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Panahiha P, Mirzaei-Alamouti H, Kazemi-Bonchenari M, Aschenbach JR. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation of dairy calves fed starter diets with alfalfa hay versus corn silage as forage and soybean oil versus palm fatty acids as fat source. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:9597-9609. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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2
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Monjezi Y, Sari M, Chaji M, Ferret A. Effects of concentrate starch level and free-choice provision of straw on performance, feeding behaviour and feed sorting of fattening lambs. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Liu K, Zhang Y, Huang G, Zheng N, Zhao S, Wang J. Ruminal bacterial community is associated with the variations of total milk solid content in Holstein lactating cows. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 9:175-183. [PMID: 35573096 PMCID: PMC9079714 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Total milk solid (TMS) content directly reflects the quality of milk. Rumen bacteria ferment dietary components, the process of which generates the precursors for the synthesis of milk solid, therefore, the variation in rumen bacterial community could be associated with milk solid in dairy cows. In this study, 45 healthy mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows with the similar body weight, lactation stage, and milk yield were initially used for the selection of 10 cows with high TMS (HS) and 10 cows with low TMS (LS). All those animals were under the same feeding management, and the individual milk yield was recorded for 14 consecutive days before milk and rumen fluid were sampled. Rumen fluid was used to determine bacterial community by 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique. The HS cows had significantly greater feed intake and milk TMS, fat, protein content than LS cows (P < 0.05). Among the volatile fatty acids (VFA), propionic acid and valeric acid concentrations were significantly greater in HS cows than those in LS cows (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the concentrations of acetate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, and the total VFA (P > 0.05), nor was the acetate-to-propionate ratio, pH value, ammonia nitrogen and microbial crude protein concentrations (P > 0.05). Significant differences in the relative abundances of some bacterial genera were found between HS and LS cows. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed that TMS content was correlated positively with the abundances of Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group, Prevotellaceae UCG-001, Butyrivibrio 2, Prevotellaceae UCG-003, Candidatus Saccharimonas, Ruminococcus 2, Lachnospiraceae XPB1014 group, probable genus 10, Eubacterium ventriosum group, but negatively correlated with Pyramidobacte. In addition, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Ruminococcus 2, Ruminococcaceae UCG001, probable genus 10 and Eubacterium ventriosum group might boost the total VFA production in the rumen. In conclusion, the dry matter intake of dairy cows and some special bacteria in rumen were significantly associated with TMS content, which suggests the potential function of rumen bacteria contributing to TMS content in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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4
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Quadros D, Whitney T, Weishuhn C. Influence of particle size of cottonseed hulls and bermudagrass hay on intake, sorting behavior, and rumen fluid parameters of feedlot lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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5
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Wang Y, Xia K, Wang XN, Lin X, Liu J, Li YJ, Liu XL, Zhao WJ, Zhang YG, Guo JH. Improvement of feed intake, digestibility, plasma metabolites, and lactation performance of dairy cows fed mixed silage of sugar beet pulp and rice straw inoculated with lactic acid bacteria. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:269-280. [PMID: 34600711 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the inclusion effects of sugar beet pulp and rice straw mixture silage with inoculation (BRMS), in place of whole-plant corn silage (CS), on the dry matter intake, total-tract nutrient digestibility, plasma metabolites, rumen fermentation, and lactation performance in high-production dairy cows. Sixteen multiparous Holstein cows (body weight, 622 ± 35 kg; days in milk, 90 ± 11 d; mean ± standard deviation) were used in our experiments; the experiments were based on a repeated 4 × 4 Latin square design for 21 d, and each experimental period consisted of 14 d of adaptation, followed by 7 d of data collection. The 4 dietary treatments used were (dry matter basis): (1) 0% BRMS and 28.6% CS (0BRMS); (2) 4.3% BRMS and 24.3% CS (15BRMS); (3) 8.60% BRMS and 20.0% CS (30BRMS); and (4) 12.9% BRMS and 15.7% CS (45BRMS). The increasing inclusion of dietary BRMS was observed to linearly increase the total volatile fatty acids and the propionate concentration. The dry matter intake and digestibility values of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber increased linearly as the percentage of BRMS increased up to 45%. Milk yield linearly increased with the increase in the content of BRMS (39.0, 39.8, 40.9, and 40.3 kg/d for 0BRMS, 15BRMS, 30BRMS, and 45BRMS, respectively). The increasing inclusion of dietary BRMS induced a decrease in the ammonia nitrogen and milk urea nitrogen concentration, leading to a linear increase in milk protein production (1.15, 1.26, 1.35, and 1.27 kg/d for 0BRMS, 15BRMS, 30BRMS, and 45BRMS, respectively). In conclusion, the diets with the replacement of CS with BRMS up to 45% were beneficial to the production performance of high-production dairy cows, indicating that this method may be an appropriate use of sugar beet pulp and rice straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China; Animal Science and Technology Institute, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - K Xia
- China Oil and Foodstuffs Corporation, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - X N Wang
- Agricultural Experiment Base, Changchun, 130015, China
| | - X Lin
- AB Agri Ltd., 200050, Shanghai, China
| | - J Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Y J Li
- Animal Science and Technology Institute, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - X L Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China.
| | - W J Zhao
- Harbin Wondersun Pasture, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Y G Zhang
- Animal Science and Technology Institute, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - J H Guo
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
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6
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Müller LR, Gouvêa DICG, Francischinelli AF, Alvarenga GDA, Castagnino PS, Cappellozza BI, de Sousa OA, Meirelles PRL, Costa C, Martins CL, Arrigoni MB. Effects of the association between whole cottonseed and calcium salts of fatty acids on nutrient intake, feedlot performance, and carcass characteristics of Bos indicus animals offered a high-concentrate diet. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab207. [PMID: 34988374 PMCID: PMC8706824 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment evaluated the effects of feeding whole cottonseed (WC) and/or calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) on dry matter intake (DMI), performance, and carcass characteristics of Bos indicus animals receiving a high-concentrate diet during the finishing phase. On day 0, 96 Nellore bulls were blocked according to initial shrunk body weight (BW; 302 ± 26.7 kg) into group pens (four animals/pen) and, within blocks, pens were randomly assigned to receive: 1) 15% of WC and 2% of CSFA (dry matter [DM] basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (15WC; n = 6); 2) 10% of WC and 3% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (10WC; n = 6); 3) 5% of WC and 4% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (5WC; n = 6); and 4) 0% of WC and 5% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (0WC; n = 6). Diets were formulated to be isocaloric, isonitrogenous, and isolipidic. Experimental period lasted 108 d; DMI was evaluated daily, whereas blood samples and carcass measurements were obtained on days 0, 55, and 108 of the study. Upon slaughter on day 109, steaks were collected for determination of the chemical and fatty acid (FA) profile of the meat. No treatment effects (P ≥ 0.35) were observed on DMI, performance, average daily gain (ADG), carcass ultrasound measurements, and chemical variables of the steak. Nonetheless, including WC into the diets decreased C12:0, C16:0, C16:1 trans-9, C17:0, C18:0, C18:1 cis-9, C18:2 cis-9, cis-12, C18:3 cis-9, cis-12, cis-15, saturated, and unsaturated FA intake (P < 0.01). Moreover, adding WC increased DMI fluctuation and feed efficiency (FE; P = 0.03) but decreased marbling (P ≤ 0.03). A treatment × day interaction was observed (P < 0.01) for serum leptin concentration, as 10WC animals had greater leptin concentration on day 103 vs. other treatments (P < 0.01). Regarding steak FA profile, WC addition into the diet increased C18:2 cis-7, trans-9 and C18:3 cis-9, cis-12, cis-15 (P < 0.001), whereas saturated FA was quadratically affected (P = 0.02) and unsaturated FA was reduced for 15WC (P < 0.04). In summary, increasing levels of CSFA into isolipidic finishing diets containing WC did not negatively impact feedlot performance but reduced FE and increased marbling scores of B. indicus bulls, demonstrating its feasibility as a technology to improve carcass traits of low-marbling animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo R Müller
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel I C G Gouvêa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - André F Francischinelli
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Guiherme D A Alvarenga
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Pablo S Castagnino
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | | | - Osvaldo A de Sousa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
- Nutricorp, Araras, SP 13601-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo R L Meirelles
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Ciniro Costa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Cyntia L Martins
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Mario B Arrigoni
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
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7
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Andreen DM, Haan MM, Dechow CD, Harvatine KJ. Determination of relationships between rumination and milk fat concentration and fatty acid profile using data from commercial rumination sensing systems. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:8901-8917. [PMID: 34024599 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Milk fat production is highly influenced by nutrition and rumen fermentation. Rumination is an essential part of the ruminant digestive process and can serve as an indicator of rumen fermentation. The objective of this research was to quantify variation in rumination time between and within dairy herds and test for relationships between rumination time and milk fat production and fatty acid (FA) profile as a proxy of rumen fermentation. Our hypothesis was that rumination may indicate disruptions to rumen fermentation and that cows that spent less time ruminating would have lower milk fat due to these rumen disruptions. Data were collected from 1,733 Holstein cows on 5 commercial dairy farms (4 in Pennsylvania and 1 in New York) of 200 to 700 head using 1 of 2 commercially-available rumination sensing systems, CowManager SensOor ear tags (Agis Automatisering BV) or SCR model HR-LDn neck collars (SCR Engineers). Rumination data were collected for 7 consecutive days leading up to a DHIA test, summed within day, then averaged to obtain mean daily minutes of rumination time. Milk samples from the DHIA test were analyzed for fat content by mid-infrared spectroscopy and for milk FA profile by gas chromatography. Rumination data were analyzed using multiple linear regression models. Rumination time was related to concentration of specific odd- and branched-chain and trans FA in milk but was not directly related to milk fat concentration. Rumination time also did not contribute to models predicting milk fat concentration after accounting for other cow-level variables. There was a linear relationship between trans-10 C18:1 and rumination time that was positive after accounting for the effect of farm (partial R2 of 2.97% across all data, 4.24% in SCR data, and 2.22% in CowManager data). Although rumination time was not related directly to milk fat, it was associated with differences in trans and odd- and branched-chain FA that have been demonstrated to change during subacute ruminal acidosis or biohydrogenation-induced milk fat depression, which may affect milk fat and other production variables. These associations suggest that further investigation into using rumination data from commercial systems to predict or identify the presence of these conditions is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Andreen
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - M M Haan
- Penn State Extension, Leesport, PA 19533
| | - C D Dechow
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - K J Harvatine
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
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8
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Distel RA, Arroquy JI, Lagrange S, Villalba JJ. Designing Diverse Agricultural Pastures for Improving Ruminant Production Systems. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.596869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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9
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Li C, Beauchemin KA, Yang W. Feeding diets varying in forage proportion and particle length to lactating dairy cows: I. Effects on ruminal pH and fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, digestibility, and milk production. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:4340-4354. [PMID: 32197848 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) content of dairy cow diets was modified by varying the theoretical chop length of alfalfa silage and forage:concentrate (F:C) ratio, and effects on nutrient intakes, ruminal fermentation, site and extent of digestion, microbial protein synthesis, and milk production were evaluated. Estimates of dietary peNDF contents were compared with recommendations, and predictions of ruminal pH from peNDF and the recently developed physically adjusted neutral detergent fiber (paNDF) system were compared with observed pH. The experiment was designed as a triple 4 × 4 Latin square using 12 mid-lactating dairy cows with 4 intact, 4 ruminally cannulated, and 4 ruminally and duodenally cannulated cows. Site and extent of digestion and microbial protein synthesis were measured in a single 4 × 4 Latin square. Treatments were a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement; 2 forage particle lengths (FPL) of alfalfa silage (short and long) were combined with low (35:65) and high (60:40) F:C ratios [dry matter (DM) basis]. The peNDF contents were determined by multiplying the proportion (DM basis) of total mixed ration retained on 2 (8 and 19 mm; peNDF8.0) or 3 (1.18, 8, and 19 mm; peNDF1.18) sieves of the Penn State Particle Separator by the neutral detergent fiber content of the diet. The dietary peNDF contents ranged from 10.7 to 17.5% for peNDF8.0 or from 23.1 to 28.2% for peNDF1.18. Interactions between F:C ratio and FPL content were few. Increasing peNDF content of diets by increasing F:C ratio decreased DM intake, milk yield, and milk protein yield, whereas apparent total-tract DM digestibility and milk efficiency improved. Increasing F:C ratio improved ruminal pH status but decreased total volatile fatty acid concentration and microbial protein synthesis. Increasing peNDF content of diets via dietary FPL increased mean ruminal pH, but did not affect DM intake, total-tract digestibility, or milk production. The results indicate that feeding dairy cows a low F:C diet helps increase DM intake, milk production, and microbial protein synthesis, but may adversely affect feed digestibility and milk efficiency due to increased risk of subacute ruminal acidosis. Increased FPL improved ruminal pH status, but had minimal effects on feed intake, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and milk production. The results indicate a trade-off between reducing the risk of subacute ruminal acidosis and maximizing ruminal fermentation, feed digestibility, and milk production of dairy cows. The paNDF model showed improvement in the predictability of ruminal pH over the peNDF model, but the accuracy of predictions varied depending upon the diet and ruminal fermentation variables considered in the equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China 028000
| | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Wenzhu Yang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada.
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10
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Havekes C, Duffield T, Carpenter A, DeVries T. Effects of wheat straw chop length in high-straw dry cow diets on intake, health, and performance of dairy cows across the transition period. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:254-271. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Alessio D, Velho J, Knob D, Silveira V, Velho I, Hess A, Thaler Neto A. Produção e composição do leite em função da alimentação de vacas mestiças Holandês x Zebu confinadas em condições experimentais no Brasil - Metanálise. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar os fatores da composição da dieta que podem interferir no consumo, na digestibilidade, na produção e na composição do leite de vacas mestiças Holandês x Zebu confinadas em condições experimentais no Brasil. A metanálise foi utilizada para o levantamento de trabalhos científicos de domínio público, compreendendo o período de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2015. A base de dados foi constituída por 40 experimentos com 159 tratamentos, envolvendo 735 vacas em lactação. O consumo de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) é comprometido pelo teor de fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) da dieta, relacionando-se com a digestibilidade da matéria seca (MS) e da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), o que repercute na eficiência alimentar (EA). Observa-se a relação do teor de carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF) da dieta com o teor de lactose e o efeito do teor de MS da dieta e o elevado teor de FDN no consumo em função das características específicas dos tipos de volumosos utilizados. O consumo de NDT da dieta é prejudicado pela digestibilidade da MS e, principalmente, da FDN em função da proporção e das características dos volumosos utilizados na dieta, e esses fatores repercutem na EA, bem como na produção e na composição do leite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J.P. Velho
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - D.A. Knob
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | | - A.F. Hess
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
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12
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Gelsinger S, Coblentz W, Zanton G, Ogden R, Akins M. Ruminal in situ disappearance and whole-tract digestion of starter feeds in calves before, during, and after weaning. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:2196-2206. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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13
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Jiang FG, Lin XY, Yan ZG, Hu ZY, Wang Y, Wang ZH. Effects of forage source and particle size on chewing activity, ruminal pH, and saliva secretion in lactating Holstein cows. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:382-392. [PMID: 30661262 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of dietary forage source (quality) and particle size on chewing activity, saliva secretion, and ruminal pH. Twelve multiparous lactating Holstein cows, four of which were ruminally cannulated, were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experimental design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Cows fed wild-rye hay diets had longer daily eating times than cows fed oaten hay diets. Treatments had no effect on ruminating time; therefore, resting time varied inversely to eating time. Neither the rate nor the amount of saliva secretion while eating, ruminating, or resting was affected by diet, resulting in similar total daily saliva secretions across treatments (231 L/day). Total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the ruminal fluid from animals fed oaten hay diets were higher than those from animals fed wild-rye hay diets; further, VFAs increased with decreasing forage particle size (FPS). Consistent with elevated VFA concentrations, reducing FPS and including oaten hay in the diet decreased mean ruminal pH and increased the daily time of ruminal pH under 5.8. Results of this study suggest that forage source and particle size affect ruminal pH might be via variations in VFA production rather than increased salivary recycling of buffering substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Gui Jiang
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China.,Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, P. R. China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Yan Lin
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Gui Yan
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yong Hu
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Hua Wang
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
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14
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Jiang F, Lin X, Yan Z, Hu Z, Wang Y, Wang Z. Effects of forage source and particle size on feed sorting, milk production and nutrient digestibility in lactating dairy cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1472-1481. [PMID: 30246269 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of forage source (quality) and particle size on feed sorting, milk production and nutrient digestibility in lactating dairy cows. Twelve multiparous lactating Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were as follows: (a) feeding long oaten hay (OL), (b) feeding short oaten hay (OS), (c) feeding long wild-rye hay (WL) and (d) feeding short wild-rye hay (WS). The sorting activity of cows fed wild-rye hay diets was greater than that of cows fed oaten hay diets. Sorting activity decreased with reduced forage particle size (FPS) for wild-rye hay diets but was not affected for oaten hay diets. Cows fed oaten hay diets had a similar dry matter intake (DMI), but higher total tract nutrient digestibility, and hence higher milk yield than cows fed wild-rye hay diets. The increase in DMI as a result of reduced FPS was significant in cows fed wild-rye hay diets. Feed efficiency (4% fat-corrected milk (FCM)/DMI) decreased from 1.18 to 1.11 when FPS decreased, but was not affected by the forage source. The digestibility of DM, crude protein (CP) and organic matter (OM) in the total tract was decreased by a reduction in FPS for wild-rye hay diets, but was not affected for oaten hay diets. In conclusion, cows fed high-quality forage (oaten hay) had a lower sorting activity and higher production performance than those fed poor-quality forage (wild-rye hay). The optimal dietary FPS in lactating dairy cows should take the effect of forage source into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fugui Jiang
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, China
| | - Xueyan Lin
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhengui Yan
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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15
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Andreazzi AS, Pereira MN, Reis RB, Pereira RA, Morais Júnior NN, Acedo TS, Hermes RG, Cortinhas CS. Effect of exogenous amylase on lactation performance of dairy cows fed a high-starch diet. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7199-7207. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Thomson A, Humphries D, Crompton L, Reynolds C. The effect of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) silage chop length and inclusion rate within a total mixed ration on the ability of lactating dairy cows to cope with a short-term feed withholding and refeeding challenge. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4180-4192. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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White RR, Hall MB, Firkins JL, Kononoff PJ. Physically adjusted neutral detergent fiber system for lactating dairy cow rations. I: Deriving equations that identify factors that influence effectiveness of fiber. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:9551-9568. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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18
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White RR, Hall MB, Firkins JL, Kononoff PJ. Physically adjusted neutral detergent fiber system for lactating dairy cow rations. II: Development of feeding recommendations. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:9569-9584. [PMID: 28987583 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to leverage equations derived in a meta-analysis into an ensemble modeling system for estimating dietary physical and chemical characteristics required to maintain desired rumen conditions in lactating dairy cattle. Given the availability of data, responsiveness of ruminal pH to animal behaviors, and the chemical composition and physical form of the diet, mean ruminal pH was chosen as the primary rumen environment indicator. Physically effective fiber (peNDF) is defined as the fraction of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) that stimulates chewing activity and contributes to the floating mat of large particles in the rumen. The peNDF of feedstuffs is typically estimated by multiplying the NDF content by a particle size measure, resulting in an estimated index of effectiveness. We hypothesized that the utility of peNDF could be expanded and improved by dissociating NDF and particle size and considering other dietary factors, all integrated into a physically adjusted fiber system that can be used to estimate minimum particle sizes of TMR and diet compositions needed to maintain ruminal pH targets. Particle size measures of TMR were limited to those found with the Penn State particle separator (PSPS). Starting with specific diet characteristics, the system employed an ensemble of models that were integrated using a variable mixture of experts approach to generate more robust recommendations for the percentage of dietary DM material that should be retained on the 8-mm sieve of a PSPS. Additional continuous variables also integrated in the physically adjusted fiber system include the proportion of material (dry matter basis) retained on the 19- and 8-mm sieves of the PSPS, estimated mean particle size, the dietary concentrations of forage, forage NDF, starch, and NDF, and ruminally degraded starch and NDF. The system was able to predict that the minimum proportion of material (dry matter basis) retained on the 8-mm sieve should increase with decreasing forage NDF or dietary NDF. Additionally, the minimum proportion of dry matter material on the 8-mm sieve should increase with increasing dietary starch. Results of this study agreed with described interrelationships between the chemical and physical form of diets fed to dairy cows and quantified the links between NDF intake, diet particle size, and ruminal pH. Feeding recommendations can be interpolated from tables and figures included in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin R White
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24060
| | | | - Jeffrey L Firkins
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - Paul J Kononoff
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0908.
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Thomson A, Humphries D, Kliem K, Dittmann M, Reynolds C. Effects of replacing maize silage with lucerne silage and lucerne silage chop length on rumen function and milk fatty acid composition. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:7127-7138. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Fustini M, Palmonari A, Canestrari G, Bonfante E, Mammi L, Pacchioli M, Sniffen G, Grant R, Cotanch K, Formigoni A. Effect of undigested neutral detergent fiber content of alfalfa hay on lactating dairy cows: Feeding behavior, fiber digestibility, and lactation performance. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:4475-4483. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Miller-Cushon E, DeVries T. Feed sorting in dairy cattle: Causes, consequences, and management. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:4172-4183. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Rossi LG, Fiorentini G, Jose Neto A, Vieira BR, Malheiros EB, Borghi TH, Berchielli TT. Impact of ground soybean and starch levels on the quality of meat from feedlot young Nellore bulls. Meat Sci 2016; 122:1-6. [PMID: 27458839 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-eight young Nellore bulls (395±32kg initial body weight) were assigned to a completely randomized design (2×2 factorial design with 7 animals per treatment) to evaluate effects on the quality of meat. Diet treatments consisted of high (about 25%) or low (about 16%) starch levels, with or without ground soybean addition. Shear force was decreased in the meat from animals fed a low-starch diet (P=0.0016). Meat from animals fed a high-starch diet had increased total concentrations of unsaturated (P=0.0029) and monounsaturated fatty acids (P=0.0253). Polyunsaturated fatty acid content increased in the meat from animals fed a diet containing soybean (P=0.0121). High starch diets (>25%) decreased the concentration of saturated fatty acids and increased the amount of unsaturated fatty acids in the meat from young Nellore bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Rossi
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - G Fiorentini
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
| | - A Jose Neto
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - B R Vieira
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - E B Malheiros
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - T H Borghi
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - T T Berchielli
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; INCT/CA - UFV - Department of Animal Science, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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