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Jin C, Su X, Wang P, Liang Z, Lei X, Bai H, Liang G, Li J, Cao Y, Yao J. Effects of rumen degradable starch on growth performance, carcass, rumen fermentation, and ruminal VFA absorption in growing goats. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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2
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Effect of substituting steam-flaked corn for course ground corn on in vitro digestibility, average daily gain, serum metabolites and ruminal volatile fatty acids, and bacteria diversity in growing yaks. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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3
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Wu Q, Cao M, Xie H, Huang Q, Zhou X, Guo J, Sun Y, Yang J, Lei D, Zhang A, Zuo F, Cao Y. Effects of probiotic administration on the digestibility characteristics and growth performance of finishing beef cattle fed a total mixed ration containing different levels of corn stover. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13751. [PMID: 35831959 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of probiotic administration on the digestibility characteristics and growth performance of finishing beef cattle fed a total mixed ration (TMR) containing different levels of corn stover. One hundred and sixty Simmental × Continental crossbred bulls were randomly allocated to two animal houses (80 bulls each) and randomly assigned four TMR differing in the level of corn stover-high (HCT) and low (LCT)-with or without probiotics in each animal house. Feeding HCT supplemented with probiotics increased (P < 0.05) the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Regardless of probiotic supplementation, the nitrogen intake and fecal nitrogen levels of animals fed HCT were lower than those fed LCT (P < 0.05). Additionally, feeding probiotics increased (P < 0.05) the efficiency of ruminal fermentation, final body weight, and average daily gain (ADG) of animals, with this effect being stronger in animals fed HCT. In conclusion, supplementing probiotics with HCT has a positive effect on the growth of finishing beef cattle, thereby providing economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, Daqing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Processing and Utilization of Grain By-products, Ministry of Education, Daqing, China
| | - Manyu Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huade Xie
- Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qiulian Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, Daqing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Processing and Utilization of Grain By-products, Ministry of Education, Daqing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, Daqing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Processing and Utilization of Grain By-products, Ministry of Education, Daqing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Animal Epidemic Control Center of Changling County, Songyuan, China
| | - Yun Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, Daqing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Processing and Utilization of Grain By-products, Ministry of Education, Daqing, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, Daqing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Processing and Utilization of Grain By-products, Ministry of Education, Daqing, China
| | - De Lei
- Jilin Yutian Husbandry Co. Ltd, Daan, China
| | - Aizhong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, Daqing, China
| | - Feng Zuo
- Engineering Research Center of Processing and Utilization of Grain By-products, Ministry of Education, Daqing, China
| | - Yang Cao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, Daqing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Processing and Utilization of Grain By-products, Ministry of Education, Daqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Daqing, China
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4
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Kondo M, Mulianda R, Matamura M, Shibata T, Mishima T, Jayanegara A, Isono N. Validation of a phenol-sulfuric acid method in a microplate format for the quantification of soluble sugars in ruminant feeds. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13530. [PMID: 33638207 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Soluble sugars in feeds are important for ruminant production; however, performing numerous sugar analyses within a short period is a laborious task. Here, we developed a phenol-sulfuric acid (PSA) assay in a microplate format to quantify soluble sugars in ruminant feeds. This method is easy and quick and requires only a small quantity of harmful reagents. We found that assay measurements were not affected by the representative organic acids and sugar alcohol contained in feeds. The treatment of activated charcoal with ethanol extract prior to the PSA assay was effective in removing interfering compounds for a more accurate determination of soluble sugars in certain feeds. Furthermore, the inter-day and intra-day repeatability of the present method was acceptable. Hence, we conclude that the method developed in this study is suitable for routine analysis of soluble sugars content in ruminant feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kondo
- Department of Sustainable Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Randi Mulianda
- Department of Sustainable Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.,Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Masaya Matamura
- Department of Sustainable Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shibata
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Takashi Mishima
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Naoto Isono
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
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5
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Lazzari G, Poppi ACO, Machado J, Bueno AVI, Gomes ALM, Jobim CC, Daniel JLP. Effects of protein source and lipid supplementation on conservation and feed value of total mixed ration silages for finishing beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skab032. [PMID: 33530108 PMCID: PMC7887555 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the conservation process and feed value of total mixed ration (TMR) silages. In exp. 1, we evaluated the fermentation pattern and aerobic stability of TMR silages containing different protein and lipid supplementations. In exp. 2, we compared the performance of finishing beef heifers fed those TMR silages. In both experiments, treatments were as follows: ensiled TMR with urea (U); ensiled TMR without a protein supplement at ensiling, but soybean meal supplemented at feeding to balance diet crude protein (CP) in exp. 2 (SMnf; where the acronym nf indicates nonfermented); ensiled TMR with soybean meal (SM); and ensiled TMR with rolled soybean grain (SG). Thirty-two Nellore heifers (313 ± 8.8 kg shrunk body weight [SBW]) were blocked by initial SBW, housed in individual pens, and enrolled in exp. 2 for 82 d. In exp. 1, treatment without a protein supplement (SMnf) had a lower content of CP, soluble CP, NH3-N, pH, and Clostridium count compared with U (P ≤ 0.03). Lactic acid concentrations tended to be reduced for SMnf compared with U (P = 0.09). Ethanol concentration was reduced in SG compared with SM (P < 0.01). 1,2-Propanediol concentration was increased in SMnf compared with U (P < 0.01), reduced in SM compared with SMnf (P = 0.02), and increased in SG compared with SM (P = 0.02). Dry matter (DM) loss during fermentation was low and similar among treatments (~3.7%). All silages remained stable during 10 d of aerobic exposure after feed out. Considering fermentation traits, such as pH (≤4.72), NH3-N (<10% of N, except for U treatment), butyric acid (<0.05 % DM), and DM losses (<3.70% DM), all silages can be considered well conserved. In exp. 2, diets were isonitrogenous because soybean meal was added to SMnf before feeding. Compared with SM, cattle fed SG made more meals per day (P = 0.04) and tended to have a decreased intermeal interval (P = 0.09). DM intake, average daily gain, final SBW, hot carcass weight, Biceps femoris fat thickness, and serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol were increased for SG compared with SM (P ≤ 0.05). In brief, TMR silages exhibited an adequate fermentation pattern and high aerobic stability. The supplementation of true protein did not improve animal performance, whereas the addition of soybean grain as a lipid source improved the performance of finishing cattle fed TMR silages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Lazzari
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda C O Poppi
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Machado
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Antonio V I Bueno
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana L M Gomes
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Clóves C Jobim
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - João L P Daniel
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Du Z, Yamasaki S, Oya T, Nguluve D, Tinga B, Macome F, Cai Y. Ensiling characteristics of total mixed ration prepared with local feed resources in Mozambique and their effects on nutrition value and milk production in Jersey dairy cattle. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13370. [PMID: 32314476 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To effectively utilize total mixed ration (TMR) prepared with locally available feed resources, we studied the nutritional value and milk production in Jersey dairy cattle fed a local general diet (LGD) and fermented TMR in Mozambique. Ten head of Jersey dairy cattle with 337 ± 19.8 kg body weight, aged 3-4 years in mid location were used in this study. The LGD diet was designed following the general feeding method of local smallholding farms; it contained native grass, Napier grass, wheat bran, and mineral-vitamin mix. Fermented TMR was prepared using Napier grass, corn bran, wheat bran, formula feed, and mineral-vitamin mix. Fermented TMR was preserved as good quality, with a relatively low pH and high lactic acid content. Compared to LGD, fermented TMR significantly improved the dry matter intake and digestibility in dairy cattle. Milk yield was significantly higher in dairy cattle fed with TMR than in those fed with LGD, by 3.75 L/d; milk quality was not significantly different between treatments. The results confirmed that LGD had a low dry matter intake and milk yield, and fermented TMR prepared with local feed resources can attain good quality and improve milk yield in dairy cattle in Mozambique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhumei Du
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Seishi Yamasaki
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Oya
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Damiao Nguluve
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola, Mozambique
| | - Benedito Tinga
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola, Mozambique
| | | | - Yimin Cai
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Miyaji M, Yajima A, Tada S, Sudo K, Aoki Y. Effects of feeding early-harvested orchardgrass-perennial ryegrass mixed silage instead of heading stage harvested timothy silage on digestion and milk production in dairy cows. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13376. [PMID: 32363685 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of replacement of heading stage harvested timothy silage with early-harvested orchardgrass-perennial ryegrass mixed (OP) silage while maintaining or reducing concentrate input on dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, nutrient digestibility, and N balance in dairy cows. Nine multiparous Holstein cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with three dietary treatments: TYL, a diet containing timothy silage where forage-to-concentrate ratio (FC) was 50:50; OPL, a diet containing OP silage where FC ratio was 50:50; and OPH, a diet containing OP silage where FC ratio was 60:40. We observed that an equal replacement of timothy with OP silage increased DMI, milk yield, milk protein production, and nutrient digestibility but decreased milk fat content (TYL versus OPL). We observed that replacing timothy with OP silage while reducing concentrate input increased milk fat and protein yield, nutrient digestibility, and feed efficiency and reduced urinary N loss with no effect on DMI or milk fat content (TYL versus OPH). These results show that replacing timothy with OP silage can be a good approach to improve milk production, feed efficiency, and N utilization and reduce concentrate input. However, milk fat depression should be considered when an equal substitution is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Miyaji
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Yajima
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shingo Tada
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Sudo
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Aoki
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Sapporo, Japan
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Specific enrichment of microbes and increased ruminal propionate production: the potential mechanism underlying the high energy efficiency of Holstein heifers fed steam-flaked corn. AMB Express 2019; 9:209. [PMID: 31884565 PMCID: PMC6935382 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Corn grain has a high starch content and is used as main energy source in ruminant diets. Compared with finely ground corn (FGC), steam-flaked corn (SFC) could improve the milk yield of lactating dairy cows and the growth performance of feedlot cattle, but the detailed mechanisms underlying those finding are unknown. The rumen microbiome breaks down feedstuffs into energy substrates for the host animals, and contributes to feed efficiency. Therefore, the current study was conducted to investigate the ruminal bacterial community changes of heifers fed differently processed corn (SFC or FGC) using 16S rRNA sequencing technologies, and to uncover the detailed mechanisms underlying the high performance of ruminants fed the SFC diet. The results revealed that different processing methods changed the rumen characteristics and impacted the composition of the rumen bacteria. The SFC diet resulted in an increased average daily gain in heifers, an increased rumen propionate concentration and a decreased rumen ammonia nitrogen concentration. The relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were tended to increase or significantly increased in the heifers fed SFC diet compared with FGC diet. In addition, the relative abundance of amylolytic bacteria of the genera Succinivibrio, Roseburia and Blautia were elevated, and the cellulolytic bacteria (Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013) were decreased by the steam flaking method. Spearman correlation analysis between the ruminal bacteria and the microbial metabolites showed that the rumen propionate concentration was positively correlated with genera Succinivibrio and Blautia abundance, but negatively correlated with genera Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 abundance. Evident patterns of efficient improvement in rumen propionate and changes in rumen microbes to further improve feed conversion were identified. This observation uncovers the potential mechanisms underlying the increased efficiency of the SFC processing method for enhancing ruminant performance.
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Restelatto R, Novinski CO, Silva EPA, Pereira LM, Volpi D, Zopollatto M, Daniel JLP, Schmidt P. Effects of holes in plastic film on the storage losses in total mixed ration silage in round bales. Transl Anim Sci 2019; 3:1543-1549. [PMID: 32704917 PMCID: PMC7200403 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ensilage of total mixed ration (TMR) is a technology designed to help farmers with limitations to provide a balanced diet for their herds. Our aim was to evaluate the conservation of TMR ensiled in round bales with or without holes in the wrapping plastic film. Eight round bales of a corn silage-based TMR of 1,000 kg (370 kg DM/m3) were prepared. Ten days (d) after ensiling, four bales were randomly punctured with two holes of 25 cm2 each in opposite sides of the bale. The temperature in the center of the bales was recorded during the storage using dataloggers. After 60 d of storage, bales were weighted to assess dry matter (DM) recovery. Silages were sampled for measuring DM content, chemical composition, pH, lactic acid, and microbial counts. The temperature of the sliced bale face was assessed by infrared thermography. The holes in the plastic affected the DM content, DM recovery, and pH, whereas lactic acid, microbial counts, and temperature were not affected by treatments. The holes in the sealing plastic film should be avoided. However, holes of 25 cm2 each were not capable of causing expressive losses in TMR silage stored in 1,000 kg bales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasiel Restelatto
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Charles O Novinski
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Eduardo P A Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lucelia M Pereira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Denise Volpi
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Maity Zopollatto
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - João L P Daniel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Maringá State University, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Patrick Schmidt
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Miyaji M, Inoue H, Kawaide T, Tohno M, Kamiya Y, Nonaka K. Effects of rice conservation methods on lactation, blood metabolites, and rumen fermentation in dairy cows. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:649-654. [PMID: 30924229 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of rice grain conservation methods on feed intake, milk production, blood metabolites, and rumen fermentation in dairy cows. Raw rice grain was dried before crushing (DRY), ensiled after crushing (ENS-A), or ensiled before crushing (ENS-B). Twelve multiparous Holstein cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with three dietary treatments comprising ad libitum access to one of three total mixed rations (TMRs; containing DRY, ENS-A, or ENS-B at 17% of dietary dry matter) plus a standard allowance of 2.0 kg/day of dairy concentrates. The dietary treatments did not affect the feed intake, milk yield, or milk composition. The selected blood constituents were not influenced by the rice conservation method. The ruminal lactic acid and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and the VFA proportion in the cows were not influenced by the rice conservation method. These results demonstrate that the rice grain conservation method has little impact on lactation performance when cows are fed a TMR containing 17% treated rice grain (dry matter basis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Miyaji
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Nasushiobara, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Inoue
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Nasushiobara, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kawaide
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Nasushiobara, Japan
| | - Masanori Tohno
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Nasushiobara, Japan
| | - Yuko Kamiya
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Nasushiobara, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nonaka
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Nasushiobara, Japan
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