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Zheng Y, Li M, Xu J, Sun H, Cheng Q, Xie Y, Wang C, Chen C, Li P. Effects of different cutting methods and additives on the fermentation quality and microbial community of Saccharum arundinaceum silage. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:999881. [PMID: 36212833 PMCID: PMC9539546 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.999881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop a new high-yielding and polysaccharide-containing forage resource for livestock, the effects of different cutting methods and additives on Saccharum arundinaceum silage were evaluated. The wilted S. arundinaceum were chopped and knead-wired. The silages from each cutting method were treated with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), cellulase (CE) and the combination of LP and CE (LP + CE) for 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days. Compared with the CK treatment, CE treatment exhibited better effects in the degradation of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), LP exhibited a better performance in preserving the content of dry matter (DM), and adding LP + CE significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) the contents of lactic acid (LA), crude protein (CP) and DM and significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the pH and NDF content during ensiling. In addition, both additives exerted a remarkable effect on the silage bacterial community (P < 0.05), with a dramatic increase in the Lactobacillus abundance and a decrease in the abundance of Enterobacter. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) became the most dominant bacteria that affected the fermentation quality of LP and LP + CE silages. Meanwhile, chopped silages showed better fermentation quality and nutrient preservation and a higher abundance of LAB. Our research indicated that the chopped S. arundinaceum ensiling with LP + CE could exert a positive effect on LA fermentation and preservation of nutrient substances by shifting the bacterial community. In conclusion, S. arundinaceum can serve as a new silage resource for feed utilization by the ensiling method of LP + CE-chopped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zheng
- Collage of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Mengxin Li
- Collage of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- Collage of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Collage of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiming Cheng
- Collage of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yixiao Xie
- Collage of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Collage of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Collage of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Collage of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Li,
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Milk production, rumen function, and digestion in dairy cows fed diets differing in predominant forage and concentrate type. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Effects of Chopping Length and Additive on the Fermentation Quality and Aerobic Stability in Silage of Leymus chinensis. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8101283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of the chopping length and additive on the fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability in silage of Leymus chinensis. L. chinensis was chopped to 1–2 cm and 4–5 cm, and immediately ensiled with the three treatments, i.e., 2% sucrose (fresh weight basis; SU), 1 × 105 cfu/g Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) or 1 × 105 cfu/g LP plus 2% sucrose (SU+LP). Silage treated with distilled water served as the control. After silage processing for 30 and 90 d, the fermentation quality of L. chinensis silage was evaluated. The composition of the fermentation products and the pH value in the silage were determined at 1, 3, 5 and 7 d after opening the silo. The results showed that in L. chinensis silage there was a lower pH value, higher lactic acid content and better aerobic stability at the 1–2 cm length than those at the 4–5 cm (p < 0.001). When the chopping length was 4–5 cm, the addition of either LP or SU+LP increased the content of lactic acid and acetic acid, and decreased the pH value and butyric acid content, compared to those of the control and SU treatment (p < 0.001). Furthermore, combination treatment of SU+LP performed better than LP alone, and the aerobic stability time of L. chinensis silage at 4–5 cm without any additives was the worst. In conclusion, enhanced fermentation quality and aerobic stability can be obtained by processing L. chinensis silage with the shorter length. When the L. chinensis is cut longer, e.g., 4–5 cm in this study, LP or SU+LP could be used as an effective method to improve the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of L. chinensis silage.
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Li C, Beauchemin KA, Yang W. Feeding diets varying in forage proportion and particle length to lactating dairy cows: I. Effects on ruminal pH and fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, digestibility, and milk production. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:4340-4354. [PMID: 32197848 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) content of dairy cow diets was modified by varying the theoretical chop length of alfalfa silage and forage:concentrate (F:C) ratio, and effects on nutrient intakes, ruminal fermentation, site and extent of digestion, microbial protein synthesis, and milk production were evaluated. Estimates of dietary peNDF contents were compared with recommendations, and predictions of ruminal pH from peNDF and the recently developed physically adjusted neutral detergent fiber (paNDF) system were compared with observed pH. The experiment was designed as a triple 4 × 4 Latin square using 12 mid-lactating dairy cows with 4 intact, 4 ruminally cannulated, and 4 ruminally and duodenally cannulated cows. Site and extent of digestion and microbial protein synthesis were measured in a single 4 × 4 Latin square. Treatments were a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement; 2 forage particle lengths (FPL) of alfalfa silage (short and long) were combined with low (35:65) and high (60:40) F:C ratios [dry matter (DM) basis]. The peNDF contents were determined by multiplying the proportion (DM basis) of total mixed ration retained on 2 (8 and 19 mm; peNDF8.0) or 3 (1.18, 8, and 19 mm; peNDF1.18) sieves of the Penn State Particle Separator by the neutral detergent fiber content of the diet. The dietary peNDF contents ranged from 10.7 to 17.5% for peNDF8.0 or from 23.1 to 28.2% for peNDF1.18. Interactions between F:C ratio and FPL content were few. Increasing peNDF content of diets by increasing F:C ratio decreased DM intake, milk yield, and milk protein yield, whereas apparent total-tract DM digestibility and milk efficiency improved. Increasing F:C ratio improved ruminal pH status but decreased total volatile fatty acid concentration and microbial protein synthesis. Increasing peNDF content of diets via dietary FPL increased mean ruminal pH, but did not affect DM intake, total-tract digestibility, or milk production. The results indicate that feeding dairy cows a low F:C diet helps increase DM intake, milk production, and microbial protein synthesis, but may adversely affect feed digestibility and milk efficiency due to increased risk of subacute ruminal acidosis. Increased FPL improved ruminal pH status, but had minimal effects on feed intake, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and milk production. The results indicate a trade-off between reducing the risk of subacute ruminal acidosis and maximizing ruminal fermentation, feed digestibility, and milk production of dairy cows. The paNDF model showed improvement in the predictability of ruminal pH over the peNDF model, but the accuracy of predictions varied depending upon the diet and ruminal fermentation variables considered in the equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China 028000
| | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Wenzhu Yang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada.
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Liu H, Guo X, Zhao Q, Qin Y, Zhang J. Lipidomics analysis for identifying the geographical origin and lactation stage of goat milk. Food Chem 2020; 309:125765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sun S, Hou Z, Dai Q, Wu D. Effects of the Forage Type and Chop Length of Ramie Silage on the Composition of Ruminal Microbiota in Black Goats. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E177. [PMID: 31003497 PMCID: PMC6523289 DOI: 10.3390/ani9040177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the forage type and chop length of ramie (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud.) silage on rumen fermentation and ruminal microbiota in black goats. Sixteen Liuyang black goats (22.35 ± 2.16 kg) were fed with the roughage of corn silage or ramie silage at chop lengths of 1, 2, or 3 cm. The Chao 1 index and the observed number of microbial species differed significantly between the corn and ramie silage groups (p < 0.05); however, Firmicutes (relative proportion: 34.99-56.68%), Bacteroidetes (27.41-47.73%), and Proteobacteria (1.44-3.92%) were the predominant phyla in both groups. The relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia (0.32-0.82%) was lowest for the 2 and 3 cm chop lengths (p < 0.05) and was negatively correlated with rumen pH and propionic acid concentration (p < 0.05), but positively correlated with the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid (p < 0.05). The ramie silage fermentation quality was highest for the 1 cm chop length, suggesting that moderate chopping produces optimal quality silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Sun
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Zhenping Hou
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Qiuzhong Dai
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Duanqin Wu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
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Thomson A, Humphries D, Crompton L, Reynolds C. The effect of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) silage chop length and inclusion rate within a total mixed ration on the ability of lactating dairy cows to cope with a short-term feed withholding and refeeding challenge. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4180-4192. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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