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Signor MH, de Freitas Dos Santos AL, de Vitt MG, Nora L, Lago RVP, Wolschick GJ, Correa NG, Klein B, Xavier ACH, Wagner R, Bissacotti BF, da Silva AS. Grape seed oil in the diet of primiparous Jersey cows before and after parturition: effects on performance, health, rumen environment, and milk quality. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:202. [PMID: 38992295 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-04064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine whether adding grape seed oil (GSO) to the diet of primiparous Jersey breeds during the transition period would improve animal health by measuring effects on the rumen environment, serum biochemistry, oxidative response, and the composition and quality of milk. We used 14 Jersey heifers, weighing an average of 430 kg and 240 days of gestation. The animals were divided into two groups and offered a basal diet, including GSO in the concentrate for the GSO group (dose of 25 mL per animal day) and the same dose of soybean oil (SO) for the control group. The animals were allocated and maintained in a compost barn system, receiving an anionic diet (pre-partum) and a diet for postpartum lactating animals. Dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, serum biochemistry, serum and milk oxidative stability, ruminal fluid and milk fatty acid profile, milk qualitative aspects, and ruminal parameters such as pH, bacterial activity, and protozoan count were evaluated. The addition of GSO had a positive effect on the health of the cows, especially on the oxidative stability of the cows, by increasing total thiols (P = 0.03), higher plasma ferric reducing capacity (FRAP) (P = 0.01), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (P = 0.01). In the oxidative stability of the milk produced by the treated animals, there was also an increase in TAC (P = 0.05) and FRAP (P = 0.03). Discreet changes were observed in the ruminal environment with a decreasing trend in pH (P = 0.04) but an increase in bacterial activity (P = 0.05) and protozoa counts (P = 0.07) in cows that consumed the additive. GSO consumption affected the fatty acid profile in milk, increasing saturated fatty acids (SFA) (P = 0.05) and reducing unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) (P = 0.03). The oil did not affect milk production or efficiency in the postpartum period. Based on this information, it is concluded that the addition of GSO positively affects the cow's antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Henrique Signor
- Department of Animal Science , Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, Brazil
| | | | - Maksuel Gatto de Vitt
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, Brazil
| | - Luisa Nora
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Jean Wolschick
- Department of Animal Science , Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, Brazil
| | - Natalia Gemelli Correa
- Department of Animal Science , Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, Brazil
| | - Bruna Klein
- Department of Animal Science , Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, Brazil
| | | | - Roger Wagner
- Department of Food Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Aleksandro Schafer da Silva
- Department of Animal Science , Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, Brazil.
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Addo F, Gervais R, Ominski K, Yang C, Plaizier JC. Comparing dehulled hemp meal and canola meal as a protein supplement for lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8670-8683. [PMID: 37641358 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Effects of replacing canola meal with dehulled hemp meal in the diet of lactating dairy cows on the dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, milk fatty acid profile, blood metabolites, total-tract nutrient digestibility, and transfer of cannabinoids were determined in 12 lactating, nonpregnant Holstein cows. These cows were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three 3-wk experimental periods consisting of 2 wk of adaptation and 1 wk of sampling. Cows received basal partial mixed rations supplemented with either 15% dry matter (DM) canola meal (CM15), 15% DM dehulled hemp meal (HM15), or 7.5% DM dehulled hemp meal and 7.5% DM canola meal (CM7.5HM7.5). Diets were formulated to be isoenergetic and isonitrogenous, but the HM15 and CM7.5HM7.5 diets contained, on average 1.2 percentage units more crude protein (CP) that the CM15 diet. The CP of the dehulled hemp meal contained less soluble protein than that of canola meal. Hence, the intake of soluble protein did not differ among diets. Canola meal contained less crude fat than hemp seed meal (3.46% vs. 8.25% DM). The lipid fraction of canola meal fat contained more oleic acid (C18:1 cis-9; 47.3 vs. 14.9 g/100 g of fatty acids, FA) and vaccenic acid (18:1 cis-11; 13.7 vs. 1.2 g/100 g of FA) and less linoleic acid (C18:2n-6; 21.9 vs. 55.7 g/100 g of FA) and α linolenic acid (C18:3n-3; 3.2 vs. 8.9 g/100 g of FA) than the lipid fraction of hemp seed meal. The hemp seed meal contained 4.9 µg/g cannabidiol, 5.1 µg/g cannabidiolic acid, and 0.1 µg/g tertahydroxycannabinolic acid A. Treatments did not differ in DMI, yields of milk, milk protein and milk fat, total-tract neutral detergent fiber digestibility, and blood plasma concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate and nonesterified FA. Apparent total-tract DM digestibility was lowest in the HM15 treatment, whereas the CP digestibility and the concentrations of urea in blood, urine, and milk were lowest in the CM15 treatment. Cannabinoids were not detected in urine, milk, and blood plasma. Replacing canola meal with hemp seed meal increased milk fat contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which were 3.42, 3.90, and 4.25 g/100 g of FA for the CM15, CM7.5HM7.5, and HM15 treatments, respectively. Especially, the milk fat contents of 18:2n-6 (1.99 vs. 1.56 g/100 g FA) and 18:3n-3 (0.31 vs. 0.43 g/100 g FA) were increased by hemp meal feeding. Especially, the milk fat contents of 18:2n-6 (1.99 vs. 1.56 g/100 g FA) and 18:3n-3 (0.31 vs. 0.43 g/100 g FA) were increased by hemp meal feeding. Our data show that hemp seed meal is a suitable and safe replacement for canola meal as a feed for lactating dairy cows and that this replacement increases CP digestibility and urea in urine, milk, and blood plasma, as well the PUFA content of milk fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Addo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - R Gervais
- Department of Animal Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - K Ominski
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - C Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - J C Plaizier
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2.
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Ruiz-González A, Suissi W, Baumgard LH, Martel-Kennes Y, Chouinard PY, Gervais R, Rico DE. Increased dietary vitamin D 3 and calcium partially alleviate heat stress symptoms and inflammation in lactating Holstein cows independent of dietary concentrations of vitamin E and selenium. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3984-4001. [PMID: 37164847 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Twelve multiparous Holstein cows (42.2 ± 5.6 kg of milk/d; 83 ± 27 d in milk) were used in a split-plot design testing the effects of mineral and vitamin supplementation on the time course of animal performance, metabolism, and inflammation markers during heat stress. The main plot was the average concentrations of dietary vitamin E and Se (adequate: 11.1 IU/kg of vitamin E and 0.55 mg/kg of Se, and high: 223 IU/kg of vitamin E and 1.8 mg/kg of Se, respectively). Within each plot, cows were randomly assigned to (1) heat stress (HS) with adequate concentrations of vitamin D3 and Ca (1,012 IU/kg and 0.73%, respectively), (2) HS with high concentrations of vitamin D3 and Ca (HS+D3/Ca; 3,764 IU/kg and 0.97%, respectively), or (3) pair-feeding (PF) in thermoneutrality with adequate concentrations of vitamin D3 and Ca (1,012 IU/kg and 0.73% Ca) in a Latin square design with 14-d periods and 7-d washouts. The highest rectal temperature was recorded at 1700 h for HS (39.4°C; mean of d 1 to 14), being 1.2 and 0.8°C greater than for PF and HS+D3/Ca, respectively. Respiratory rate and water intake were higher in HS (73 breaths/min and 115 L/d, respectively) relative to PF (28 breaths/min and 76 L/d). Heat stress decreased dry matter intake progressively, reaching a nadir on d 5 to 7 (33% reduction) and was not different between treatments. Milk yield decreased progressively in all treatments, but remained greater in PF relative to HS from d 3 to 14 (10%), whereas HS and HS+D3/Ca were not different. Milk fat, protein, and lactose concentrations and yields were lower in HS relative to PF from d 3 to 14, but not different between HS and HS+D3/Ca. Relative to PF, preprandial insulin concentrations were increased in HS, whereas plasma nonesterified fatty acids were decreased on d 7 and 14. Plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein concentrations increased in HS cows on d 7 and 14, respectively, relative to PF, whereas they were reduced in HS + D3/Ca on d 14. Plasma C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and fecal calprotectin were increased in HS relative to both PF and HS+D3/Ca on d 7 and 14. Rectal temperature was positively associated with plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (r = 0.72), tumor necrosis factor-α (r = 0.74), C-reactive protein (r = 0.87), and with milk somatic cells (r = 0.75). Plasma 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine concentrations presented a 3-way interaction, where 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine was lower in HS than in PF on d 7 and 14, and lower in HS+D3/Ca relative to HS on d 14 in the adequate vitamin E and Se treatment, but no effects were observed in the high vitamin E and Se group. Plasma superoxide dismutase concentrations increased over time, and were higher in HS relative to PF on d 14, whereas HS+D3/Ca was similar to HS. Heat stress markedly reduced milk production and milk components while increasing markers of leaky gut and inflammation. In contrast, vitamin D3 and Ca supplementation reduced hyperthermia (d 7-14), markers of leaky gut, and inflammation independent of dietary concentrations of vitamin E and Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ruiz-González
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - W Suissi
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault (CRSAD), Deschambault, QC, Canada
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - Y Martel-Kennes
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault (CRSAD), Deschambault, QC, Canada
| | - P Y Chouinard
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - R Gervais
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - D E Rico
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault (CRSAD), Deschambault, QC, Canada.
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Rico DE, Gervais R, Peňa-Cotrino SM, Lebeuf Y, Chouinard PY. Effect of postruminal supply of linseed oil in dairy cows: 2. Milk fatty acid profile and oxidative stability. J DAIRY RES 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37154291 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029923000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to study the effect of increasing postruminal supply of linseed oil (L-oil), as a source of cis-9, cis-12, cis-15 18:3, on milk fatty acid profile and to assess the resulting impact on the development of volatile degradation products during the storage of homogenized milk. Five Holstein dairy cows fitted with a rumen cannula were randomly distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Abomasal infusion of L-oil was performed at the rate of 0, 75, 150, 300, and 600 ml/d during periods of 14 d. The concentration of cis-9, cis-12, cis-15 18:3 in milk fat increased linearly with L-oil dose. Concentrations of primary (conjugated diene and triene hydroperoxides) and secondary oxidation products (1-octen-3-one, propanal, hexanal, trans-2 + cis-3-hexenals, cis-4-heptenal, trans-2, cis-6-nonadienal trans-2, trans-4-nonadienal) increased during 11 d of storage at 4°C of homogenized milk under fluorescent light. The magnitude of the increase (difference between final and initial measurements) was linearly greater for all nine lipid oxidation products evaluated in response to increasing level of infusion. Results of the current experiment have shown that milk enriched in cis-9, cis-12, cis-15 18:3 via postruminal supply of L-oil is highly prone to oxidative degradation. This low oxidative stability, exposed under controlled experimental conditions, would represent a major obstacle to those who aim to market milk enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Rico
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Rachel Gervais
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Sara M Peňa-Cotrino
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Yolaine Lebeuf
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - P Yvan Chouinard
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
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Lamontagne J, Rico DE, Perdomo CM, Ronholm J, Gervais R, Chouinard PY. Effects of direct-fed Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis on production performance and milk fatty acid profile in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:1815-1825. [PMID: 36710185 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on performance of mid-lactating Holstein dairy cows and on their milk fatty acid composition. Six multiparous cows fitted with a rumen cannula were used in a randomized replicated crossover design. Cows received 200 g/d of either whey powder as a control or BioPlus 2B (Chr. Hansen), a commercial direct-fed microbial providing Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, representing a daily dose of 6.4 × 1011 cfu, and using whey powder as a carrier. The 2 experimental periods lasted 14 d and were separated by a 7-d washout interval. Samples were collected on d 0, 13, and 14 of each period. Data from d 0 were used as covariate. Significance was declared at P ≤ 0.05 and tendency at 0.05 <P ≤ 0.10. There was a 10-fold increase in the relative concentration of bacteria from the Bacillus subtilis group in the rumen when feeding direct-fed Bacillus compared with control. Treatment did not affect ruminal pH, NH3-N, or concentrations of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. However, direct-fed Bacillus increased ruminal concentrations of isovalerate and isobutyrate (tendency). Treatments did not affect lactation performance. Supplying direct-fed Bacillus enhanced milk relative concentration of anteiso 13:0 by 27.3% and of anteiso 15:0 by 6.5% and tended to increase concentrations of iso 14:0 (+41.8%) relative to control. When expressed on a yield basis, direct-fed Bacillus increased the secretion of anteiso 13:0 and decreased that of 11:0, 15:0, 17:0 (tendency), and cis-9 17:1. These variations, although limited in magnitude, indicate that milk branched-chain fatty acid composition is sensitive to ruminal microbiota modifications without changes in chemical composition of the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lamontagne
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - D E Rico
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6; Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault (CRSAD), Deschambault, QC, Canada G0A 1S0
| | - C M Perdomo
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault (CRSAD), Deschambault, QC, Canada G0A 1S0
| | - J Ronholm
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9; Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9
| | - R Gervais
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - P Y Chouinard
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6.
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Su Y, Sun X, Zhao S, Hu M, Li D, Qi S, Jiao X, Sun Y, Wang C, Zhu X, Li Z, Shi Y. Dietary alfalfa powder supplementation improves growth and development, body health, and meat quality of Tibetan sheep. Food Chem 2022; 396:133709. [PMID: 35872497 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The application of alfalfa powder (AP) in Tibetan sheep to explore its healthy effects and meat quality improvement potential has not been reported. Our study found that AP improved the growth performance, serum metabolism, and antioxidation of Tibetan sheep. The edible quality, sensory quality, and nutritional quality of longissimus dorsi (LD) were analyzed. We observed lower drip loss and hue angle of meat after AP supplementation. AP also increased the cooked meat percentage, pH24h, a*24h, chroma24h, and the contents of protein and fat. The targeted metabolomics profiling revealed that the contents of essential amino acids and flavor amino acids in mutton increased by AP treatments. AP also promoted the deposition of MUFA and PUFA. Therefore, as a promising botanical supplement, AP has a positive effect on the growth, development, and body health of Tibetan sheep, and is also conductive to providing healthy and nutritious high-quality livestock products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Shumin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Menglin Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Defeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Shengli Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Xilan Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Institute of Animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, Tibet 850009, China
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China.
| | - Zhentian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
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Durman T, de Lima LS, Rufino MOA, Gurgel ALC, Horst JA, Ítavo LCV, Dos Santos GT. Feeding okara, a soybean by-product, to dairy cows as partial protein source enhances economic indexes and preserves milk quality, intake, and digestibility of nutrients. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 54:14. [PMID: 34904184 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-03010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the potential of dietary inclusion of okara (a soybean by-product) on feed intake, apparent in vitro digestibility of dry matter, production and milk quality of dairy cows, and economic indexes. Four lactating Holstein cows were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were control diet with no okara, diet with 35 g/kg okara, diet with 65 g/kg okara, and diet with 95 g/kg okara in dry matter basis. There was no effect of the inclusion of okara in the diet on the intake of dry matter, crude protein, and ether extract. The inclusion of okara did not affect the in vitro digestibility of nutrients either. However, neutral detergent fiber intake differed between levels 0 and 35 g/kg of okara in the diet, with lower (8.15 kg/day) and higher (9.30 kg/day) values for these treatments, respectively, with values intermediates for the other treatments. There was no significant difference for milk production, fat, protein, lactose, milk urea, somatic cell score, and conjugated diene. However, there was an effect of including okara on thiobarbituric acid reactive substance content in milk. Regarding the economic analysis, the inclusion of 95 g/kg of okara in the diet (dry matter) showed the best results for average feed cost, gross margin, breakeven, and profitability index. Okara can be included in diets of lactating dairy cows up to 95 g/kg of total mixed ration on dry matter basis without interfering on milk production, milk solids, nutrient digestibility, and providing beneficial economic indexes, being economically feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomer Durman
- Animal Science Department, State University of Maringá (UEM), Parana, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Tadeu Dos Santos
- Animal Science Department, State University of Maringá (UEM), Parana, Brazil.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil.
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Chassé É, Guay F, Létourneau-Montminy MP. Effect of pelleting on nutrients and energy digestibility in growing pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based diet or diet containing corn distillers dried grains with solubles (cDDGS), wheat middlings, and bakery meal. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting and diet type on the apparent ileal (AID) and total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy in growing pigs. Six pigs were cannulated at the ileum and were assigned to treatments following a crossover design. One diet was a control diet based on corn and soybean meal (CT). Part of it was replaced by corn distillers dried grains with solubles (cDDGS), wheat middlings, and bakery meal in the second diet (ByP). Diets were in mash (CT-MH and ByP-MH) or pelleted (CT-PT and ByP-PT) form. Results showed that pelleting increased digestibility in all diets with a distinct effect on the CT diet (interaction diet × pelleting, P < 0.05). Pelleting improved the AID of dry matter, crude protein, and energy by 17%, 27%, and 17% in the CT diet and by 10%, 9%, and 17% in the ByP diet (P < 0.01). The AID of amino acids followed the effect observed on crude protein (P < 0.01). Pelleting increased AID of total non-starch polysaccharides for the CT diet by 63% and 42% for the ByP diet (P < 0.01). The pelleting conditions improved the degradability of the compounds in the diets during digestion in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élisabeth Chassé
- Department of Animal Science, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l’Agriculture, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Animal Science, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l’Agriculture, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guay
- Department of Animal Science, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l’Agriculture, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Animal Science, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l’Agriculture, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
- Department of Animal Science, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l’Agriculture, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Animal Science, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l’Agriculture, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Rico D, Gervais R, Schwebel L, Lebeuf Y, Chouinard P. Production performance and oxidative stability of milk enriched with n-3 fatty acids in Holstein cows fed flaxseed meal. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Six Holstein cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin Square design to investigate the effect of flaxseed meal on production performance and oxidative stability of milk enriched with n-3 fatty acids. Flaxseed oil was abomasally infused to all cows at 243 g·d−1 which increased milk concentration of α-linolenic acid from 3.08 (pretrial) up to 53.0 mg·g−1 fat. On a dry matter basis, dietary treatments were canola meal (CM; 165 g·kg−1), flaxseed meal (FM; 165 g·kg−1), and CM (165 g·kg−1) + vitamin E (VE; 300 IU·kg−1). Pre-planned contrasts were CM vs. FM and VE vs. FM. No difference was observed on dry matter intake, milk production, and yield of milk protein, and lactose for any of the contrasts evaluated. However, fat yield tended to be lower with FM relative to CM but was not different from VE. Milk enterolactone concentration was 6.8-fold greater with FM than with CM, whereas milk tocopherol was increased by 3.4-fold with VE relative to FM. Increased concentrations of enterolactone or tocopherol were not efficient to significantly modify the time course of appearance of propanal, hexanal, hept-cis-4-enal, and 1-octen-3-one in milk during storage evaluated for 10 d at 4 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.E. Rico
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - R. Gervais
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - L. Schwebel
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Y. Lebeuf
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - P.Y. Chouinard
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Dion S, Brassard ME, Lévesque J, Rico DE, Tremblay GF, Gervais R, Chouinard PY. Potassium carbonate as a supplement to improve milk fat concentration and yield in early-lactating dairy goats fed a high-starch, low-fiber diet. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7794-7807. [PMID: 33865595 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the use of K2CO3 as dietary buffer to prevent or to recover from low milk fat production when early-lactating dairy goats are fed a high-starch, low-fiber (HSLF) diet. At kidding, 30 Alpine goats housed in pens with Calan gate feeders received a total mixed ration with a forage-to-concentrate ratio of 55:45 on a dry matter (DM) basis for a baseline period of 27 ± 4 d. Goats (milk yield, 4.14 ± 0.88 kg/d; milk fat, 4.28 ± 0.52%; mean ± SD) were then assigned to 1 of 10 blocks according to parity (first vs. second or more) and milk fat concentration, and fed a HSLF diet containing 45% forages and 55% concentrates for 2 experimental periods of 28 d. Treatments were identified as (1) control, in which the HSLF diet was fed throughout both periods; (2) preventive, in which the HSLF diet supplemented with K2CO3 (1.6% of DM) was fed during both periods; and (3) recovery, in which the HSLF diet was fed during the first period (P1) and the HSLF diet supplemented with K2CO3 was fed during the second period (P2). Data from P1 and P2 were analyzed separately. In P1, preplanned contrasts were used to evaluate the preventive effect of K2CO3 (control and recovery, both groups receiving the same diet during this period, vs. preventive), and in P2, to assess the potential of K2CO3 to alleviate an already existing state of low milk fat (control vs. recovery and preventive vs. recovery). Feeding the HSLF diet in P1 moderately decreased milk fat concentration (-16%) and yield (-13%) as compared with baseline. Dietary addition of K2CO3 decreased DM intake by 12 and 14% in P1 and P2, respectively. Ruminal pH was not different among treatments. There was also no significant difference in milk yield (4.13 and 3.71 kg/d on average in P1 and P2, respectively) for any tested contrasts. In P1, milk fat concentration and yield did not differ among goats fed control (3.58% and 151 g/d, respectively) and preventive (3.67% and 148 g/d, respectively) diets. In P2, milk fat concentration and yield did not differ among goats fed the control diet (3.38% and 137 g/d, respectively), and diets where K2CO3 was used as preventive (3.44% and 126 g/d, respectively) or recovery treatment (3.25% and 113 g/d, respectively). Supplementing a high-concentrate diet with 1.6% K2CO3 was therefore not effective in either preventing or suppressing already existing conditions of low milk fat production in dairy goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dion
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - M E Brassard
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - J Lévesque
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault, Deschambault, QC, Canada G0A 1S0
| | - D E Rico
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault, Deschambault, QC, Canada G0A 1S0
| | - G F Tremblay
- Québec Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 2J3
| | - R Gervais
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - P Y Chouinard
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6.
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Lactation performance and milk fatty acid composition of lactating dairy cows fed Camelina sativa seeds or expeller. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Agustinho BC, Zeoula LM, Santos NW, Machado E, Yoshimura EH, Ribas JCR, Bragatto JM, Stemposki MR, dos Santos VJ, Faciola AP. Effects of Flaxseed Oil and Vitamin E Supplementation on Digestibility and Milk Fatty Composition and Antioxidant Capacity in Water Buffaloes. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081294. [PMID: 32751092 PMCID: PMC7460195 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Flaxseed oil is rich in n-3 fatty acids, while vitamin E is a potent antioxidant. Both have been tested in dairy cows’ diets to increase n-3 concentration and antioxidant capacity in the milk. However, there is no published research testing flaxseed oil and vitamin E supplementation simultaneously in lactating dairy buffaloes, which can have a different response compared to dairy cows. Increasing milk unsaturated fatty acids while not increasing lipid oxidation is a challenge; however, in this experiment we demonstrated that it is possible to achieve these in buffalo milk by supplementing the diet with flaxseed oil and vitamin E. Flaxseed oil supplementation increased the n-3 fatty acid concentration and oxidation products in the milk, while vitamin E supplementation increased milk’s antioxidant capacity. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the supplementation of flaxseed oil and/or vitamin E on dry matter (DM) and nutrient digestibility, milk composition, fatty acid composition, and antioxidant capacity in buffalo milk. Four crossbred female dairy water buffaloes (97 ± 22 days in milk; 6.57 ± 2.2 kg of milk/day, mean ± SD) were distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square design, with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (with or without flaxseed oil at 25 g/kg dry matter; with or without vitamin E at 375 IU/kg dry matter). The experimental period was divided into four periods of 21 days each (16 days for adaptation; five days for data collection). There were four treatments: control diet (no flaxseed oil and no added vitamin E); flaxseed oil diet (flaxseed oil at 25 g/kg DM); vitamin E diet (vitamin E at 375 IU/kg DM), and a combination of both flaxseed oil and vitamin E. The animals were fed total mixed ratios. For all response variables, there was no interaction between flaxseed oil and vitamin E. Flaxseed oil supplementation reduced neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) apparent total tract digestibility, increased the n-3 fatty acid concentration in milk approximately three-fold while reducing the n-6/n-3 ratio from 9.3:1 to 2.4:1. Vitamin E supplementation increased NDF apparent total tract digestibility and milk total antioxidant capacity. Although there was no interaction between the treatments; flaxseed oil supplementation in lactating buffaloes increased polyunsaturated fatty acid, while vitamin E supplementation increased antioxidant capacity and decreased oxidation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna C. Agustinho
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa PR 87020-900, Brazil; (L.M.Z.); (N.W.S.); (E.M.); (E.H.Y.); (J.C.R.R.); (J.M.B.); (M.R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(352)-870-3589
| | - Lucia M. Zeoula
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa PR 87020-900, Brazil; (L.M.Z.); (N.W.S.); (E.M.); (E.H.Y.); (J.C.R.R.); (J.M.B.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Nadine W. Santos
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa PR 87020-900, Brazil; (L.M.Z.); (N.W.S.); (E.M.); (E.H.Y.); (J.C.R.R.); (J.M.B.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Erica Machado
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa PR 87020-900, Brazil; (L.M.Z.); (N.W.S.); (E.M.); (E.H.Y.); (J.C.R.R.); (J.M.B.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Emerson H. Yoshimura
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa PR 87020-900, Brazil; (L.M.Z.); (N.W.S.); (E.M.); (E.H.Y.); (J.C.R.R.); (J.M.B.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Jessyca C. R. Ribas
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa PR 87020-900, Brazil; (L.M.Z.); (N.W.S.); (E.M.); (E.H.Y.); (J.C.R.R.); (J.M.B.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Janaina M. Bragatto
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa PR 87020-900, Brazil; (L.M.Z.); (N.W.S.); (E.M.); (E.H.Y.); (J.C.R.R.); (J.M.B.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Mariana R. Stemposki
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa PR 87020-900, Brazil; (L.M.Z.); (N.W.S.); (E.M.); (E.H.Y.); (J.C.R.R.); (J.M.B.); (M.R.S.)
| | | | - Antonio P. Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
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Richard AM, Gervais R, Tremblay GF, Bélanger G, Charbonneau É. Tall fescue as an alternative to timothy fed with or without alfalfa to dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8062-8073. [PMID: 32600773 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-18120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tall fescue might be an alternative to timothy in northeastern North America because of its tolerance of recurring drought periods and its good summer regrowth, but is not always considered as an option in dairy rations because of its possible lack of palatability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects on the performance of lactating dairy cows of (1) replacing timothy silage by tall fescue silage, offered as sole forage in the diet or in combination with alfalfa silage, and (2) feeding tall fescue as silage (35% dry matter, DM) or haylage (55% DM). Experimental diets with a forage-to-concentrate ratio of 70:30 were (1) 100% timothy silage (TS); (2) 100% tall fescue silage (TFS); (3) 55:45 timothy:alfalfa silages (TS + AS); (4) 55:45 tall fescue:alfalfa silages (TFS + AS); and (5) 100% tall fescue haylage (TFH). Fifteen Holstein cows in mid-lactation (5 fitted with a rumen fistula) were randomly assigned to treatments in a triple 5 × 5 Latin square design with treatment periods of 21 d. Preplanned contrasts were timothy versus tall fescue silages, sole grass species versus grass-alfalfa, interaction between sole grass species and grass-alfalfa, and TFS versus TFH. Grass species did not affect dry matter intake (DMI) or milk yield and fat concentration. Milk protein concentration was not affected by grass species when offered in combination with alfalfa, but it was higher with the TS diet than the TFS diet when offered as sole forages. Adding alfalfa to either tall fescue or timothy silage resulted in greater DMI and milk yield, but lower milk fat concentration, than when the grass silages were the sole forage in the diet. The molar proportion of propionate in the rumen was greater when cows were fed diets with tall fescue silage compared with timothy silage, which resulted in a lower acetate-to-propionate ratio. Milk fat concentrations of fatty acids from microbial origin, namely branched-chain fatty acids, were greater when grass silage, and especially timothy silage, were fed as sole forages rather than with alfalfa silage. Feeding TFH rather than TFS caused a decrease in DMI and tended to lower milk protein concentration, but did not affect milk yield. A more fibrolytic fermentation profile was observed in rumen of cows fed TFH compared with TFS, as indicated by the increase in the molar proportion of acetate and the higher acetate-to-propionate ratio in rumen fluid, and a concomitant increase in branched-chain fatty acid concentration in milk fat. Tall fescue as silage or haylage is a valuable alternative to timothy silage for lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-M Richard
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - R Gervais
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - G F Tremblay
- Québec Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Québec, QC, Canada GIV 2J3
| | - G Bélanger
- Québec Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Québec, QC, Canada GIV 2J3
| | - É Charbonneau
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6.
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Avila AS, Zambom MA, Faccenda A, Werle CH, Almeida ARE, Schneider CR, Grunevald DG, Faciola AP. Black Wattle ( Acacia mearnsii) Condensed Tannins as Feed Additives to Lactating Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040662. [PMID: 32290438 PMCID: PMC7222719 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Plant compounds such as condensed tannins can be used to modulate ruminal fermentation, and to improve feed utilization and the final product quality in dairy cattle. In this study, we evaluated the inclusion of condensed tannins from Black Wattle (Acacia mearnsii) at levels up to 2% of the dry matter in the diets of dairy cows and its effects on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production and composition. Condensed tannin inclusion in the diets did not affect feed or nutrient intake. Digestibility of diet dry matter and neutral detergent fiber was highest at inclusion levels of 1.22% and 1.14%, respectively. There was no effect of tannin inclusion on milk production; however, there was a reduction in milk casein concentration. Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of five levels of condensed tannins (CT) from black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) in the diets of lactating dairy cows on intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal microbial protein synthesis, milk production, composition, oxidative profile, and blood metabolites. Five Holstein cows (88 ± 26.8 days in milk) were allocated in a 5 x 5 Latin square design for a period of 20 days (14 days of diet adaptation and six for sampling). Treatments were the inclusion levels of CT at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g/kg of dry matter (DM) in the diet. There was no effect of CT on DM intake. The digestibility of DM and neutral detergent fiber changed quadratically, with the maximum values at 12.2 and 11.4 g/kg of DM, respectively. There was no effect on ruminal microbial protein synthesis and milk production; however, milk casein concentration was reduced linearly. There was no effect on the milk oxidative profile. Inclusion of CT at levels up to 20 g/kg of DM did not affect intake or microbial protein synthesis; however, added CT depressed the production of energy corrected milk and milk casein concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre S. Avila
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Western Parana, Marechal Candido Rondon, PR 85960-000 Brazil; (M.A.Z.); (C.H.W.); (A.R.E.A.); (C.R.S.); (D.G.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-45-3284-7912
| | - Maximiliane A. Zambom
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Western Parana, Marechal Candido Rondon, PR 85960-000 Brazil; (M.A.Z.); (C.H.W.); (A.R.E.A.); (C.R.S.); (D.G.G.)
| | - Andressa Faccenda
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil;
| | - Caroline H. Werle
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Western Parana, Marechal Candido Rondon, PR 85960-000 Brazil; (M.A.Z.); (C.H.W.); (A.R.E.A.); (C.R.S.); (D.G.G.)
| | - Ana R. E. Almeida
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Western Parana, Marechal Candido Rondon, PR 85960-000 Brazil; (M.A.Z.); (C.H.W.); (A.R.E.A.); (C.R.S.); (D.G.G.)
| | - Cibele R. Schneider
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Western Parana, Marechal Candido Rondon, PR 85960-000 Brazil; (M.A.Z.); (C.H.W.); (A.R.E.A.); (C.R.S.); (D.G.G.)
| | - Dieisson G. Grunevald
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Western Parana, Marechal Candido Rondon, PR 85960-000 Brazil; (M.A.Z.); (C.H.W.); (A.R.E.A.); (C.R.S.); (D.G.G.)
| | - Antonio P. Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
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Hashem N, Abu-Tor E, Abo-Elezz Z, Latif M. Relevance of antioxidant vitamin supplementation for improvement of milk production, milk quality and energy status of lactating ewes. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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16
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Pulido E, Fernández M, Prieto N, Baldwin RL, Andrés S, López S, Giráldez FJ. Effect of milking frequency and α-tocopherol plus selenium supplementation on sheep milk lipid composition and oxidative stability. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:3097-3109. [PMID: 30772021 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the effect of milking frequency [once-daily milking (ODM) vs. twice-daily milking (TDM)] and antioxidant (AOX) supplementation on fatty acid (FA) profile and oxidative stability in sheep milk. Sixteen Assaf ewes were used; 8 did not receive any vitamin-mineral supplement (control), and the other 8 received an oral dose of 1,000 IU of α-tocopherol and 0.4 mg of Se daily. The experiment consisted of 2 consecutive periods; the first was 3 wk with TDM of both mammary glands. The second period was 8 wk and consisted of ODM of one mammary gland and TDM of the other gland. All ewes were fed ad libitum the same total mixed ration from lambing and throughout the experiment. There were no differences in plasma or milk Se concentrations between control and AOX ewes. However, plasma and milk α-tocopherol concentrations and AOX capacity were increased in ewes receiving the AOX supplement. Milk FA profile was practically unaffected after 21 d of AOX supplementation. However, after 77 d, AOX supplementation increased the relative percentage of C16:0 and cis-9 C18:1 and reduced the proportions of some saturated FA with less than 16 carbons and cis-9 C12:1. Antioxidant supplementation had no effect on the proportions of conjugated linoleic acid or total polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) but decreased the proportion of trans-7,cis-9 C18:2 and increased that of n-6 C20:3. Once-daily milking did not affect α-tocopherol, Se, or fat resistance to oxidation in milk. Total monounsaturated FA, cis-9 C16:1, and several cis and trans isomers of C18:1 were increased and total saturated FA were decreased in milk from ODM glands. Compared with TDM, ODM increased the proportions of cis-9,cis-12 C18:2 and several isomers of C18:2 and reduced those of cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 C18:3 and some PUFA of 20 and 22 carbons, but total proportion of PUFA was unaffected. Once-daily milking and AOX supplementation modified milk FA profile, but the effects of ODM could be considered of little biological relevance for consumer health. Supplementing ewes with α-tocopherol plus Se could be considered an effective strategy to improve plasma AOX status and reduce milk fat oxidation without substantial changes in the milk FA profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pulido
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - M Fernández
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - N Prieto
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - R L Baldwin
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - S Andrés
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - S López
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - F J Giráldez
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain.
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Leduc M, Létourneau-Montminy MP, Gervais R, Chouinard P. Effect of dietary flax seed and oil on milk yield, gross composition, and fatty acid profile in dairy cows: A meta-analysis and meta-regression. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:8906-8927. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Effect of calcium salts of polyunsaturated fatty acids with different particle sizes on lactation performance and milk fatty acid profile in dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Alfonso-Avila A, Charbonneau É, Chouinard P, Tremblay G, Gervais R. Potassium carbonate as a cation source for early-lactation dairy cows fed high-concentrate diets. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:1751-1765. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Leduc M, Gervais R, Tremblay G, Chiquette J, Chouinard P. Milk fatty acid profile in cows fed red clover- or alfalfa-silage based diets differing in rumen-degradable protein supply. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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