greece
| | - A P Politis
- Politis Veterinary Center, 26500 Ovria Ahaias, Greece
| | | | - S Argyros
- Laboratorios HIPRA S.A., 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | - V S Mavrogianni
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - E Petinaki
- University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - G C Fthenakis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Godden S, Royster E, Timmerman J, Rapnicki P, Green H. Evaluation of an automated milk leukocyte differential test and the California Mastitis Test for detecting intramammary infection in early- and late-lactation quarters and cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:6527-6544. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
13
|
Acosta AC, Silva LBGD, Medeiros ES, Pinheiro-Júnior JW, Mota RA. Mastites em ruminantes no Brasil. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2016000700001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resumo: A mastite é uma doença complexa e considerada uma das principais causas de perdas à indústria leiteira mundial. Objetivou-se com esta revisão compilar informações dos últimos dez anos sobre a mastite em ruminantes no Brasil. A prevalência da mastite subclínica chega a 48,64% na espécie bovina, 30,7% na espécie caprina, 31,45% na espécie ovina e 42,2% na espécie bubalina, destacando-se a etiologia por Staphylococcus spp. Os fatores de risco associados à ocorrência de mastite estão relacionados a problemas no saneamento ambiental e ao manejo dos animais. As bactérias isoladas do leite mastítico apresentam maior percentual de resistência a penicilina, ampicilina, amoxicilina e neomicina e a utilização de técnicas moleculares no diagnóstico dos agentes causadores de mastites no país, ainda é escassa o que dificulta a obtenção de um diagnóstico mais rápido, sensível e específico.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abdelgawad AR, Rovai M, Caja G, Leitner G, Castillo M. Evaluating coagulation properties of milk from dairy sheep with subclinical intramammary infection using near infrared light scatter. A preliminary study. J FOOD ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
15
|
Preethirani PL, Isloor S, Sundareshan S, Nuthanalakshmi V, Deepthikiran K, Sinha AY, Rathnamma D, Nithin Prabhu K, Sharada R, Mukkur TK, Hegde NR. Isolation, Biochemical and Molecular Identification, and In-Vitro Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Bubaline Subclinical Mastitis in South India. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142717. [PMID: 26588070 PMCID: PMC4654528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Buffaloes are the second largest source of milk. Mastitis is a major impediment for milk production, but not much information is available about bubaline mastitis, especially subclinical mastitis. The aim of this study was to (a) investigate the application of various tests for the diagnosis of bubaline subclinical mastitis, (b) identify the major bacteria associated with it, and (c) evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of the bacteria. To this end, 190 quarter milk samples were collected from 57 domesticated dairy buffaloes from organized (64 samples) and unorganized (126 samples) sectors. Of these, 48.4%, 40.0%, 45.8%, 61.1%, and 61.6% were positive for subclinical mastitis by somatic cell count, electrical conductivity, California mastitis test, bromothymol blue test, and N-acetyl glucosaminidase test, respectively. As compared to the gold standard of somatic cell count, California mastitis test performed the best. However, a combination of the two methods was found to be the best option. Microbiological evaluation, both by biochemical methods as well as by monoplex and multiplex polymerase chain reaction, revealed that coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most predominant (64.8%) bacteria, followed by streptococci (18.1%), Escherichia coli (9.8%) and Staphylococcus aureus (7.3%). Most of the pathogens were resistant to multiple antibiotics, especially to β-lactam antibiotics. We propose that California mastitis test be combined with somatic cell count for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in domestic dairy buffaloes. Further, our results reveal high resistance of the associated bacteria to the β-lactam class of antibiotics, and a possible major role of coagulase-negative staphylococci in causing the disease in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. L. Preethirani
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shrikrishna Isloor
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - S. Sundareshan
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - V. Nuthanalakshmi
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - K. Deepthikiran
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - Akhauri Y. Sinha
- Ella Foundation, Genome Valley, Turkapally, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, India
| | - D. Rathnamma
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - K. Nithin Prabhu
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - R. Sharada
- Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India
| | - Trilochan K. Mukkur
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nagendra R. Hegde
- Ella Foundation, Genome Valley, Turkapally, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rovai M, Caja G, Quevedo JM, Manuelian CL, Saldo J, Salama AA, Torre P, Arana I, Such X, Leitner G. Effect of subclinical intramammary infection on milk quality in dairy sheep: II. Matured-pressed cheese (Manchego) produced from milk of uninfected and infected glands and from their blends. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
Maristela R, Natalia R, Gerardo C, Jordi S, Gabriel L. Effect of subclinical intrammamay infection on milk quality in dairy sheep: I. Fresh-soft cheese produced from milk of uninfected and infected glands and from their blends. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|