1
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Martens H. [The lipidosis of the liver of dairy cows: Part 1 - Role of insulin and the Growth Hormone-IGF-1 axis]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2023; 51:97-108. [PMID: 37230145 DOI: 10.1055/a-2066-2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lipidosis of the liver of dairy cows is a metabolic disease known since many years and is caused by an uptake of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) into the liver cells, limited metabolism of NEFA (oxidation and production of β-hydroxybutyrate), and resynthesis in relation to a low efflux as triglyceride (TG). The pathogenesis of lipidosis includes a) an augmented release of NEFA by mobilisation of adipose tissue, b) uptake of NEFA into the liver cells, c) metabolism of NEFA and d) re-synthesis of triglyceride and e) an efflux of TG as very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). The steps a-e are postpartum modified by hormones as an increase of growth hormone, a pronounced insulin resistance in combination with a decreased insulin and of IGF-1 concentrations. These hormonal changes are related to an uncoupling of the growth hormone-IGF-1-axis with enhanced lipolysis and consequences mentioned above. These alterations are associated with inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmatic stress. The metabolic and hormonal alterations are the result of the selection of dairy cows primarily for milk production without adequate food intake with the consequence of lipidosis, ketosis and further health risks (production diseases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Martens
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin
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2
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Wang Z, Wang Q, Tang C, Yuan J, Luo C, Li D, Xie T, Sun X, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Guo C, Cao Z, Li S, Wang W. Medium chain fatty acid supplementation improves animal metabolic and immune status during the transition period: A study on dairy cattle. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1018867. [PMID: 36776875 PMCID: PMC9911908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1018867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition period is the stage of the high incidence of metabolic and infectious diseases in dairy cows. Improving transition dairy cows' health is crucial for the industry. This study aimed to determine the effects of dietary supplementation medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) on immune function, metabolic status, performance of transition dairy cows. Twenty multiparous Holstein cows randomly assigned to two treatments at 35 d before calving. 1) CON (fed the basal 2) MCFA treatment (basal diet was supplemented at an additional 20 g MCFAs mixture every day) until 70 d after calving. The results showed that the serum amyloid A myeloperoxidase concentrations in the blood of cows in MCFA treatment significantly decreased during the early lactation (from 1 d to 28 d after calving) 0.03, 0.04, respectively) compared with the CON, while the tumor necrosis factor concentration was significantly decreased at 56 d after calving (P = 0.02). In addition, the concentration of insulin in the pre-calving (from 21 d before calving to calving) blood of cows in MCFA treatment was significantly decreased (P = 0.04), and concentration of triglyceride also showed a downward trend at 28 d after calving 0.07). Meanwhile, MCFAs supplementation significantly decreased the concentrations of lithocholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, and hyocholic acid in the blood at 1 d calving (P = 0.02, < 0.01, < 0.01, respectively), and the level of hyocholic acid taurocholic acid concentrations (P < 0.01, = 0.01, respectively) decreased dramatically at 14 d after calving. However, compared with the CON, the pre-calving dry matter intake and the early lactation milk yield in MCFA treatment were significantly decreased (P = 0.05, 0.02, respectively). In conclusion, MCFAs supplementation transition diet could improve the immune function and metabolic status of dairy cows, and the health of transition cows might be beneficial from the endocrine status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanlan Tang
- Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoge Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhantao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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3
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Cavallini D, Mammi LME, Palmonari A, García-González R, Chapman JD, McLean DJ, Formigoni A. Effect of an Immunomodulatory Feed Additive in Mitigating the Stress Responses in Lactating Dairy Cows to a High Concentrate Diet Challenge. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2129. [PMID: 36009720 PMCID: PMC9404850 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy cows are often exposed to multiple stressors in a lactation-cycle, with sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) a frequent example of nutritional stress. SARA affects ruminal and intestinal equilibrium resulting in dysbiosis with localized and systemic inflammation impacting animal health and productivity. OmniGen-AF (OMN, Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Teaneck, NJ, USA) is a feed product recognized for modulating innate immune function, especially during periods of stress. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of OMN in lactating dairy cows fed a high-starch, low-fiber diet. Twenty-four blocked cows were assigned to control or treatment (55 g/d). After the additive adaptation (49 d) cows were fed the challenge diet (28 d). Milk, rumination and pH were continuously recorded; components, rumen fluid, and blood were taken in multiple time-point and analyzed. Results showed that the challenge decreased the rumination, shifted ruminal fluid composition, decreased milk production and the components, and slightly increased the time below pH 5.5, with no differences between groups. The treatment produced greater rumen butyrate and lower lactate, prompter regeneration of red blood cells, increase of neutrophils, lower paraoxonase, gamma-glutamyl-transferase, and β-hydroxybutyrate, with no differences on other tested inflammatory markers. Results show that OMN helps modulating some of the metabolic and immunological responses to SARA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Cavallini
- DIMEVET—Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ludovica M. E. Mammi
- DIMEVET—Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Palmonari
- DIMEVET—Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Formigoni
- DIMEVET—Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
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4
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Lucassen A, Finkler-Schade C, Schuberth HJ. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentation Product (Olimond BB) Alters the Early Response after Influenza Vaccination in Racehorses. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2726. [PMID: 34573692 PMCID: PMC8466050 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) fermentation products (SCFP) are used in animal husbandry as pre- and postbiotic feed supplements. A variety of immunomodulatory effects are noted in many species. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that horses fed with SCFP containing feed additive Olimond BB display a modulated early immune response after influenza vaccination. Six horses received Olimond BB pellets (OLI) and five horses were fed placebo pellets (PLA) for 56 days. On day 40 all horses were vaccinated with a recombinant influenza A/equi-2 vaccine. At the day of vaccination, the groups did not differ in the composition of leukocyte subpopulations and reticulocytes. Twenty-four hours after vaccination total leukocyte counts and numbers of CD4+ T-cells significantly increased in both groups. In PLA horses, the numbers of neutrophil granulocytes significantly increased and numbers of CD8+ T-cells decreased, whereas the numbers of these cell types remained unchanged in OLI horses. Only OLI horses displayed a significant increase in reticulocyte percentages after vaccination. The numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes, CD21+ B-cells, and serum amyloid A levels remained unaffected in both groups after vaccination. Sixteen days after vaccination, PLA and OLI horses differed significantly in their enhanced ELISA IgG titres against Newmarket and Florida Clade 1 influenza strains. The observed differences after vaccination suggest that feed supplementation with Olimond BB leads to modulated early immune responses after influenza vaccination, which may also affect the memory responses after booster vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lucassen
- Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | | | - Hans-Joachim Schuberth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
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5
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Effect of feeding an immune modulator to multiparous Holstein cows during the dry period and early lactation on health, milk and reproductive performance. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Byrne KA, Loving CL, McGill JL. Innate Immunomodulation in Food Animals: Evidence for Trained Immunity? Front Immunol 2020; 11:1099. [PMID: 32582185 PMCID: PMC7291600 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant problem in health care, animal health, and food safety. To limit AMR, there is a need for alternatives to antibiotics to enhance disease resistance and support judicious antibiotic usage in animals and humans. Immunomodulation is a promising strategy to enhance disease resistance without antibiotics in food animals. One rapidly evolving field of immunomodulation is innate memory in which innate immune cells undergo epigenetic changes of chromatin remodeling and metabolic reprogramming upon a priming event that results in either enhanced or suppressed responsiveness to secondary stimuli (training or tolerance, respectively). Exposure to live agents such as bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) or microbe-derived products such as LPS or yeast cell wall ß-glucans can reprogram or "train" the innate immune system. Over the last decade, significant advancements increased our understanding of innate training in humans and rodent models, and strategies are being developed to specifically target or regulate innate memory. In veterinary species, the concept of enhancing the innate immune system is not new; however, there are few available studies which have purposefully investigated innate training as it has been defined in human literature. The development of targeted approaches to engage innate training in food animals, with the practical goal of enhancing the capacity to limit disease without the use of antibiotics, is an area which deserves attention. In this review, we provide an overview of innate immunomodulation and memory, and the mechanisms which regulate this long-term functional reprogramming in other animals (e.g., humans, rodents). We focus on studies describing innate training, or similar phenomenon (often referred to as heterologous or non-specific protection), in cattle, sheep, goats, swine, poultry, and fish species; and discuss the potential benefits and shortcomings of engaging innate training for enhancing disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A. Byrne
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Services, USDA, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Crystal L. Loving
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Services, USDA, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jodi L. McGill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Hurley DJ, Barber CE, Adkins M, Rowson AD, Norton NA, Nickerson SC, Ely LO, Kautz FM, McLean DJ, Chapman JD. An immunomodulatory feed additive enhances in vitro viral vaccine recall antigen responses in dairy heifers. Res Vet Sci 2019; 127:11-17. [PMID: 31670050 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing immunological responses to vaccination is an important goal in many herd health management systems. OmniGen-AF®(OG) is an immunomodulatory feed additive that has been shown to enhance innate immune function in ruminants and its effects on adaptive immunity require additional study. The objective of this study was to evaluate post-vaccine antibody titers and circulating cellular memory development in heifers fed OG and administered a commercially available modified-live bovine respiratory disease (BRD) vaccine. Twenty-four Holstein heifers were assigned to one of two diets for 170 days: Control TMR (CON; n = 11), or TMR plus OG (TRT; 9 g/100 kg BW/day; n = 13). Samples for hematology, serology, and cellular assays were collected on D-110, 0, 21, 42, and 60 of the trial. Heifers were administered two priming doses of a modified-live BRD vaccine, with a third dose given on D0. There were no significant differences in total WBC and absolute number or the percentage of circulating lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, RBC, or platelets on D-110 through D21. On D42 and D60, CON had significantly higher numbers of lymphocytes. On D0, mean serum neutralizing (SN) titer to BHV-1 was significantly higher for CON compared to TRT. SN titers were not significantly different between CON and TRT at any other time point for BHV-1, BVDV type 1, or BVDV type 2. TRT mounted a significantly stronger recall proliferative response to 0.5 multiplicity of infection (MOI) of BHV-1, BVDV type 1 and BVDV type 2 on D42 and D60; 0.25 MOI of BVDV type 1 on D21 and D42; and 0.25 MOI BVDV type 2 on D42 compared to CON. IL-4 production induced by 0.5 and 1.0 MOI BHV-1 (D42 and D60); 0.25 MOI of BVDV type 1 (D21); and 0.25 and 0.5 MOI of BVDV type 2 (D60) were significantly higher for TRT than CON. IL-17 production induced by 0.25 MOI of BVDV type 1 was significantly higher on D60 for TRT compared to CON. IFN-gamma and IL-10 were not significantly different between treatments. These data indicate feeding OG has a beneficial effect on responses to vaccine antigens in Holstein dairy heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Hurley
- Food Animal Health and Management Program, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
| | - C E Barber
- Food Animal Health and Management Program, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - M Adkins
- Food Animal Health and Management Program, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - A D Rowson
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Teaneck, NJ 07666, United States
| | - N A Norton
- Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - S C Nickerson
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - L O Ely
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - F M Kautz
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - D J McLean
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Teaneck, NJ 07666, United States
| | - J D Chapman
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Teaneck, NJ 07666, United States
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Hendawy AO, Shirai M, Takeya H, Sugimura S, Miyanari S, Taniguchi S, Sato K. Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid supplementation on milk production, iron status, and immune response of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:11009-11015. [PMID: 31587902 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) as a dietary supplement on milk yield and composition as well as iron status and immune response in lactating dairy cows. In this study 13 lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to either a control group or a treatment group supplemented with 10 mg of 5-ALA per kilogram of dry matter. During feeding, 5-ALA was mixed with a small amount of the total mixed ration and top-dressed. The experiments followed a crossover design with 2 periods. Each period consisted of an adaptation period of 12 d and a test period of 2 d. Dairy cows fed the diet supplemented with 5-ALA exhibited increased counts of white blood cells and granulocytes compared with the control group. The rate of phagocytosis and mitogen-induced proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in cows fed 5-ALA were higher than in cows fed a basal diet. However, 5-ALA did not affect iron status or plasma biochemical composition. Supplementation with 5-ALA improved milk protein and milk casein contents; however, it had no effect on milk production, milk fat, lactose, total solids, or solids-not-fat, compared with the control. We conclude that dietary supplementation of 5-ALA to lactating dairy cows may have a positive effect on milk protein synthesis and the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Hendawy
- Department of Biological Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - M Shirai
- Department of Biological Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - H Takeya
- Department of Biological Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - S Sugimura
- Department of Biological Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | | | | | - K Sato
- Department of Biological Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Min L, Li D, Tong X, Nan X, Ding D, Xu B, Wang G. Nutritional strategies for alleviating the detrimental effects of heat stress in dairy cows: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:1283-1302. [PMID: 31218396 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress responses negatively impact production performance, milk quality, body temperature, and other parameters in dairy cows. As global warming continues unabated, heat stress in dairy cows is likely to become more widespread in the future. To address this challenge, researchers have evaluated a number of potentially available nutritional strategies, including dietary fat, dietary fiber, dietary microbial additives, minerals, vitamins, metal ion buffer, plant extracts, and other anti-stress additives. In this paper, we discuss the evidence for the efficacy of these nutritional strategies aimed at alleviating the detrimental effects of heat stress in dairy cows. It was comprised of the treatment (dosage and usage), animal information (lactation stage and number of dairy cows), THI value (level of heat stress), duration of exposure, the changes of feed intake and milk yield (production performance), the changes of milk protein and milk fat (milk quality), the changes of rectal temperature and respiration rate (body temperature), other indices, and reference resources. The results of these studies are presented with statistical justification in the tables. In total, the 49 kinds of dietary interventions derived from these eight types of nutritional strategies may provide an appropriate means of mitigating heat stress on a particular dairy farm based on the explanation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Min
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Dagang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Diyun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
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Gandra JR, Takiya CS, Valle TAD, Orbach ND, Ferraz IR, Oliveira ER, Goes RH, Gandra ER, Pereira TL, Batista JD, Araki HM, Damiani J, Escobar AZ. Influence of a feed additive containing vitamin B12 and yeast extract on milk production and body temperature of grazing dairy cows under high temperature-humidity index environment. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Wu Z, Alugongo GM, Xiao J, Li J, Yu Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Li S, Cao Z. Effects of an immunomodulatory feed additive on body weight, production parameters, blood metabolites, and health in multiparous transition Holstein cows. Anim Sci J 2018; 90:167-177. [PMID: 30575222 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the impact of feeding OmniGen-AF® (OG; Phibro Animal Health, Quincy, IL) from dry-off to week 4 of lactation at two doses on production performance and metabolic adaptation of multiparous Holstein cows. Forty-eight cows were blocked and assigned randomly to three treatments: OG was fed at 0 g/head/day (CON), 60 g/head/day (OG60), or 90 g/head/day (OG90). No difference was observed in dry matter intake (DMI) throughout the experiment, whereas feeding OG tended to decrease the percentage body weight change (PWC) on week 2. Although colostrum yield was not affected by treatment, colostrum IgG production of OG90 tended to be higher than that of CON. OG supplementation did not affect overall milking performance but decreased milk SCC during the first 4 weeks of lactation. In prepartum, OG supplementation decreased the concentrations of serum albumin and calcium, and increased serum globulin. OG supplementation tended to increase serum total protein, globulin, and calcium contents postpartum. Furthermore, reduced incidence of mastitis and udder edema were observed. In conclusion, supplementing cows with OG from dry-off period reduces or modulates the inflammation responses associated with parturition, potentially resulting in improved postpartum health, while feeding OG more than 60 g/head/day did not warrant further benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gibson M Alugongo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yuanxiao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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12
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Zhou Y, Zhong JH, Gong FS, Xiao J. MiR-141-3p suppresses gastric cancer induced transition of normal fibroblast and BMSC to cancer-associated fibroblasts via targeting STAT4. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 107:85-94. [PMID: 30502321 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are known to be crucial constituents of cancer microenvironment (CME) and play an important role in initiation, progression and metastasis of various types of cancer, such as oral cancer, pancreatic cancer, and gastric cancer. CAFs are usually derived from normal fibroblasts (NFs), but the mechanism of the transition in gastric cancer has not yet been fully elucidated. METHODS qRT-PCR and western blot were employed to investigate differences of miR-141 and STAT4 expression respectively. The CAF-like features and wnt/β-catenin pathway related proteins in NF or BMSC were assessed by qRT-PCR or western blot after treated with the conditioned medium from different indicated groups of gastric cancer cells. The invasion and migration ability of AGS cells after transfection were analyzed by Transwell assay and wound healing assay. Dual-luciferase report assay was employed to determine the direct binding of miR-141 to STAT4 3' UTR. RESULTS For the first time, the present study found that STAT4 over-expression in gastric cancer cells induced NFs to obtain CAF-like features via activating wnt/β-catenin pathway. Further gain-of-function and loss-of-function analysis revealed that miR-141 not only limited the migration and invasion of the gastric cancer cells, but also inhibited the transition of NFs and BMSC to CAFs. The luciferase assay indicated that miR-141 directly targeted the 3'-UTR predictive sequence of STAT4. CONCLUSION Our data showed that miR-141 inhibited migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells and inhibited transition from NFs to CAFs via targeting STAT4/wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang 537100, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Gong
- Department of Molecular immune laboratory, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China.
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Hall L, Villar F, Chapman J, McLean D, Long N, Xiao Y, Collier J, Collier R. An evaluation of an immunomodulatory feed ingredient in heat-stressed lactating Holstein cows: Effects on hormonal, physiological, and production responses. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7095-7105. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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