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Khanaki H, Dewhurst RJ, Leury BJ, Cantalapiedra-Hijar G, Edwards GR, Logan C, Cheng L. The effect of sheep genetic merit and feed allowance on nitrogen partitioning and isotopic discrimination. Animal 2021; 15:100400. [PMID: 34768171 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal nitrogen (N) partitioning is a key parameter for profitability and sustainability of ruminant production systems, which may be predicted from N isotopic discrimination or fractionation (Δ15N). Both animal genetics and feeding level may interact and impact on N partitioning. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the interactive effects of genetic merit (G) and feed allowance (F) on N partitioning and Δ15N in sheep. The sheep were drawn from two levels of G (high G vs. low G; based on New Zealand Sheep Improvement Limited (http://www.sil.co.nz/) dual (wool and meat) growth index) and allocated to two levels of F (1.7 (high F) vs. 1.1 (low F) times Metabolisable Energy requirement for maintenance) treatments. Twenty-four Coopworth rams were divided into four equal groups for a N balance study: high G × high F, high G × low F, low G × high F, and low G × low F. The main factors (G and F) and the interaction term were used for 2-way ANOVA and regression analysis. Higher F led to higher N excretions (urinary N (UN); faecal N (FN); manure N), retained N, N use efficiency (NUE), and urinary purine derivatives excretion (P < 0.05). On the other hand, higher UN/N intake, and plasma Δ15N were observed with the lower F (P < 0.05). Higher G led to increased UN, FN, manure N, apparent N digestibility, and urinary purine derivatives excretion (P < 0.05). Higher F only increased UN in high G sheep, with no effect on low G sheep (P < 0.05). Regression analysis results demonstrated potential to use plasma Δ15N to reflect the effects of G and F on NUE and UN/N intake. Further research is urged to study interactive effects of genetic and feeding level on sheep N partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Khanaki
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Dookie Campus, The University of Melbourne, 3647 Victoria, Australia
| | - R J Dewhurst
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), King's Buildings, West Mains Road, EH9 3JG Edinburgh, UK
| | - B J Leury
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Parkville Campus, the University of Melbourne, 3647 Victoria, Australia
| | - G Cantalapiedra-Hijar
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, Vetagro Sup, UMRH, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - G R Edwards
- Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, 85084 Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - C Logan
- Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, 85084 Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - L Cheng
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Dookie Campus, The University of Melbourne, 3647 Victoria, Australia.
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Guarnido-Lopez P, Ortigues-Marty I, Taussat S, Fossaert C, Renand G, Cantalapiedra-Hijar G. Plasma proteins δ 15N vs plasma urea as candidate biomarkers of between-animal variations of feed efficiency in beef cattle: Phenotypic and genetic evaluation. Animal 2021; 15:100318. [PMID: 34311194 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying animals that are superior in terms of feed efficiency may improve the profitability and sustainability of the beef cattle sector. However, measuring feed efficiency is costly and time-consuming. Biomarkers should thus be explored and validated to predict between-animal variation of feed efficiency for both genetic selection and precision feeding. In this work, we aimed to assess and validate two previously identified biomarkers of nitrogen (N) use efficiency in ruminants, plasma urea concentrations and the 15N natural abundance in plasma proteins (plasma δ15N), to predict the between-animal variation in feed efficiency when animals were fed two contrasted diets (high-starch vs high-fibre diets). We used an experimental network design with a total of 588 young bulls tested for feed efficiency through two different traits (feed conversion efficiency [FCE] and residual feed intake [RFI]) during at least 6 months in 12 cohorts (farm × period combination). Animals reared in the same cohort, receiving the same diet and housed in the same pen, were considered as a contemporary group (CG). To analyse between-animal variations and explore relationships between biomarkers and feed efficiency, two statistical approaches, based either on mixed-effect models or regressions from residuals, were conducted to remove the between-CG variability. Between-animal variation of plasma δ15N was significantly correlated with feed efficiency measured through the two criteria traits and regardless of the statistical approach. Conversely, plasma urea was not correlated to FCE and showed only a weak, although significant, correlation with RFI. The response of plasma δ15N to FCE variations was higher when animals were fed a high-starch compared to a high-fibre diet. In addition, we identified two dietary factors, the metabolisable protein to net energy ratio and the rumen protein balance that influenced the relation between plasma δ15N and FCE variations. Concerning the genetic evaluation, and despite the moderate heritability of the two biomarkers (0.28), the size of our experimental setup was insufficient to detect significant genetic correlations between feed efficiency and the biomarkers. However, we validated the potential of plasma δ15N to phenotypically discriminate two animals reared in identical conditions in terms of feed efficiency as long as they differ by at least 0.049 g/g for FCE and 1.67 kg/d for RFI. Altogether, the study showed phenotypic, but non-genetic, relationships between plasma proteins δ15N and feed efficiency that varied according to the efficiency index and the diet utilised.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Guarnido-Lopez
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - I Ortigues-Marty
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - S Taussat
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - C Fossaert
- Institut de l'élevage, 75595 Paris, France
| | - G Renand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - G Cantalapiedra-Hijar
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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Chen Y, McNamara J, Ma G, Harrison J, Block E. Milk 13C and 15N discriminations as biomarkers of feed efficiency and energy status in early lactation cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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4
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Altieri S, Saiano K, Biondi M, Ricci P, Lubritto C. Traceability of 'Mozzarella di Bufala Campana' production chain by means of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:995-1003. [PMID: 31646635 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New techniques are required to guarantee the authenticity of food, especially for PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) trademarks. The genuineness of a product is directly related to the raw material and to the production process used. In this article, the traceability of the Mozzarella di Bufala Campana PDO was investigated, using carbon, nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes ratios, measured on buffalo feeding, milk and mozzarella, from Caserta and Salerno farms. Furthermore, 37 mozzarella brands were analyzed (carbon, nitrogen and oxygen isotopes) from the different production areas, to characterize their origin. RESULTS The results of this work showed no changes in carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios of milk and mozzarella, indicating no fractionation in the production process. The δ13 C of milk was influenced by feeding signal; while, milk δ15 N was regulated by fractionation occurring during ruminant metabolism. Mozzarella oxygen isotopic signal depleted with respect to the milk one. Regarding brand samples, it was found that the geographical differentiation is based more on carbon isotopes than on the nitrogen and oxygen ones. CONCLUSION This work gives an important contribution to the knowledge regarding the traceability of such a particular cheese as mozzarella. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Altieri
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Katya Saiano
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Mariaida Biondi
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Paola Ricci
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Carmine Lubritto
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
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Meale SJ, Auffret MD, Watson M, Morgavi DP, Cantalapiedra-Hijar G, Duthie CA, Roehe R, Dewhurst RJ. Fat accretion measurements strengthen the relationship between feed conversion efficiency and Nitrogen isotopic discrimination while rumen microbial genes contribute little. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3854. [PMID: 29497066 PMCID: PMC5832862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biomarkers for feed conversion efficiency (FCE), such as Nitrogen isotopic discrimination (Δ15N), facilitates easier measurement and may be useful in breeding strategies. However, we need to better understand the relationship between FCE and Δ15N, particularly the effects of differences in the composition of liveweight gain and rumen N metabolism. Alongside measurements of FCE and Δ15N, we estimated changes in body composition and used dietary treatments with and without nitrates, and rumen metagenomics to explore these effects. Nitrate fed steers had reduced FCE and higher Δ15N in plasma compared to steers offered non-nitrate containing diets. The negative relationship between FCE and Δ15N was strengthened with the inclusion of fat depth change at the 3rd lumbar vertebrae, but not with average daily gain. We identified 1,700 microbial genes with a relative abundance >0.01% of which, 26 were associated with Δ15N. These genes explained 69% of variation in Δ15N and showed clustering in two distinct functional networks. However, there was no clear relationship between their relative abundances and Δ15N, suggesting that rumen microbial genes contribute little to Δ15N. Conversely, we show that changes in the composition of gain (fat accretion) provide additional strength to the relationship between FCE and Δ15N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Meale
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Marc D Auffret
- SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
| | - Mick Watson
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Genomics, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Diego P Morgavi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | | | | | - Rainer Roehe
- SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
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Nitrogen isotopic fractionation as a biomarker for nitrogen use efficiency in ruminants: a meta-analysis. Animal 2018; 12:1827-1837. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117003391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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7
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Relative partitioning of N from alfalfa silage, corn silage, corn grain and soybean meal into milk, urine, and feces, using stable 15N isotope. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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The effect of dietary water soluble carbohydrate to nitrogen ratio on nitrogen partitioning and isotopic fractionation of lactating goats offered a high-nitrogen diet. Animal 2016; 10:779-85. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731115002335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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9
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Relationship between efficiency of nitrogen utilization and isotopic nitrogen fractionation in dairy cows: contribution of digestion v. metabolism? Animal 2016; 10:221-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731115002025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Diet-animal fractionation of nitrogen stable isotopes reflects the efficiency of nitrogen assimilation in ruminants. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:1158-69. [PMID: 25716533 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514004449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The natural abundance of ¹⁵N in animal proteins (δ¹⁵Nanimal) is greater than that in the diet consumed by the animals (δ¹⁵Ndiet), with a discrimination factor (Δ¹⁵N = δ¹⁵Nanimal - δ¹⁵Ndiet) that is known to vary according to nutritional conditions. The objectives of the present study were to test the hypothesis that Δ¹⁵N variations depend on the efficiency of nitrogen utilisation (ENU) in growing beef cattle, and to identify some of the physiological mechanisms responsible for this N isotopic fractionation in ruminants. Thus, we performed the regression of the Δ¹⁵N of plasma proteins obtained from thirty-five finishing beef cattle fed standard and non-conventional diets against different feed efficiency indices, including ENU. We also performed the regression of the Δ¹⁵N of different ruminant N pools (plasma and milk proteins, urine and faeces) against different splanchnic N fluxes obtained from multi-catheterised lactating dairy cows. The Δ¹⁵N of plasma proteins was negatively correlated with feed efficiency indices in beef cattle, especially ENU (body protein gain/N intake) and efficiency of metabolisable protein (MP) utilisation (body protein gain/MP intake). Although Δ¹⁵N obtained from different N pools in dairy cows were all negatively correlated with ENU, the highest correlation was found when Δ¹⁵N was calculated from plasma proteins. Δ¹⁵N showed no correlation with urea-N recycling or rumen NH₃ absorption, but exhibited a strong correlation with liver urea synthesis and splanchnic amino acid metabolism, which points to a dominant role of splanchnic tissues in the present N isotopic fractionation study.
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