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Massaro S, Giannuzzi D, Amalfitano N, Schiavon S, Bittante G, Tagliapietra F. Review of equations to predict methane emissions in dairy cows from milk fatty acid profiles and their application to commercial dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:5833-5852. [PMID: 38851579 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emission from the activities of all productive sectors is currently a topic of foremost importance. The major contributors in the livestock sector are ruminants, especially dairy cows. This study aimed to evaluate and compare 21 equations for predicting enteric methane emissions (EME) developed on the basis of milk traits and fatty acid profiles, which were selected from 46 retrieved through a literature review. We compiled a reference database of the detailed fatty acid profiles, determined by GC, of 992 lactating cows from 85 herds under 4 different dairy management systems. The cows were classified according to DIM, parity order, and dairy system. This database was the basis on which we estimated EME using the selected equations. The EME traits estimated were methane yield (20.63 ± 2.26 g/kg DMI, 7 equations), methane intensity (16.05 ± 2.76 g/kg of corrected milk, 4 equations), and daily methane production (385.4 ± 68.2 g/d, 10 equations). Methane production was also indirectly calculated by multiplying the daily corrected milk yield by the methane intensity (416.6 ± 134.7 g/d, 4 equations). We also tested for the effects of DIM, parity, and dairy system (as a correction factor) on the estimates. In general, we observed little consistency among the EME estimates obtained from the different equations, with exception of those obtained from meta-analyses of a range of data from different research centers. We found all the EME predictions to be highly affected by the sources of variation included in the statistical model: DIM significantly affected the results of 19 of the 21 equations, and parity order influenced the results of 13. Different patterns were observed for different equations with only some of them in accordance with expectations based on the cow's physiology. Finally, the best predictions of daily methane production were obtained when a measure of milk yield was included in the equation or when the estimate was indirectly calculated from daily milk yield and methane intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Massaro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - D Giannuzzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - N Amalfitano
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - S Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - G Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - F Tagliapietra
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Kupczyński R, Pacyga K, Lewandowska K, Bednarski M, Szumny A. Milk Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids as Biomarkers of Rumen Fermentation. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1706. [PMID: 38891752 PMCID: PMC11171151 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk and dairy products are the primary sources of OBCFAs, which have beneficial health properties. The goal of this study was to identify the factors that influence the content of OBCFAs in cow's milk and to indicate which OBCFAs can serve as biomarkers for fermentation processes. The content of OBCFAs in milk depends on the species of ruminants, with studies showing that this varies between 3.33% (in goat's milk) and 5.02% (in buffalo's milk). These differences also stem from the animals' energy balance, lactation phases, forage-to-concentrate ratio, and the presence of bioactive compounds in feeds, as well as management practices and environmental conditions. The OBCFAs in milk fat mainly come from rumen bacteria, but can also be synthesized de novo in the mammary gland, making them potentially useful noninvasive indicators of rumen fermentation. The concentration of BCFA is lower in colostrum and transitional milk than in full lactation milk. The proportions of total OBCFAs are higher in first- and second-parity cows. The most effective predictors of the biohydrogenation of fatty acids in the rumen are likely C18:2 cis-9, trans-11, iso-C16:0, and iso-C13:0. OBCFAs have been identified as potential biomarkers for rumen function, because their synthesis depends on specific bacteria. Strong predictors of subclinical ruminal acidosis include iso-C14:0, iso-C13:0, and C15:0. The concentration of ∑ OBCFA >C16 in milk is associated with fat mobilization and serves as a significant marker of the energy balance in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kupczyński
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38c Chelmonskiego St., 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.P.); (K.L.)
| | - Katarzyna Pacyga
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38c Chelmonskiego St., 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.P.); (K.L.)
| | - Kamila Lewandowska
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38c Chelmonskiego St., 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.P.); (K.L.)
| | - Michał Bednarski
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Bird and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, 47 Grunwaldzki Sq., 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Antoni Szumny
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Martínez-Marín G, Schiavon S, Tagliapietra F, Cecchinato A, Toledo-Alvarado H, Bittante G. Interactions among breed, farm intensiveness and cow productivity on predicted enteric methane emissions at the population level. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2158953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Martínez-Marín
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova (Padua), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova (Padua), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Franco Tagliapietra
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova (Padua), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessio Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova (Padua), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Hugo Toledo-Alvarado
- Department of Genetics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, México
| | - Giovanni Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova (Padua), Legnaro, Italy
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Denis P, Schmidely P, Nozière P, Gervais R, Fievez V, Gerard C, Ferlay A. Predicted essential fatty acid intakes for a group of dairy cows also apply at individual animal level. Animal 2023; 17:101005. [PMID: 37897870 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ruminant requirements for essential fatty acids (EFAs), particularly linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), have not been fully determined, although evidence suggests that an adequate supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) could improve immunity and reproduction in transition cows. In previous studies, we predicted EFA intake for a group of cows based on animal characteristics and milk EFA secretions. However, to support precision livestock feeding, we need to match the nutrient requirements and intakes of each cow as closely as possible. Our group-level predictions may not be accurate enough to estimate the EFA intake of an individual cow, due to inter-individual variations in EFA digestion and metabolism related to differences in feed intake, intake patterns, and the composition and functioning of the rumen microbiota. To address this issue, here we set out to establish specific equations that predict EFA intake for an individual cow based on the difference (i.e. the residuals) between observed EFA intake and the predicted EFA intake based on our group-level equations. We studied a database of individual dairy cows (26 experiments; 503 datapoints from three research teams) and we predicted the residuals from (1) dietary and animal-related factors (i.e. full predictions) and (2) animal-related factors only (i.e. field predictions), which are considered more field-amenable. The variance of predicted LA and log ALA intake was explained to 68% by observed LA intake and 66% by observed log ALA intake, respectively. The residuals of LA intake were predicted by dietary ALA content, total FA intake, BW, milk yield and fat content in full predictions, and by BW, feeding level, milk yield and fat content, and sum of milk C4:0 to C14:0 FA in field predictions. The log residuals of ALA intake were predicted by dietary NDF and total FA contents, NDF intake, BW, milk protein, LA and ALA contents, and fat yield in full predictions, and by BW, DM intake, milk LA and ALA contents, and fat yield in field predictions. The field predictions showed a moderate loss of accuracy compared to full predictions based on RMSE of prediction (from 38 to 54 g/d for LA and from 0.090 to 0.12 log (g/d) for ALA). This work is the first to predict the EFA intake of an individual cow based on previously established group-level predictions of EFA intake adjusted for dietary and animal-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Denis
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - P Schmidely
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 75005 Paris, France
| | - P Nozière
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - R Gervais
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - V Fievez
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - A Ferlay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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Pegolo S, Toscano A, Bisutti V, Vanzin A, Giannuzzi D, Gallo L, Tagliapietra F, Ruegg P, Gianesella M, Mele M, Schiavon S, Cecchinato A. Associations between subclinical intramammary infection and milk fatty acid profile at the quarter level in Holstein cattle. Animal 2023; 17:100978. [PMID: 37742500 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis, especially the subclinical form, is the most common economic and health problem in dairy cows. Little is known about changes in milk fatty acid (FA) composition according to infection/inflammation status of the mammary gland. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between naturally occurring subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) from different pathogens, i.e. Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis and Prototheca spp., and the detailed milk FA profile assessed at quarter level in Holstein cows. After an initial bacteriological screening (T0) on 450 Holstein cows reared in three dairy herds, we identified 78 cows positive at the bacteriological examination. These animals were followed up at the quarter level two weeks (T1) and six weeks (T2) after T0. In total, 600 single-quarter samples were obtained at T1 and T2. Individual FAs were determined using the gas chromatography analytical method. Investigated traits were 70 individual FAs, 12 FA groups, and six desaturation indices. The associations between subclinical IMI combined with somatic cell count (SCC) and milk FA profile were investigated using a hierarchical linear mixed model (i.e., observational unit was quarter within cow) with the following fixed effects: days in milk (DIM), parity, herd, SCC, bacteriological status (BACT, positive and negative), and the SCC × BACT interaction. The random effect of individual cow nested within herd, DIM and parity was used as the error term for the latter effects. The most significant associations were detected at T2. Notably, IMI reduced the proportions of individual short-chain FA, especially 4:0 and 6:0 (-14%), but increased the proportion of the most abundant medium-chain FA (MCFA), 16:0 (+4%). A reduction in the desaturation indices was observed mostly for 14:1 index (-9%), in line with the reduction in 14:1 (-10%). Somatic cell count significantly affected 14 individual FAs. In particular, samples with high SCC (≥200 000) had significantly lower proportions of 8:0, 10:0, 11:0, 12:0, and 13:0 compared with samples with low SCC (<200 000). Increasing SCC in animals positive at the bacteriological examination were associated with a reduction in total MCFA at T2 (while in negative animals, they remained constant across SCC classes), possible evidence that elongation of the FA chain from 11 to 16 carbons is affected by a combination of infection and SCC. This study showed that subclinical IMI and SCC are mainly associated with reductions in the synthesis of FA and the desaturation process in the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pegolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - A Toscano
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - V Bisutti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - A Vanzin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - D Giannuzzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - L Gallo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - F Tagliapietra
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - P Ruegg
- Department of Agricolture, Food and Environment, Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Gianesella
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, United States
| | - M Mele
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell' Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - S Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - A Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
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6
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Matosinho CGR, Fonseca PADS, Peixoto MGCD, Rosse IC, Lopes FCF, Zózimo T, Filho AEV, Bruneli FÂT, Carvalho MRS, Gama MAS. Phenotypic variation in milk fatty acid composition and its association with stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) gene polymorphisms in Gir cows. J Anim Breed Genet 2023; 140:532-548. [PMID: 37186480 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Individual variation in milk fatty acid (FA) composition has been partially attributed to stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) gene polymorphisms in taurine breeds, but much less is known for Zebu breeds. This study investigated the phenotypic variation in milk FA composition, and the influence of SCD1 variants on this trait and on milk fat desaturase indices (DI) in Gir cows. The functional impact of SCD1 variants was predicted using bioinformatics tools. Milk and blood samples were collected from 312 cows distributed in 10 herds from five states of Brazil. SCD1 variants were identified through target sequencing, and milk FA composition was determined by gas chromatography. Phenotypic variation in milk FA composition fell within the range reported for taurine breeds, with SCD18 index showing the lowest variation among the DI. Fourteen SCD1 variants were identified, six of which not previously described. Regarding the A293V polymorphism, all cows were homozygous for the C allele (coding for alanine), whereas all genotypes were detected for the second SNP affecting the 293 codon (G > A), with compelling evidence for functional effects. Significant associations (based on raw p-values) were found between this SNP and C12:0, cis-9, trans-11 CLA and short-chain FA, and between another SNP (rs523411937) and C15:0 and odd-chain linear FA. A new SNP on Chr26:21277069 was associated with trans-11 C18:1, cis-9, trans-11 CLA, C18:3 n-3 and n-3 FA. These findings indicate that SCD1 polymorphisms also contributes to the phenotypic variation in milk FA composition of Gir cows, with potential use in their breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Guimarães Ramos Matosinho
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pablo Augusto de Souza Fonseca
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Izinara Cruz Rosse
- Departamento de Farmácia, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Thalia Zózimo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Aníbal Eugênio Vercesi Filho
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios e diretor do Laboratório de Biotecnologia do Instituto de Zootecnia do Governo do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Raquel Santos Carvalho
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Atashi H, Chen Y, Wilmot H, Vanderick S, Hubin X, Soyeurt H, Gengler N. Single-step genome-wide association for selected milk fatty acids in Dual-Purpose Belgian Blue cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6299-6315. [PMID: 37479585 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and identify genomic regions associated with selected individual and groups of milk fatty acids (FA) predicted by milk mid-infrared spectrometry in Dual-Purpose Belgian Blue cows. The used data were 69,349 test-day records of milk yield, fat percentage, and protein percentage along with selected individual and groups FA of milk (g/dL milk) collected from 2007 to 2020 on 7,392 first-parity (40,903 test-day records), and 5,185 second-parity (28,446 test-day records) cows distributed in 104 herds in the Walloon Region of Belgium. Data of 28,466 SNPs, located on 29 Bos taurus autosomes (BTA), of 1,699 animals (639 males and 1,060 females) were used. Random regression test-day models were used to estimate genetic parameters through the Bayesian Gibbs sampling method. The SNP solutions were estimated using a single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction approach. The proportion of genetic variance explained by each 25-SNP sliding window (with an average size of ~2 Mb) was calculated, and regions accounting for at least 1.0% of the total additive genetic variance were used to search for candidate genes. Average daily heritability estimated for the included milk FA traits ranged from 0.01 (C4:0) to 0.48 (C12:0) and 0.01 (C4:0) to 0.42 (C12:0) in the first and second parities, respectively. Genetic correlations found between milk yield and the studied individual milk FA, except for C18:0, C18:1 trans, C18:1 cis-9, were positive. The results showed that fat percentage and protein percentage were positively genetically correlated with all studied individual milk FA. Genome-wide association analyses identified 11 genomic regions distributed over 8 chromosomes [BTA1, BTA4, BTA10, BTA14 (4 regions), BTA19, BTA22, BTA24, and BTA26] associated with the studied FA traits, though those found on BTA14 partly overlapped. The genomic regions identified differed between parities and lactation stages. Although these differences in genomic regions detected may be due to the power of quantitative trait locus detection, it also suggests that candidate genes underlie the phenotypic expression of the studied traits may vary between parities and lactation stages. These findings increase our understanding about the genetic background of milk FA and can be used for the future implementation of genomic evaluation to improve milk FA profile in Dual-Purpose Belgian Blue cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Atashi
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; Department of Animal Science, Shiraz University, 71441-13131 Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Y Chen
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - H Wilmot
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; National Fund for Scientific Research (F.R.S.-FNRS), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Vanderick
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - X Hubin
- Elevéo asbl Awé Group, 5590 Ciney, Belgium
| | - H Soyeurt
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - N Gengler
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Saleh AA, Soliman MM, Yousef MF, Eweedah NM, El-Sawy HB, Shukry M, Wadaan MAM, Kim IH, Cho S, Eltahan HM. Effects of herbal supplements on milk production quality and specific blood parameters in heat-stressed early lactating cows. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1180539. [PMID: 37332736 PMCID: PMC10274320 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1180539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study explored the influence of supplemental herbal mixtures on cow milk production, quality, and blood parameters in dairy cows under high ambient temperatures. Thirty Holstein cows were randomly assigned into three experimental groups of 10 each. The first control group was supplied with the commercial basal diet, whereas two treatment groups were provided with the commercial basal diet supplemented with 50 and 100 g/head/day of the herbal mixture, respectively. The results showed that the mixture of herbal supplementation did not influence weekly milk production. Milk total fat, triglyceride, and total protein values were not affected (p < 0.05) in cows fed on basal diets supplemented with herbal mixture; however, milk cholesterol was decreased significantly by 100 mg/head/day of the herbal mixture. On the other hand, lactose has increased significantly by adding 100 mg/head/day of herbal mixture. Furthermore, the total cholesterol level in serum was decreased by adding 100 mg/head/day of the herbal mixture, while plasma prolactin, cortisol, GOT, and GPT were unaffected. Regarding fatty acids (C18, C18:1 (c9), 18:1 (c11), 18:2 (c9, c12), 18:2 (t9, t12), and CLA (c9, t11)), there was no significant variation between the groups. Meanwhile, both C19:00 and 18:3 (c6, c9, and c12) were noticeably higher (p < 0.05) in the group that received 100gm, followed by 50 mg, compared to the control. In conclusion, the supplement with a herbal mixture positively affected milk quality by decreasing total cholesterol and increasing lactose, milk fatty acid profile by increasing unsaturated fatty acids content, and plasma cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ali Saleh
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Soliman
- Departments of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Farid Yousef
- Departments of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Nabil Mohammed Eweedah
- Departments of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Hanan Basiouni El-Sawy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A. M. Wadaan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - In Ho Kim
- Animal Resource and Science Department, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Animal Resource and Science Department, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hossam M. Eltahan
- Animal Resource and Science Department, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Egypt
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He Y, Lei JN, Zhu S, Liu YF, Xu YJ. Monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids-a pearl dropped in the ocean. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:9045-9057. [PMID: 37140184 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2207655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging group of bioactive fatty acids, monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids (mmBCFAs) have sparked the interest of many researchers both domestically and internationally. In addition to documenting the importance of mmBCFAs for growth and development, there is increasing evidence that mmBCFAs are highly correlated with obesity and insulin resistance. According to previous pharmacological investigations, mmBCFAs also exhibit anti-inflammatory effects and anticancer properties. This review summarized the distribution of mmBCFAs, which are widely found in dairy products, ruminants, fish, and fermented foods. Besides, we discuss the biosynthesis pathway in different species and detection methods of mmBCFAs. With the hope to unveil their mechanisms of action, we recapitulated detailed the nutrition and health benefits of mmBCFAs. Furthermore, this study provides a thorough, critical overview of the current state of the art, upcoming difficulties, and trends in mmBCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Nan Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Fa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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10
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Techeira N, Keel K, Garay A, Harte F, Mendoza A, Cartaya A, Fariña S, López-Pedemonte T. Milk fatty acid profile from grass feeding strategies on 2 Holstein genotypes: Implications for health and technological properties. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:169-174. [PMID: 37360123 PMCID: PMC10285234 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine if a feeding system with a variable supply of grass promoted rapid changes in the fatty acid profile and technological and health indices of milk obtained from North American (NAHF) and New Zealand (NZHF) Holstein-Friesian cows. Two feeding strategies were conducted: fixed grass (GFix) and maximized grass intake when available (GMax). The results showed that as the grass intake increased in the GMax treatments, the relative amount of palmitic acid in milk decreased, whereas oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and conjugated linoleic acids increased, causing a reduction in the atherogenic, thrombogenic, and spreadability calculated indices. The changes occurred in rapid response to the changing diet, with reductions ranging from approximately 5 to 15% in the healthy and technological indices within a period of 15 d of grass intake increase. Differences were found between the 2 genotypes, with NZHF responding faster to changes in grass intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Techeira
- Unidad de Ciencia y Tecnología de Lácteos, Universidad Tecnológica del Uruguay, 70200, La Paz, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - K. Keel
- Unidad de Ciencia y Tecnología de Lácteos, Universidad Tecnológica del Uruguay, 70200, La Paz, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - A. Garay
- Unidad de Ciencia y Tecnología de Lácteos, Universidad Tecnológica del Uruguay, 70200, La Paz, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - F. Harte
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, State College 16802
| | - A. Mendoza
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Programa de Producción de Leche, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 39173, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - A. Cartaya
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Programa de Producción de Leche, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 39173, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - S. Fariña
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Programa de Producción de Leche, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 39173, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - T. López-Pedemonte
- Unidad de Ciencia y Tecnología de Lácteos, Universidad Tecnológica del Uruguay, 70200, La Paz, Colonia, Uruguay
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11
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Zhang Y, Xu ZM, Wang Q, Li QS, Sun XQ, Li JT. The Promoter SNPs Were Associated with Both the Contents of Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) and the Expressions of PUFA-Related Genes in Common Carp. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040524. [PMID: 37106724 PMCID: PMC10135829 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The allo-tetraploid common carp encodes two duplicated fads2 genes (fads2a and fads2b) and two duplicated elovl5 genes (elovl5a and elovl5b). The coding SNPs (cSNPs) of these genes were reported to be significantly associated with the PUFA contents. Whether the promoter SNPs (pSNPs) were associated with the PUFA contents has not been reported yet. In this study, after sequencing the promoters of these four genes, we identified six pSNPs associated with the contents of PUFAs in common carp, including one elovl5a pSNP, one elovl5b pSNP, and four fads2b pSNPs. The pSNPs were predicted in the locations of transcriptional factor binding sites. Together with previously identified cSNPs in fads2b and elovl5b, the pSNPs and cSNPs of these two genes had the joint effects on the PUFA contents with higher explained percentage of phenotypic variation of the PUFA contents than single gene. The expression levels of both fads2a and fads2b were significantly positively correlated with the contents of six PUFAs. The fads2b pSNPs corresponding to higher fads2b expression levels were associated with higher PUFA contents. The pSNPs and cSNPs will be useful for the future selection breeding of common carp with higher PUFA contents.
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12
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Conte G, Palombo V, Serra A, Correddu F, D’Andrea M, Macciotta NPP, Mele M. Study of the Fatty Acid Profile of Milk in Different Sheep Breeds: Evaluation by Multivariate Factorial Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060722. [PMID: 35327119 PMCID: PMC8944521 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The quality of milk is strongly influenced by its lipid profile. The increase in fats with nutraceutical properties at the expense of those negative for human health, has always been a goal to improve the functional properties of milk. To achieve this goal, it is essential to know the metabolism of the mammary gland and the relationship between the various lipid components. Much is known about bovine milk, while the aspect relating to the sheep species has not been developed. The present work aims to investigate the relationships between the various fatty acids in sheep’s milk through a multivariate approach, which can highlight the mammary role of lipid synthesis. Abstract A multivariate analysis was used to investigate the fatty acid (FA) profile in three different Italian sheep breeds: Comisana, Massese, and Sarda. A sample of 852 animals was considered: 118 Massese, 303 Comisana, 431 Sarda. Sarda sheep were divided into two groups, based on their breeding origin (298 and 133 reared in Sardinia and Tuscany, respectively). Sarda sheep, bred both in Sardinia and in Tuscany, were considered in different groups, both because in these two regions most of the sheep of this breed are reared, and because they differ in geographical characteristics and in the farming system. The individual milk FA composition of dairy ewes was analyzed with multivariate factor analysis. The extracted factors were representative of the following eight groups of fatty acids or functions: factor 1 (odd branched fatty acids and long-chain fatty acids), factor 2 (sn3_position), factor 3 (alternative biohydrogenation), factor 4 (SCD_1), factor 5 (SCD_2), factor 6 (SCD_3), factor 7 (fat secretion) and factor 8 (omega-3). A factor analysis suggested the presence of different metabolic pathways for de novo short- and medium-chain fatty acids and Δ9-desaturase products. The ANOVA of factor scores highlighted the significant effects of the breed. The results of the present study showed that breed is an important factor in defining the fatty acid profile of milk, combined with the effect of the diet. Breeds reared in the same farming system (Comisana, Massese and Sarda reared in Tuscany) showed significant differences for all the factors extracted. At the same time, we found differences between the Sarda sheep reared in Sardinia and Tuscany, two different regions of Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Conte
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.S.); (M.M.)
- Research Center of Nutraceutical and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentino Palombo
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via De Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (V.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Andrea Serra
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.S.); (M.M.)
- Research Center of Nutraceutical and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Correddu
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Via de Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.C.); (N.P.P.M.)
| | - Mariasilvia D’Andrea
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via De Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (V.P.); (M.D.)
| | | | - Marcello Mele
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.S.); (M.M.)
- Research Center of Nutraceutical and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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13
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Castro M, Matson R, Santschi D, Marcondes M, DeVries T. Association of housing and management practices with milk yield, milk composition, and fatty acid profile, predicted using Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy, in farms with automated milking systems. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:5097-5108. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Hassan F, Tang Z, Ebeid HM, Li M, Peng K, Liang X, Yang C. Consequences of herbal mixture supplementation on milk performance, ruminal fermentation, and bacterial diversity in water buffaloes. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11241. [PMID: 34040891 PMCID: PMC8127954 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the potential of a herbal mixture (HM) to improve production performance, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid profile in water buffaloes. Sixteen Murrah buffaloes (in four groups) were fed for 10 weeks with the same basal diet supplemented with 0 (control); 20 (HM20), 30 (HM30), and 40 (HM40) g/buffalo per day. The herbal mixture contained an equal quantity of black pepper (fruit), ginger (tubers), cinnamon (bark), peppermint (leaves), ajwain (seeds) and garlic (bulbs). After two weeks of adaptation, daily milk yield, and weekly milk composition were recorded. On the last day of the experiment, rumen contents were collected to determine rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial diversity through 16S rRNA sequencing. Results revealed no effect of treatment on dry matter intake (DMI), rumen fermentation parameters, and daily milk yield. However, milk fat (%) showed a tendency to increase (p = 0.07) in HM20 as compared with the control group. A significant increase in mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids (C14:1, C16:1, C18:2n6 and C18:3) whereas a decrease in saturated fatty acids (C18:0) in milk was observed in HM20 as compared with the control group. No significant change in bacterial diversity parameters (alpha and beta diversity) was observed in response to the treatment. Despite the substantial variation observed in the relative abundance of bacteria among treatment groups, no significant effect of treatment was observed when compared with the control group. Correlation analysis revealed several positive and negative correlations of rumen bacteria with rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) and milk yield traits. Bacterial genera including Succinivibrionaceae, Butyrivibrio, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Lachnospiraceae showed a positive correlation with VFA and milk yield traits. Overall, we observed 52 positive and 10 negative correlations of rumen bacteria with milk fatty acid contents. Our study revealed the potential of the herbal mixture at a lower supplemental level (20 g/day) to increase milk fat (%) and unsaturated fatty acid content in buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizul Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Gunagxi, China.,Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Univeresity of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zhenhua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Gunagxi, China
| | - Hossam M Ebeid
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Gunagxi, China
| | - Kaiping Peng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Gunagxi, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Gunagxi, China
| | - Chengjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Gunagxi, China
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15
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Martinez-Castillero M, Pegolo S, Sartori C, Toledo-Alvarado H, Varona L, Degano L, Vicario D, Finocchiaro R, Bittante G, Cecchinato A. Genetic correlations between fertility traits and milk composition and fatty acids in Holstein-Friesian, Brown Swiss, and Simmental cattle using recursive models. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:6832-6846. [PMID: 33773778 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the genetic and putative causal relationships between fertility traits [i.e., days open (DO) and calving rate (CR)] and milk quality, composition, and fatty acid contents (milk composition traits) in Holstein-Friesian, Brown Swiss, and Simmental cattle, using recursive models within a Bayesian framework. Trivariate animal models were run, each including one fertility trait, one milk composition trait, and, in all models, milk yield. The DO and CR data were merged with the test days closest to the insemination date for milk composition traits. After editing, 16,468 to 23,424 records for Holstein-Friesian, 23,424 to 46,660 for Brown Swiss, and 26,105 to 35,574 for Simmental were available for the analyses. Recursive animal models were applied to investigate the possible causal influences of milk composition traits on fertility and the genetic relationships among these traits. The results suggested a potential cause-and-effect relationship between milk composition traits and fertility traits, with the first trait influencing the latter. We also found greater recursive effects of milk composition traits on DO than on CR, the latter with some putative differences among breeds in terms of sensitivity. For instance, the putative causal effects of somatic cell score on CR (on the observed scale, %) varied from -0.96 to -1.39%, depending on the breed. Concerning fatty acids, we found relevant putative effects of C18:0 on CR, with estimates varying from -7.8 to -9.9%. Protein and casein percentages, and short-chain fatty acid showed larger recursive effects on CR, whereas fat, protein, and casein percentages, C16:0, C18:0, and long-chain fatty acid had larger effects on DO. The results obtained suggested that these milk traits could be considered as effective indicators of the effects of animal metabolic and physiological status on fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martinez-Castillero
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, viale dell' Università 16 35020, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - S Pegolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, viale dell' Università 16 35020, Legnaro PD, Italy.
| | - C Sartori
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, viale dell' Università 16 35020, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - H Toledo-Alvarado
- Department of Genetics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - L Varona
- Unidad de Genética Cuantitativa y Mejora Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, Calle de Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - L Degano
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Razza Pezzata Rossa Italiana (ANAPRI), Udine 33100, Italy
| | - D Vicario
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Razza Pezzata Rossa Italiana (ANAPRI), Udine 33100, Italy
| | - R Finocchiaro
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori bovini della razza Frisona e Jersey Italiana (ANAFIJ), Via Bergamo 292, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - G Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, viale dell' Università 16 35020, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - A Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, viale dell' Università 16 35020, Legnaro PD, Italy
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16
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Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh N. A meta-analysis of heritability estimates for milk fatty acids and their genetic relationship with milk production traits in dairy cows using a random-effects model. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Palombo V, Pegolo S, Conte G, Cesarani A, Macciotta NPP, Stefanon B, Ajmone Marsan P, Mele M, Cecchinato A, D'Andrea M. Genomic prediction for latent variables related to milk fatty acid composition in Holstein, Simmental and Brown Swiss dairy cattle breeds. J Anim Breed Genet 2020; 138:389-402. [PMID: 33331079 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genomic selection (GS) reports on milk fatty acid (FA) profiles have been published quite recently and are still few despite this trait represents the most important aspect of milk nutritional and sensory quality. Reasons for this can be found in the high costs of phenotype recording but also in issues related to its nature of complex trait constituted by multiple genetically correlated variables with low heritabilities. One possible strategy to deal with such constraint is represented by the use of dimension reduction methods. We analysed 40 individual FAs from Italian Brown Swiss, Holstein and Simmental milk through multivariate factor analysis (MFA) to study the genetics of milk FA-related latent variables (factors) and assess their potential use in breeding. A total of nine factors were obtained, and their genetic parameters were inferred under a Bayesian framework using two statistical approaches: the classical pedigree best linear unbiased prediction (ABLUP) and the single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP). The resulting factorial solutions were able to represent groups of FAs with common origin and function and can be considered concise pathway-level phenotypes. The heritability (h2 ) values showed relevant variations across different factors in each breed (0.03 ≤ h2 ≤ 0.38). The accuracies of breeding values predicted were low to high, ranging from 0.13 to 0.72 and from 0.18 to 0.74 considering the pedigree and the genomic model, respectively. The gain in accuracy in genetic prediction due to the addition of genomic information was ~30% and ~5% in validation and training groups respectively, confirming the contribution of genomic information in yielding more accurate predictions compared to the traditional ABLUP methodology. Our results suggest that MFA in combination with GS can be a valuable tool in dairy cattle breeding and deserves to be further investigated for use in future breeding programs to improve cow's milk FA-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Palombo
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Sara Pegolo
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente (DAFNAE), Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Cesarani
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione Scienze Zootecniche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Bruno Stefanon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroambientali, Alimentari e Animali, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Paolo Ajmone Marsan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione - DIANA e Centro di Ricerca Nutrigenomica e Proteomica - PRONUTRIGEN, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marcello Mele
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Cecchinato
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente (DAFNAE), Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mariasilvia D'Andrea
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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18
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Bittante G, Cipolat-Gotet C, Cecchinato A. Genetic Parameters of Different FTIR-Enabled Phenotyping Tools Derived from Milk Fatty Acid Profile for Reducing Enteric Methane Emissions in Dairy Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091654. [PMID: 32942618 PMCID: PMC7552146 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to infer the genetic parameters of five enteric methane emissions (EME) predicted from milk infrared spectra (13 models). The reference values were estimated from milk fatty acid profiles (chromatography), individual model-cheese, and daily milk yield of 1158 Brown Swiss cows (85 farms). Genetic parameters were estimated, under a Bayesian framework, for EME reference traits and their infrared predictions. Heritability of predicted EME traits were similar to EME reference values for methane yield (CH4/DM: 0.232-0.317) and methane intensity per kg of corrected milk (CH4/CM: 0.177-0.279), smaller per kg cheese solids (CH4/SO: 0.093-0.165), but greater per kg fresh cheese (CH4/CU: 0.203-0.267) and for methane production (dCH4: 0.195-0.232). We found good additive genetic correlations between infrared-predicted methane intensities and the reference values (0.73 to 0.93), less favorable values for CH4/DM (0.45-0.60), and very variable for dCH4 according to the prediction method (0.22 to 0.98). Easy-to-measure milk infrared-predicted EME traits, particularly CH4/CM, CH4/CU and dCH4, could be considered in breeding programs aimed at the improvement of milk ecological footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 1, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Claudio Cipolat-Gotet
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Alessio Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 1, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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19
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Hassan FU, Ebeid HM, Tang Z, Li M, Peng L, Peng K, Liang X, Yang C. A Mixed Phytogenic Modulates the Rumen Bacteria Composition and Milk Fatty Acid Profile of Water Buffaloes. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:569. [PMID: 33005643 PMCID: PMC7479126 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of a mixed phytogenic (MP) on rumen bacteria and their potential association with rumen fermentation and milk yield parameters in water buffaloes. Twenty Murrah buffaloes were fed a basal diet (consisting of maize silage, brewers' grains, and concentrate mixture) for 6 weeks supplemented with 0 (control), 15 (MP15), 25 (MP25), and 35 (MP35) g of mixed phytogenic/buffalo per d. The mixed phytogenic contained fennel (seeds), ajwain (seeds), ginger (tubers), Swertia chirata (leaves), Citrullus colocynthis (fruit), turmeric, fenugreek (seeds), Terminalia chebula (fruit), licorice (roots), and Phyllanthus emblica (fruit) in equal quantities. After 2 weeks of adaptation, daily milk yield, and weekly milk composition were recorded. On the last day of the experiment (d 42), rumen contents were collected to determine rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial diversity through 16S rRNA sequencing. Results revealed no change in dry matter intake, milk yield and rumen fermentation parameters except pH, which increased (P = 0.029) in response to MP supplementation. The mixed phytogenic increased (P < 0.01) milk fatty acids (C4 to C14:0) in MP15 only. The milk C16:1 content and its unsaturation index were higher (P < 0.05) in MP35 as compared to the control and other treatments. Furthermore, C18:3n3 was higher (P < 0.05) in the control, MP15, and MP25, as compared to MP35. Supplementation of MP tended to increase (P = 0.095) the Shannon index of bacterial alpha diversity and a difference (P < 0.05) among treatment groups was observed in beta diversity. Feeding MP increased the Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Spirochaetes but decreased Bacteroidetes numerically. In addition, the dominant genus Prevotella decreased in all treatment groups while Pseudobutyrivibrio, Butyrivibrio, and Succinivibrioanceae increased numerically in MP25 and MP35. The mixed phytogenic promoted groups of rumen bacteria positively associated with milk and fat yield. Overall, our study revealed 14 positive correlations of rumen bacteria with milk yield and eight with rumen fermentation parameters. Our findings reveal substantial changes in the rumen bacteriome composition and milk fatty acid content in response to MP but these results should be interpreted carefully, as the sample size of our study was relatively small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz-Ul Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hossam M Ebeid
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Zhenhua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Mengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Lijuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Kaiping Peng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Chengjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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Lopez-Villalobos N, Spelman RJ, Melis J, Davis SR, Berry SD, Lehnert K, Sneddon NW, Holroyd SE, MacGibbon AK, Snell RG. Genetic correlations of milk fatty acid contents predicted from milk mid-infrared spectra in New Zealand dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:7238-7248. [PMID: 32534926 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate genetic correlations among milk fatty acid (FA) concentrations in New Zealand dairy cattle. Concentrations of each of the most common FA, expressed as a percentage of the total FA, were determined by gas chromatography on a specific cohort of animals. Using this data set, prediction equations were derived using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy data collected from the same samples. These prediction equations were applied to a large data set of MIR measurements in 34,141 milk samples from 3,445 Holstein-Friesian, 2,935 Jersey, and 3,609 crossbred Holstein-Friesian × Jersey cows, sampled an average of 3.42 times during the 2007-2008 season. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate repeatability animal models. Heritability of predicted FA concentration in milk fat ranged from 0.21 to 0.42, indicating that genetic selection could be used to change the FA composition of milk. The de novo synthesized FA (C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0) showed strong positive genetic correlations with each other, ranging from 0.24 to 0.99. Saturated FA were negatively correlated with unsaturated (-0.93) and polyunsaturated (-0.84) FA. The saturated FA were positively correlated with milk fat yield and fat percentage, whereas the unsaturated FA were negatively associated with fat yield and fat percentage. Our results indicate that bovine milk FA composition can be changed through genetic selection using MIR as a phenotypic proxy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lopez-Villalobos
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - R J Spelman
- Livestock Improvement Corporation, Private Bag 3016, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - J Melis
- Livestock Improvement Corporation, Private Bag 3016, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - S R Davis
- Livestock Improvement Corporation, Private Bag 3016, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - S D Berry
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - K Lehnert
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - N W Sneddon
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; Fonterra Research and Development Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - S E Holroyd
- Fonterra Research and Development Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - A K MacGibbon
- Fonterra Research and Development Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - R G Snell
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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21
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An Untargeted Metabolomic Comparison of Milk Composition from Sheep Kept Under Different Grazing Systems. DAIRY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy1010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different feedings on main traits and polar and semi-polar metabolite profiles of ovine milk. The milk metabolome of two groups of Sarda sheep kept under different grazing systems were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and multivariate statistical analysis (MVA). The results of discriminant analysis indicated that the two groups showed a different metabolite profile, i.e., milk samples of sheep kept under Grazing System 1 (GS1) were richer in nucleosides, inositols, hippuric acid, and organic acids, while milk of sheep under Grazing System 2 (GS2) showed higher levels of phosphate. Statistical analysis of milk main traits indicates that fat content was significantly higher in GS1 samples while milk from GS2 sheep had more urea, trans-vaccenic acid, and rumenic acid. MVA studies of the associations between milk main traits and metabolite profile indicated that the latter reflects primarily the long chain fatty acid content, the somatic cell count (SCC), and lactose levels. All together, these results demonstrated that an integrated holistic approach could be applied to deepen knowledge about the effects of feeding on sheep’s milk composition.
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Bittante G, Bergamaschi M. Enteric Methane Emissions of Dairy Cows Predicted from Fatty Acid Profiles of Milk, Cream, Cheese, Ricotta, Whey, and Scotta. Animals (Basel) 2019; 10:ani10010061. [PMID: 31905761 PMCID: PMC7022645 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric methane emissions (EME) of ruminants contribute to global climate change, but any attempt to reduce it will need an easy, inexpensive, and accurate method of quantification. We used a promising indirect method for estimating EMEs of lactating dairy cows based on the analysis of the fatty acid (FA) profile of their milk. The aim of this preliminary study was to assess milk from four single samplings (morning whole, evening whole, evening partially skimmed, and vat milks) as alternatives to reference whole milk samples from two milkings. Three fresh products (cream, cheese, and ricotta), two by-products (whey and scotta), and two long-ripened cheeses (6 and 12 months) were also assessed as alternative sources of information to reference milk. The 11 alternative matrices were obtained from seven experimental cheese- and ricotta-making sessions carried out every two weeks following the artisanal Malga cheese-making procedure using milk from 148 dairy cows kept on summer highland pastures. A total of 131 samples of milk, dairy products, and by-products were analyzed to determine the milk composition and to obtain detailed FA profiles using bi-dimensional gas-chromatography. Two equations taken from a published meta-analysis of methane emissions measured in the respiration chambers of cows on 30 different diets were applied to the proportions of butyric, iso-palmitic, iso-oleic, vaccenic, oleic, and linoleic acids out of total FAs to predict methane yield per kg of dry matter ingested and methane intensity per kg of fat and protein corrected milk produced by the cows. Methane yield and intensity could be predicted from single milk samples with good accuracy (trueness and precision) with respect to those predicted from reference milk. The fresh products (cream, cheese and ricotta) generally showed good levels of trueness but low precision for predicting both EME traits, which means that a greater number of samples needs to be analyzed. Among by-products, whey could be a viable alternative source of information for predicting both EME traits, whereas scotta overestimated both traits and showed low precision (due also to its very low fat content). Long-ripened cheeses were found to be less valuable sources of information, although six-month cheese could, with specific correction factors, be acceptable sources of information for predicting the methane yield of lactating cows. These preliminary results need to be confirmed by further study on different dairy systems and cheese-making technologies but offer new insight into a possible easy method for monitoring the EME at the field level along the dairy chain.
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Bittante G, Cecchinato A. Heritability estimates of enteric methane emissions predicted from fatty acid profiles, and their relationships with milk composition, cheese-yield and body size and condition. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1698979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Bittante
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - A. Cecchinato
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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Impact of the rumen microbiome on milk fatty acid composition of Holstein cattle. Genet Sel Evol 2019; 51:23. [PMID: 31142263 PMCID: PMC6542034 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-019-0464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty acids (FA) in bovine milk derive through body mobilization, de novo synthesis or from the feed via the blood stream. To be able to digest feedstuff, the cow depends on its rumen microbiome. The relative abundance of the microbes has been shown to differ between cows. To date, there is little information on the impact of the microbiome on the formation of specific milk FA. Therefore, in this study, our aim was to investigate the impact of the rumen bacterial microbiome on milk FA composition. Furthermore, we evaluated the predictive value of the rumen microbiome and the host genetics on the composition of individual FA in milk. Results Our results show that the proportion of variance explained by the rumen bacteria composition (termed microbiability or \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$h_{B}^{2}$$\end{document}hB2) was generally smaller than that of the genetic component (heritability), and that rumen bacteria influenced most C15:0, C17:0, C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-3 and CLA cis-9, trans-11 with estimated \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$h_{B}^{2}$$\end{document}hB2 ranging from 0.26 to 0.42. For C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C16:0, C16:1 cis-9 and C18:1 cis-9, the variance explained by the rumen bacteria component was close to 0. In general, both the rumen microbiome and the host genetics had little value for predicting FA phenotype. Compared to genetic information only, adding rumen bacteria information resulted in a significant improvement of the predictive value for C15:0 from 0.22 to 0.38 (P = 9.50e−07) and C18:3 n-3 from 0 to 0.29 (P = 8.81e−18). Conclusions The rumen microbiome has a pronounced influence on the content of odd chain FA and polyunsaturated C18 FA, and to a lesser extent, on the content of the short- and medium-chain FA in the milk of Holstein cattle. The accuracy of prediction of FA phenotypes in milk based on information from either the animal’s genotypes or rumen bacteria composition was very low. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12711-019-0464-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Cesarani A, Gaspa G, Correddu F, Cellesi M, Dimauro C, Macciotta N. Genomic selection of milk fatty acid composition in Sarda dairy sheep: Effect of different phenotypes and relationship matrices on heritability and breeding value accuracy. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:3189-3203. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Nguyen QV, Malau-Aduli BS, Cavalieri J, Malau-Aduli AEO, Nichols PD. Enhancing Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content of Dairy-Derived Foods for Human Consumption. Nutrients 2019; 11:E743. [PMID: 30934976 PMCID: PMC6520953 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are termed essential fatty acids because they cannot be synthesized de novo by humans due to the lack of delta-12 and delta-15 desaturase enzymes and must therefore be acquired from the diet. n-3 PUFA include α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5n-3), docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22:6n-3), and the less recognized docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3). The three long-chain (≥C20) n-3 PUFA (n-3 LC-PUFA), EPA, DHA, and DPA play an important role in human health by reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Up to the present time, seafood, and in particular, fish oil-derived products, have been the richest sources of n-3 LC-PUFA. The human diet generally contains insufficient amounts of these essential FA due largely to the low consumption of seafood. This issue provides opportunities to enrich the content of n-3 PUFA in other common food groups. Milk and milk products have traditionally been a major component of human diets, but are also among some of the poorest sources of n-3 PUFA. Consideration of the high consumption of milk and its processed products worldwide and the human health benefits has led to a large number of studies targeting the enhancement of n-3 PUFA content in dairy products. The main objective of this review was to evaluate the major strategies that have been employed to enhance n-3 PUFA content in dairy products and to unravel potential knowledge gaps for further research on this topic. Nutritional manipulation to date has been the main approach for altering milk fatty acids (FA) in ruminants. However, the main challenge is ruminal biohydrogenation in which dietary PUFA are hydrogenated into monounsaturated FA and/or ultimately, saturated FA, due to rumen microbial activities. The inclusion of oil seed and vegetable oil in dairy animal diets significantly elevates ALA content, while the addition of rumen-protected marine-derived supplements is the most effective way to increase the concentration of EPA, DHA, and DPA in dairy products. In our view, the mechanisms of n-3 LC-PUFA biosynthesis pathway from ALA and the biohydrogenation of individual n-3 LC-PUFA in ruminants need to be better elucidated. Identified knowledge gaps regarding the activities of candidate genes regulating the concentrations of n-3 PUFA and the responses of ruminants to specific lipid supplementation regimes are also critical to a greater understanding of nutrition-genetics interactions driving lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang V Nguyen
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia.
- College of Economics and Techniques, Thai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen 252166, Vietnam.
| | - Bunmi S Malau-Aduli
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
| | - John Cavalieri
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia.
| | - Aduli E O Malau-Aduli
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia.
- Asia Pacific Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics Organisation (APNNO), CSIRO Food & Nutrition, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Peter D Nichols
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia.
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, PO Box 1538, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia.
- Nutrition Society of Australia (NSA), Level 3, 33-35 Atchison Street, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
- Section, American Oil Chemists Society (AAOCS), 2710 S. Boulder, Urbana, IL 61802-6996, USA.
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27
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Cecchinato A, Macciotta NPP, Mele M, Tagliapietra F, Schiavon S, Bittante G, Pegolo S. Genetic and genomic analyses of latent variables related to the milk fatty acid profile, milk composition, and udder health in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:5254-5265. [PMID: 30904297 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform genetic, genome-wide association (GWAS), and gene-set enrichment analyses with latent variables related to milk fatty acid profile (i.e., fatty acids factor scores; FAF), milk composition, and udder health in a cohort of 1,158 Italian Brown Swiss cows. The phenotypes under study were 12 FAF previously identified through factor analysis and classified as follows: de novo FA (F1), branched-chain FA-milk yield (F2), biohydrogenation (F3), long-chain fatty acids (F4), desaturation (F5), short-chain fatty acids (F6), milk protein and fat contents (F7), odd fatty acids (F8), conjugated linoleic acids (F9), linoleic acid (F10), udder health (F11) and vaccelenic acid (F12). (Co)variance components were estimated for factor scores using a Bayesian linear animal model via Gibbs sampling. The animals were genotyped with the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip v.2 (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). A single marker regression model was fitted for GWAS analysis. The gene-set enrichment analysis was run on the GWAS results using the Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway databases to identify the ontologies and pathways associated with the FAF. Marginal posterior means of the heritabilities of the aforementioned FAF ranged from 0.048 for F12 to 0.310 for F5. Factors F1 and F6 had the highest number of relevant genetic correlations with the other traits. The genomic analysis detected a total of 39 significant SNP located on 17 Bos taurus autosomes. All latent variables produced signals except for F2 and F10. The traits with the highest number of significant associations were F11 (17) and F12 (7). Gene-set enrichment analyses identified significant pathways (false discovery rate 5%) for F3 and F7. In particular, systemic lupus erythematosus was enriched for F3, whereas the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway was overrepresented for F7. The results support the existence of important and exploitable genetic and genomic variation in these latent explanatory phenotypes. Information acquired might be exploited in selection programs and when designing further studies on the role of the putative candidate genes identified in the regulation of milk composition and udder health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - N P P Macciotta
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione Scienze Zootecniche, Università di Sassari, Via de Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - M Mele
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari, Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Tagliapietra
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - S Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - G Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - S Pegolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Genetic parameters of milk fatty acid profile in sheep: comparison between gas chromatographic measurements and Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy predictions. Animal 2019; 13:469-476. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118001659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Schiavon S, Tagliapietra F, Pegolo S, Cesaro G, Cecchinato A, Bittante G. Effect of dietary protein level and conjugated linoleic acid supply on milk secretion and fecal excretion of fatty acids. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Bittante G, Cipolat-Gotet C. Direct and indirect predictions of enteric methane daily production, yield, and intensity per unit of milk and cheese, from fatty acids and milk Fourier-transform infrared spectra. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7219-7235. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Cipolat-Gotet C, Cecchinato A, Drake M, Marangon A, Martin B, Bittante G. From cow to cheese: Novel phenotypes related to the sensory profile of model cheeses from individual cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:5865-5877. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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32
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González-García A, Paz-Rodríguez B, Aboal-Somoza M, Domínguez-González MR, Bermejo-Barrera P. A gas chromatographic study of the conjugated linoleic acid and other fatty acid contents of raw milk samples from Galicia (NW Spain). INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Araceli González-García
- Group of Trace Elements, Speciation and Spectroscopy (GETEE) - Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS); Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology; Faculty of Chemistry; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n. E-15782 Santiago de Compostela (La Coruña) Spain
| | - Beatriz Paz-Rodríguez
- Group of Trace Elements, Speciation and Spectroscopy (GETEE) - Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS); Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology; Faculty of Chemistry; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n. E-15782 Santiago de Compostela (La Coruña) Spain
| | - Manuel Aboal-Somoza
- Group of Trace Elements, Speciation and Spectroscopy (GETEE) - Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS); Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology; Faculty of Chemistry; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n. E-15782 Santiago de Compostela (La Coruña) Spain
| | - María Raquel Domínguez-González
- Group of Trace Elements, Speciation and Spectroscopy (GETEE) - Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS); Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology; Faculty of Chemistry; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n. E-15782 Santiago de Compostela (La Coruña) Spain
| | - Pilar Bermejo-Barrera
- Group of Trace Elements, Speciation and Spectroscopy (GETEE) - Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS); Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology; Faculty of Chemistry; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n. E-15782 Santiago de Compostela (La Coruña) Spain
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Fleming A, Schenkel F, Malchiodi F, Ali R, Mallard B, Sargolzaei M, Jamrozik J, Johnston J, Miglior F. Genetic correlations of mid-infrared-predicted milk fatty acid groups with milk production traits. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4295-4306. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Umar Khan M, Fahimul Hassan M, Rauf A. Effect of temperature on milk fats of cow, buffalo, and goat used for frying local food products. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyx029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Umar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Abdul Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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SNP co-association and network analyses identify E2F3, KDM5A and BACH2 as key regulators of the bovine milk fatty acid profile. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17317. [PMID: 29230020 PMCID: PMC5725496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid (FA) profile has a considerable impact on the nutritional and technological quality of milk and dairy products. The molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of fat metabolism in bovine mammary gland have been not completely elucidated. We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) across 65 milk FAs and fat percentage in 1,152 Brown Swiss cows. In total, we identified 175 significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) spanning all chromosomes. Pathway analyses revealed that 12:0 was associated with the greatest number of overrepresented categories/pathways (e.g. mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and protein phosphorylation), suggesting that it might play an important biological role in controlling milk fat composition. An Associated Weight Matrix approach based on SNP co-associations predicted a network of 791 genes related to the milk FA profile, which were involved in several connected molecular pathways (e.g., MAPK, lipid metabolism and hormone signalling) and undetectable through standard GWAS. Analysis of transcription factors and their putative target genes within the network identified BACH2, E2F3 and KDM5A as key regulators of milk FA metabolism. These findings contribute to increasing knowledge of FA metabolism and mammary gland functionality in dairy cows and may be useful in developing targeted breeding practices to improve milk quality.
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Bittante G, Cecchinato A, Schiavon S. Dairy system, parity, and lactation stage affect enteric methane production, yield, and intensity per kilogram of milk and cheese predicted from gas chromatography fatty acids. J Dairy Sci 2017; 101:1752-1766. [PMID: 29224867 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ruminants (and milk production) contribute to global climate change through enteric methane emissions (EME), and any attempt to reduce them is complicated by the fact that they are difficult and expensive to measure directly. In the case of dairy cows, a promising indirect method of estimating EME is to use the milk fatty acid profile as a proxy, as a relationship exists between microbial activity in the rumen and the molecules available for milk synthesis in the mammary gland. In the present study, we analyzed the detailed fatty acid profiles (through gas chromatography) of a large number of milk samples from 1,158 Brown Swiss cows reared on 85 farms with the aim of testing in the field 2 equations for estimating EME taken from a published meta-analysis. The average estimated methane yield (CH4 emission per kg of dry matter intake, 21.34 ± 1.60 g/kg) and methane intensity (per kg of corrected milk, 14.17 ± 1.78 g/kg), and the derived methane production (CH4 emissions per day per cow, 357 ± 109 g/d) were similar to those previously published. Using data from model cheese makings from individual cows, we also calculated estimated methane intensity per kilogram of fresh cheese (99.7 ± 16.4 g/kg) and cheese solids (207.5 ± 30.9 g/kg). Dairy system affected all EME estimates. Traditional dairy farms, and modern farms including corn silage in the TMR exhibited greater estimated methane intensities. We found very wide variability in estimated EME traits among different farms within dairy system (0.33 to 0.61 of total variance), suggesting the need to modify the farms' feeding regimens and management practices to mitigate emissions. Among the individual factors, parity order affected all estimated EME traits excepted methane yield, with an increase from first lactation to the following ones. Lactation stage exhibited more favorable estimated EME traits during early lactation, concomitant with the availability of nutrients from body tissue mobilization for mammary synthesis of milk. Our results showed a coherence between the EME traits estimated from the analysis of milk fatty acids and the expectations according to current knowledge. Further research is needed to validate the results obtained in this study in other breeds and populations, to assess the magnitude of the genetic variation and the potential of these phenotypes to be exploited in breeding programs with the aim to mitigate emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessio Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Stefano Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Schiavon S, Bergamaschi M, Pellattiero E, Simonetto A, Tagliapietra F. Fatty Acid Composition of Lamb Liver, Muscle, And Adipose Tissues in Response to Rumen-Protected Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Supplementation Is Tissue Dependent. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10604-10614. [PMID: 29141135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The tissue-specific response to rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid supply (rpCLA) of liver, two muscles, and three adipose tissues of heavy lambs was studied. Twenty-four lambs, 8 months old, divided into 4 groups of 6, were fed at libitum on a ration supplemented without or with a mixture of rpCLA. Silica and hydrogenated soybean oil was the rpCLA coating matrix. The lambs were slaughtered at 11 months of age. Tissues were collected and analyzed for their FA profiles. The dietary rpCLA supplement had no influence on carcass fatness nor on the fat content of the liver and tissues and had little influence on the FA profiles of these tissues. In the adipose tissues, rpCLA increased the proportions of saturated FAs, 18:0 and 18:2t10c12, and decreased the proportions of monounsaturated FAs in the adipose tissues. In muscles, the effects were the opposite. The results suggest that Δ9 desaturase activity is inhibited by the rpCLA mixture in adipose tissues to a greater extent than in the other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua , Viale Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Matteo Bergamaschi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua , Viale Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Erika Pellattiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua , Viale Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Alberto Simonetto
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua , Viale Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Franco Tagliapietra
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua , Viale Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
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Wang B, Tu Y, Zhao S, Hao Y, Liu J, Liu F, Xiong B, Jiang L. Effect of tea saponins on milk performance, milk fatty acids, and immune function in dairy cow. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:8043-8052. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pegolo S, Stocco G, Mele M, Schiavon S, Bittante G, Cecchinato A. Factors affecting variations in the detailed fatty acid profile of Mediterranean buffalo milk determined by 2-dimensional gas chromatography. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:2564-2576. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Effect of Calf Gender on Milk Yield and Fatty Acid Content in Holstein Dairy Cows. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169503. [PMID: 28068399 PMCID: PMC5221817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The scale of sexed semen use to avoid the birth of unwanted bull calves in the UK dairy industry depends on several economic factors. It has been suggested in other studies that calf gender may affect milk yield in Holsteins- something that would affect the economics of sexed semen use. The present study used a large milk recording data set to evaluate the effect of calf gender (both calf born and calf in utero) on both milk yield and saturated fat content. Linear regression was used to model data for first lactation and second lactation separately. Results showed that giving birth to a heifer calf conferred a 1% milk yield advantage in first lactation heifers, whilst giving birth to a bull calf conferred a 0.5% advantage in second lactation. Heifer calves were also associated with a 0.66kg reduction in saturated fatty acid content of milk in first lactation, but there was no significant difference between the genders in second lactation. No relationship was found between calf gender and milk mono- or polyunsaturated fatty acid content. The observed effects of calf gender on both yield and saturated fatty acid content was considered minor when compared to nutritional and genetic influences.
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Mele M, Macciotta N, Cecchinato A, Conte G, Schiavon S, Bittante G. Multivariate factor analysis of detailed milk fatty acid profile: Effects of dairy system, feeding, herd, parity, and stage of lactation. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:9820-9833. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bergamaschi M, Cecchinato A, Biasioli F, Gasperi F, Martin B, Bittante G. From cow to cheese: genetic parameters of the flavour fingerprint of cheese investigated by direct-injection mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). Genet Sel Evol 2016; 48:89. [PMID: 27852216 PMCID: PMC5112698 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-016-0263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volatile organic compounds determine important quality traits in cheese. The aim of this work was to infer genetic parameters of the profile of volatile compounds in cheese as revealed by direct-injection mass spectrometry of the headspace gas from model cheeses that were produced from milk samples from individual cows. METHODS A total of 1075 model cheeses were produced using raw whole-milk samples that were collected from individual Brown Swiss cows. Single spectrometry peaks and a combination of these peaks obtained by principal component analysis (PCA) were analysed. Using a Bayesian approach, we estimated genetic parameters for 240 individual spectrometry peaks and for the first ten principal components (PC) extracted from them. RESULTS Our results show that there is some genetic variability in the volatile compound fingerprint of these model cheeses. Most peaks were characterized by a substantial heritability and for about one quarter of the peaks, heritability (up to 21.6%) was higher than that of the best PC. Intra-herd heritability of the PC ranged from 3.6 to 10.2% and was similar to heritabilities estimated for milk fat, specific fatty acids, somatic cell count and some coagulation parameters in the same population. We also calculated phenotypic correlations between PC (around zero as expected), the corresponding genetic correlations (from -0.79 to 0.86) and correlations between herds and sampling-processing dates (from -0.88 to 0.66), which confirmed that there is a relationship between cheese flavour and the dairy system in which cows are reared. CONCLUSIONS This work reveals the existence of a link between the cow's genetic background and the profile of volatile compounds in cheese. Analysis of the relationships between the volatile organic compound (VOC) content and the sensory characteristics of cheese as perceived by the consumer, and of the genetic basis of these relationships could generate new knowledge that would open up the possibility of controlling and improving the sensory properties of cheese through genetic selection of cows. More detailed investigations are necessary to connect VOC with the sensory properties of cheese and gain a better understanding of the significance of these new phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bergamaschi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Alessio Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Flavia Gasperi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Bruno Martin
- INRA, UMR Herbivores, 63122, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France.,Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, BP 10448, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Giovanni Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
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The influence of different sample preparation procedures on the determination of fatty acid profiles of beef subcutaneous fat, liver and muscle by gas chromatography. J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Pegolo S, Cecchinato A, Mele M, Conte G, Schiavon S, Bittante G. Effects of candidate gene polymorphisms on the detailed fatty acids profile determined by gas chromatography in bovine milk. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:4558-4573. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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