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Brajnik Z, Ogorevc J. Candidate genes for mastitis resistance in dairy cattle: a data integration approach. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:10. [PMID: 36759924 PMCID: PMC9912691 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation of the mammary tissue (mastitis) is one of the most detrimental health conditions in dairy ruminants and is considered the most economically important infectious disease of the dairy sector. Improving mastitis resistance is becoming an important goal in dairy ruminant breeding programmes. However, mastitis resistance is a complex trait and identification of mastitis-associated alleles in livestock is difficult. Currently, the only applicable approach to identify candidate loci for complex traits in large farm animals is to combine different information that supports the functionality of the identified genomic regions with respect to a complex trait. METHODS To identify the most promising candidate loci for mastitis resistance we integrated heterogeneous data from multiple sources and compiled the information into a comprehensive database of mastitis-associated candidate loci. Mastitis-associated candidate genes reported in association, expression, and mouse model studies were collected by searching the relevant literature and databases. The collected data were integrated into a single database, screened for overlaps, and used for gene set enrichment analysis. RESULTS The database contains candidate genes from association and expression studies and relevant transgenic mouse models. The 2448 collected candidate loci are evenly distributed across bovine chromosomes. Data integration and analysis revealed overlaps between different studies and/or with mastitis-associated QTL, revealing promising candidate genes for mastitis resistance. CONCLUSION Mastitis resistance is a complex trait influenced by numerous alleles. Based on the number of independent studies, we were able to prioritise candidate genes and propose a list of the 22 most promising. To our knowledge this is the most comprehensive database of mastitis associated candidate genes and could be helpful in selecting genes for functional validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zala Brajnik
- grid.8954.00000 0001 0721 6013Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, Domzale, SI-1230 Slovenia
| | - Jernej Ogorevc
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, Domzale, SI-1230, Slovenia.
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Identification and Characterization of Circular RNAs in Mammary Tissue from Holstein Cows at Early Lactation and Non-Lactation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030478. [PMID: 35327670 PMCID: PMC8946036 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, circular RNAs (circRNAs) from Holstein cow mammary tissues were identified and compared between early lactation and non-lactation. After analysis, 10,684 circRNAs were identified, ranging from 48 to 99,406 bp, and the average size was 882 bp. The circRNAs were mainly distributed on chromosomes 1 to 11, and 89.89% of the circRNAs belonged to sense-overlapping circRNA. The exons contained with circRNAs ranged from 1 to 47 and were concentrated from 1 to 5. Compared with the non-lactating cows, 87 circRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in the peak lactation cows. There were 68 upregulated circRNAs and 19 downregulated circRNAs. Enrichment analysis of circRNAs showed that GO analysis mainly focused on immune response, triglyceride transport, T cell receptor signaling pathway, etc. Pathway analysis mainly focused on cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, T helper 17 cell differentiation, fatty acid biosynthesis, the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, etc. Specific primers were designed for two proximal ends of the circRNA junction sites to allow for PCR validation of four randomly selected circRNAs and carry out circRNA-miRNA interaction research. This study revealed the expression profile and characteristics of circRNAs in mammary tissue from Holstein cows at early lactation and non-lactation, thus providing rich information for the study of circRNA functions and mechanisms, as well as potential candidate miRNA genes for studying lactation in Holstein cows.
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The immune response in bovine primary dermal fibroblasts is influenced by Interleukin 8 promoter haplotype and vitamin D. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 238:110291. [PMID: 34246812 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a potent inflammatory chemokine, and two gene promoter haplotypes have been previously reported to segregate in cattle populations. Our earlier work showed how these divergent IL8 genotypes influence IL-8 expression and other immune response parameters at a systemic level. Here we extend that work to characterise the influence of haplotype on the local immune response - in primary bovine dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, we also investigated how this response is modulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). Significant induction of IL8 expression was observed in cells from both haplotypes at 3 and 24 h post-stimulation with the TLR1/2 ligand, Pam3CSK4 and with the TLR4 ligand, LPS. IL8 expression was elevated in response to both LPS and Pam3CSK4 in fibroblasts carrying the IL8-h1 haplotype and this result was supported by significantly enhanced IL-8 protein secretion. Gene expression profiles for other known fibroblast immune mediators (SAA3 and CCL20) did not show significant differences between haplotypes but NOS2 gene expression was significantly elevated in response to vitamin D, even above the level detected in response to both TLR ligands. In conclusion, this work has demonstrated that the IL-8 response of dermal fibroblasts is dependent on IL8 haplotype and that the immune response profile in these cells is significantly differentially regulated by 1,25(OH)2D3. Fibroblasts have important immune response capacity and their function in driving inflammatory responses (including iNOS) is underappreciated. Understanding the relationship between cattle genotype and immune function is critically important for uncovering sustainable solutions for animal disease.
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Lactobacillus johnsonii L531 Ameliorates Escherichia coli-Induced Cell Damage via Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity and Promoting ATG5/ATG16L1-Mediated Autophagy in Porcine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7030112. [PMID: 32823867 PMCID: PMC7558184 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7030112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli), a main mastitis-causing pathogen in sows, leads to mammary tissue damage. Here, we explored the effects of Lactobacillus johnsonii L531 on attenuating E. coli-induced inflammatory damage in porcine mammary epithelial cells (PMECs). L. johnsonii L531 pretreatment reduced E. coli adhesion to PMECs by competitive exclusion and the production of inhibitory factors and decreased E. coli-induced destruction of cellular morphology and ultrastructure. E. coli induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome associated with increased expression of NLRP3, ASC, and cleaved caspase-1, however, L. johnsonii L531 inhibited E. coli-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Up-regulation of interleukin (Il)-1β, Il-6, Il-8, Il-18, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and chemokine Cxcl2 expression after E. coli infection was attenuated by L. johnsonii L531. E. coli infection inhibited autophagy, whereas L. johnsonii L531 reversed the inhibitory effect of E. coli on autophagy by decreasing the expression of autophagic receptor SQSTM1/p62 and increasing the expression of autophagy-related proteins ATG5, ATG16L1, and light chain 3 protein by Western blotting analysis. Our findings suggest that L. johnsonii L531 pretreatment restricts NLRP3 inflammasome activity and induces autophagy through promoting ATG5/ATG16L1-mediated autophagy, thereby protecting against E. coli-induced inflammation and cell damage in PMECs.
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Caldeira MO, Bruckmaier RM, Wellnitz O. Meloxicam affects the inflammatory responses of bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:10277-10290. [PMID: 31447141 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used as supportive therapy with antimicrobial treatments for mastitis in cows to alleviate pain of the inflamed mammary gland. They act mainly by inhibition of cyclooxygenases. Meloxicam (MEL) is a drug designed for cyclooxygenase-2 selectivity, which is upregulated upon inflammation, acting as a key enzyme for the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Although some studies in dairy cows showed positive results in recovery from mastitis when MEL was added to the treatments, direct effects of MEL on the immune system of mastitic cows are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of MEL on the immune response of bovine mammary epithelial cells (MEC) with or without simultaneous immune stimulation by pathogen-associated molecular patterns of common mastitis pathogens. Mammary epithelial cells from 4 cows were isolated and cultured. To evaluate dose effects of MEL, MEC were challenged with or without 0.2 µg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS; serotype O26:B6 from Escherichia coli) with addition of increasing concentrations of MEL (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 mg/mL). The addition of MEL prevented the increase of mRNA expression of key inflammatory factors in LPS-challenged MEC in a dose-dependent manner. To investigate the effects of MEL on pathogen-specific immune responses of MEC, treatments included challenges with LPS from E. coli and lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus with or without 1.5 mg/mL MEL for 3, 6, and 24 h. Meloxicam prevented the increase of mRNA abundance of key inflammatory mediators in response to LPS and lipoteichoic acid, such as tumor necrosis factor, serum amyloid A, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and the chemokines IL-8 and CXC chemokine ligands 3 and 5. The prostaglandin E2 synthesis in challenged and nonchallenged cells was reduced by MEL within 24 h. Furthermore, MEL reduced the viability and consequently the total RNA yield of the cells. However, mRNA abundance of apoptosis-related enzymes was not affected by any treatment. Meloxicam had clear dose-dependent effects on the immune response of MEC to pathogen-associated molecular patterns of common mastitis pathogens by preventing increased expression of important factors involved in inflammation. This nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug also has detrimental effects on cell viability. How these effects would influence the elimination of pathogens from an infected mammary gland during mastitis therapy with meloxicam needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Caldeira
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Science, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - R M Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - O Wellnitz
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
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Yang F, Chen F, Li L, Yan L, Badri T, Lv C, Yu D, Zhang M, Jang X, Li J, Yuan L, Wang G, Li H, Li J, Cai Y. Three Novel Players: PTK2B, SYK, and TNFRSF21 Were Identified to Be Involved in the Regulation of Bovine Mastitis Susceptibility via GWAS and Post-transcriptional Analysis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1579. [PMID: 31447828 PMCID: PMC6691815 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a common inflammatory disease caused by multiple factors in early lactation or dry period. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) can provide a convenient and effective strategy for understanding the biological basis of mastitis and better prevention. 2b-RADseq is a high-throughput sequencing technique that offers a powerful method for genome-wide genetic marker development and genotyping. In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the immune-regulated gene correlative with mastitis were screened and identified by two stage association analysis via GWAS-2b-RADseq in Chinese Holstein cows. We have screened 10,058 high quality SNPs from 7,957,920 tags and calculated their allele frequencies. Twenty-seven significant SNPs were co-labeled in two GWAS analysis models [Bayesian (P < 0.001) and Logistic regression (P < 0.01)], and only three SNPs (rs75762330, C > T, PIC = 0.2999; rs88640083, A > G, PIC = 0.1676; rs20438858, G > A, PIC = 0.3366) were annotated to immune-regulated genes (PTK2B, SYK, and TNFRSF21). Identified three SNPs are located in non-coding regions with low or moderate genetic polymorphisms. However, independent sample population validation (Case-control study) data showed that three important SNPs (rs75762330, P < 0.025, OR > 1; rs88640083, P < 0.005, OR > 1; rs20438858, P < 0.001, OR < 1) were significantly associated with clinical mastitis trait. Importantly, PTK2B and SYK expression was down-regulated in both peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) of clinical mastitis cows and in vitro LPS (E. coli)-stimulated bovine mammary epithelial cells, while TNFRSF21 was up-regulated. Under the same conditions, expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), AKT1, and pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β and IL-8) were also up-regulated. Interestingly, network analysis indicated that PTK2B and SYK are co-expressed in innate immune signaling pathway of Chinese Holstein. Taken together, these results provided strong evidence for the study of SNPs in bovine mastitis, and revealed the role of SYK, PTK2B, and TNFRSF21 in bovine mastitis susceptibility/tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Anhui Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fanghui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Li
- National Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Linyi People Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Tarig Badri
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenglong Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daolun Yu
- Anhui Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Manling Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaojun Jang
- Anhui Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Jie Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Lu Yuan
- Anhui Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Genlin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yafei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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