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Jung DJS, Lee J, Kim DH, Beak SH, Hong SJ, Jeong IH, Yoo SP, Lee JO, Cho IG, Fassah DM, Kim HJ, Malekkhahi M, Baik M. Administration of chromium picolinate and meloxicam alleviates regrouping stress in dairy heifers. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:1495-1502. [PMID: 38665072 PMCID: PMC11222853 DOI: 10.5713/ab.24.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research investigated the effect of administering chromium (Cr) and meloxicam (MEL) on growth performance, cortisol and blood metabolite, and behaviors in young, regrouped heifers. METHODS Fifty Holstein dairy heifers (body weight [BW] 198±32.7 kg and 6.5±0.82 months of age) were randomly assigned to non-regrouped group or four regrouped groups. Non-regrouped animals were held in the same pen throughout the entire experimental period (NL: non-regrouping and administration of lactose monohydrate [LM; placebo]). For regrouping groups, two or three heifers maintained in four different pens for 2 weeks were regrouped into a new pen and assigned to one of four groups: regrouping and LM administration (RL); regrouping and Cr administration (RC); regrouping and MEL administration (RM), and regrouping and Cr and MEL administration (RCM). LM (1 mg/kg BW), Cr (0.5 mg Cr picolinate/kg dry matter intake), and MEL (1 mg/kg BW) were orally administered immediately before regrouping. Blood was collected before regrouping (0 h) and at 3, 9, and 24 h and 7 and 14 d thereafter. Behaviors were recorded for 7 consecutive days after regrouping. RESULTS Average daily gain was lower (p<0.05) in RL than NL heifers, but was higher (p<0.05) in RM, RC, and RCM than RL heifers. RL heifers had higher (p<0.05) cortisol than NL heifers on d 1 after regrouping. The cortisol concentrations in RC, RM, and RCM groups were lower (p<0.05) than in RL treatment 1 d after regrouping. Displacement behavior was greater (p<0.05) in RL group than all other groups at 2, 3, and 6 d after regrouping. CONCLUSION Regrouping caused temporal stress, reduced growth performance, and increased displacement behavior in heifers. Administering Cr and MEL recovered the retarded growth rate and reduced displacement behavior, thereby alleviating regrouping stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Jin Sol Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Jaesung Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Do Hyun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Seok-Hyeon Beak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Soo Jong Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - In Hyuk Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Seon Pil Yoo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Jin Oh Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - In Gu Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Dilla Mareistia Fassah
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Mohammad Malekkhahi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Myunggi Baik
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
- Institutes of Green Bio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354,
Korea
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Elmore KK, Chibisa GE. Graduate Student Literature Review: Reducing mortality and morbidity in transported preweaning dairy calves: Colostrum management and pretransport nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00360-0. [PMID: 37414600 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, mortality and morbidity rates for preweaning calves in the US dairy industry are high, with the major cause being digestive disorders and respiratory diseases. One of the most important management practices that can reduce calf mortalities and morbidities is the feeding of colostrum, provided its quantity, quality, and cleanliness, and timing of feeding are according to recommendations. However, other management practices similar to transportation, can also compromise calf health and production performance. When preweaning calves are transported, stressors similar to physical restraint, commingling, dehydration, bruising, and pain may lead to an inflammatory response and immunosuppression, which has been seen in older cattle, and could increase susceptibility to digestive disorders and respiratory diseases. One strategy that could potentially reduce transport-related negative outcomes is the pretransport administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as meloxicam. This review provides a brief background on preweaning mortality and morbidity, colostrum management, transport-related stress, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in transported calves, and highlights some of the current knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Elmore
- Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences Department, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844.
| | - G E Chibisa
- Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences Department, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844.
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Goetz HM, Creutzinger KC, Kelton DF, Costa JHC, Winder CB, Gomez DE, Renaud DL. A randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of transport duration and age at transport on surplus dairy calves: Part II. Impact on hematological variables. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2800-2818. [PMID: 36797188 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Surplus dairy calves often arrive at veal and dairy-beef rearing facilities with health and blood metabolite level abnormalities, which can affect their welfare and performance, predisposing them to future health challenges. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate the effects of transport duration and age at the time of transport on blood parameters in surplus dairy calves following 6, 12, or 16 h of continuous road transportation. All surplus calves from 5 commercial dairy farms in Ontario were enrolled and examined daily before transport (n = 175). On the day of transportation, calves were weighed, blood sampled, and randomly assigned to 6, 12, or 16 h of transportation. Blood samples were then collected immediately after transportation, as well as 24, 48, and 72 h thereafter. Serum was analyzed at a provincial diagnostic laboratory for nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), creatine kinase (CK), cholesterol, and haptoglobin. In addition, blood gas and electrolyte values were also assessed at the time of sample collection. Mixed models with repeated measures were used to assess the effects of transport duration, breed, sex, transfer of passive immunity status, weight before transportation, and age at transportation on blood parameters. Immediately following transportation, NEFA and BHBA were greater for calves transported for 12 h (Δ = 0.22 mmol/L NEFA, 95% CI = 0.15 to 0.30; Δ = 0.04 mmol/L BHBA, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.06) and 16 h (Δ = 0.35 mmol/L NEFA, 95% CI = 0.27 to 0.42; Δ = 0.10 mmol/L BHBA, 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.11) compared with calves transported for 6 h. Glucose was lower immediately following transportation in calves transported for 16 h compared with 6 h (Δ = -15.54 mg/dL, 95% CI = -21.54 to -9.54). In addition, pH and HCO3- were lower in calves transported for 12 (Δ = -0.09 pH, 95% CI = -0.13 to -0.05; Δ = -1.59 mmol/L HCO3-, 95% CI = -2.61 to -0.56) and 16 h (Δ = -0.07 pH, 95% CI = -0.12 to -0.03; Δ = -1.95 mmol/L HCO3-, 95% CI = -2.95 to -0.95) compared with calves transported for 6 h. Calves transported between 15 and 19 d of age had a higher concentration of cholesterol and CK (Δ = 0.27 mmol/L cholesterol; 37.18 U/L CK) compared with 2- to 6-d-old calves, and calves 12 to 14 d old had greater reduction in HCO3- (Δ = -0.92 mmol/L) compared with 2- to 6-d-old calves. These findings show that transporting calves for long distances results in lower glucose concentration and suboptimal energy status, and that this effect varies based on the calf's age.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Goetz
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - K C Creutzinger
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, 54022
| | - D F Kelton
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J H C Costa
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506
| | - C B Winder
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, 54022
| | - D E Gomez
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - D L Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Kunz F, Sendag S, Yildiz M, Failing K, Wehrend A. Effect of a single meloxicam administration on newborn Holstein–Friesian dystocia calves: Field results from the first 10 days of life. Vet World 2022; 15:981-985. [PMID: 35698526 PMCID: PMC9178569 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.981-985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Calves have increased morbidity and mortality rates after dystocia. One cause is pain during birth, which reduces their colostrum intake. The administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may break this causality. This study aimed to determine the consequences of a single administration of the NSAID meloxicam to dystocia calves after birth.
Materials and Methods: Fifty Holstein–Friesian calves born with dystocia from four dairy cattle farms were included in this study. The animals were randomized into two groups. The animals in Group I (n=25, treatment group) received subcutaneous 0.5 mg meloxicam/kg body weight 2-8 h after birth. The animals in Group II (n=25, control group) received a control substance (Amynin®, bovine infusion solution, Merial) with the same volume. The newborn calves were clinically examined on the 1st and 10th days of life. The information regarding the days in between was gathered by questioning the farmer.
Results: There was a significant difference (p=0.04) only in calves with thin, mushy fecal consistency on the 10th day in the treatment group compared with the control group. Moreover, meloxicam had no effect on dystocia calves.
Conclusion: Since NSAID administration did not produce a significant clinical effect, its necessity is questionable. Further studies should examine how modifying its application time would have an effect. The primary indicators of well-being, such as pain indicators in the blood, were not measured; however, these should be considered in subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kunz
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals with Ambulatory Service, Justus-Liebig- University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sait Sendag
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals with Ambulatory Service, Justus-Liebig- University, Giessen, Germany; Clinic for Veterinary Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Van YYÜ, Van, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yildiz
- Clinic for Veterinary Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Van YYÜ, Van, Turkey
| | - Klaus Failing
- Biomathematics and Data Processing Working Group, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Axel Wehrend
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals with Ambulatory Service, Justus-Liebig- University, Giessen, Germany
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Yang J, Du N, Jiang W, Liu C. Effect of Protein Nutrition Level on Protein Metabolism during Volleyball Exercise Based on Edge Computing in the Medical System. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:1614748. [PMID: 35070223 PMCID: PMC8769822 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1614748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, 5G, and communication technologies, the growth of various types of data has shown an exponential trend. Edge computing technology provides users with almost unlimited computing power through a large number of high-performance servers in the data center. It is one of the important solutions for big data analysis and processing. Volleyball has caused a great wave in China as early as the 1960s, but people pay little attention to the physical quality of volleyball players. At the same time, in the medical field, it is difficult to give a clear value to the athlete's protein requirement. Therefore, this article aims to observe the specific values of protein metabolism in volleyball at different levels of protein nutrition. By designing controlled experiments, then these rats under three nutrient levels of protein were observed and protein metabolism was analyzed after volleyball. The results of the study show that volleyball exercise can reduce the nitrogen balance and gastrocnemius nitrogen content. The nitrogen balance of the 17% group decreased from 388 mg/day before exercise to 336 mg/day, and the gastrocnemius nitrogen content decreased by up to 5.2%; serum urea nitrogen concentration and liver nitrogen content are increased, indicating the enhancement of protein catabolism. Different protein nutrition levels have different effects on protein metabolism during volleyball. The protein intake level of 17% is more conducive to resist the protein decomposition caused by volleyball. It can be seen that, based on edge computing technology, the influence factors of protein nutrition level on protein metabolism during volleyball sports can be well explored, and the research results are also very valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Yang
- Physical Education College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Du
- School of Physical Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- School of Physical Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chenzhe Liu
- Department of Sports Physiology, Beijing University of Physical Education, Beijing 100089, China
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Goetz HM, Winder CB, Costa JHC, Creutzinger KC, Uyama T, Kelton DF, Dunn J, Renaud DL. Characterizing the literature surrounding transportation of young dairy calves: A scoping review. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:1555-1572. [PMID: 34802745 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Transportation is a stressful event for cattle, as it may involve various handling practices, commingling, deprivation of food and water, and fluctuating temperatures. Calves are particularly susceptible to these stressors because their physiological and immune systems are still developing. There has been no formal synthesis of the scientific literature evaluating the effect of transportation on young dairy calf health and performance; the aim of this scoping review is to describe and characterize this body of work. We targeted both descriptive and analytic studies examining transport of calves, including listing how the effect of transport has been evaluated. Eight databases were searched for relevant articles with eligible studies being primary research articles investigating transportation of calves of either sex who were younger than 60 d of age or weighed less than 100 kg. Two reviewers independently screened the title and abstracts of 6,859 articles with 361 potentially relevant articles screened at full text. Of these, 46 were relevant and had data extracted. Articles reporting study location were conducted in the United States (n = 5), Australia (n = 3), Japan (n = 3), and New Zealand (n = 3). Common transport-related variables evaluated included time in transit (n = 13), distance of transportation (n = 8), vehicle-related factors (n = 8), and age at time of transportation (n = 4). Outcome measures varied greatly, including blood parameters (n = 28), health assessments (n = 20), weight (n = 17), behavioral metrics (n = 14), mortality (n = 7), feed intake following transportation (n = 4), salivary cortisol concentrations (n = 3), morbidity (n = 3), and isolation of Salmonella Dublin in fecal samples (n = 2). Outcome parameters were measured during transport or ranged from immediately after to one year following transportation. As the transport-related risk factors and outcomes measured assessed varied widely between studies, future quantitative synthesis (e.g., meta-analysis) in this area may be limited. Several knowledge gaps were identified, including methods to prepare calves for transportation, such as improving nutrition, administering medication, or transporting calves at an older age or weight. Further research could also focus on consistent and clear reporting of key items related to study conduct and analysis, as well as the development of a core outcome set for calf transport studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Goetz
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - C B Winder
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - J H C Costa
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40508
| | - K C Creutzinger
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - T Uyama
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - D F Kelton
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - J Dunn
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - D L Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.
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Effects of bacterial DFM and tannins on measures of immunity and growth performance of newly weaned beef calves. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Creutzinger K, Pempek J, Habing G, Proudfoot K, Locke S, Wilson D, Renaud D. Perspectives on the Management of Surplus Dairy Calves in the United States and Canada. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:661453. [PMID: 33928141 PMCID: PMC8076512 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.661453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The care of surplus dairy calves is a significant issue for the United States and Canadian dairy industries. Surplus dairy calves commonly experience poor welfare as evidenced by high levels of mortality and morbidity, and negative affective states resulting from limited opportunities to express natural behaviors. Many of these challenges are a result of a disaggregated production system, beginning with calf management at the dairy farm of origin and ending at a calf-raising facility, with some calves experiencing long-distance transportation and commingling at auction markets or assembly yards in the interim. Thus, the objectives of this narrative review are to highlight specific challenges associated with raising surplus dairy calves in the U.S. and Canada, how these challenges originate and could be addressed, and discuss future directions that may start with refinements of the current system, but ultimately require a system change. The first critical area to address is the management of surplus dairy calves on the dairy farm of origin. Good neonatal calf care reduces the risk of disease and mortality, however, many dairy farms in Canada and the U.S. do not provide sufficient colostrum or nutrition to surplus calves. Transportation and marketing are also major issues. Calves can be transported more than 24 consecutive hours, and most calves are sold through auction markets or assembly yards which increases disease exposure. Management of calves at calf-raisers is another area of concern. Calves are generally housed individually and fed at low planes of nutrition, resulting in poor affective states and high rates of morbidity and mortality. Strategies to manage high-risk calves identified at arrival could be implemented to reduce disease burden, however, increasing the plane of nutrition and improving housing systems will likely have a more significant impact on health and welfare. However, we argue the current system is not sustainable and new solutions for surplus calves should be considered. A coordinated and holistic approach including substantial change on source dairy farms and multiple areas within the system used to market and raise surplus dairy calves, can lead to more sustainable veal and beef production with improved calf outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Pempek
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Gregory Habing
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kathryn Proudfoot
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - Samantha Locke
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Devon Wilson
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - David Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Clark MOC, Stahl TC, Erickson PS. The effect of meloxicam on neonatal dairy calves: Immunoglobulin G uptake and preweaning performance. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:11363-11374. [PMID: 33041029 PMCID: PMC7544632 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives of this study were to determine effects of meloxicam administered in 2 forms on IgG uptake, growth, and health of preweaned calves. Sixteen Holstein bulls and 14 heifers with a body weight (BW) of 44.3 ± 5.24 kg were blocked by birth date in a randomized complete block design. Calves were removed from the dam before suckling, weighed, and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: (1) colostrum replacer (CR) at 0 h with no meloxicam (control; CON), (2) 1 mg/kg of BW of meloxicam in pill form before CR (PL), or (3) 1 mg/kg of BW of meloxicam mixed in solution with CR (SL). Calves were fed 675 g of dry matter of CR, providing a volume of 3 L and 180 g of IgG. Blood samples were collected at 0 h to analyze initial IgG and ketone concentrations, and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 h to analyze IgG uptake. At 24 h, calves were fed 432 g of dry matter of 24% crude protein milk replacer (MR) split in 2 feedings, and free choice starter and water until 42 d. Weekly blood samples were analyzed for glucose, plasma urea nitrogen, and ketone concentrations. Time of consumption of MR, BW, length, hip and withers height, and heart girth were recorded weekly. All calves achieved adequate transfer of immunity. Meloxicam did not affect apparent efficiency of absorption, serum total protein, or IgG uptake at 6, 18, and 24 h; however, meloxicam-treated calves had lesser IgG concentrations at 12 h (24.40 and 22.59 g/L for PL and SL, respectively) compared with CON (28.47 g/L). Meloxicam treatment did not affect BW. Calves that received PL tended to gain length at a faster rate (0.24 cm/d) than those that received SL (0.19 cm/d). Meloxicam treatment did not affect MR intake, time of consumption of MR, total dry matter intake, or feed efficiency. Meloxicam-treated calves tended to consume more starter (560.4 and 515.4 g/d for PL and SL, respectively) than those that received CON (452.6 g/d). Ketone levels tended to be greater in meloxicam-treated calves (0.15 and 0.17 mmol/L for PL and SL, respectively), suggesting improved rumen development compared with those that received CON (0.12 mmol/L). Meloxicam treatment did not affect plasma urea nitrogen . Glucose concentrations of calves that received PL (73.2 mg/dL) were less than those that received SL (83.3 mg/dL). Results of this study suggest that meloxicam given at 0 h offers positive effects on starter intake, and possibly rumen development, of preweaned dairy calves. Treatment PL, as compared with SL, offered positive results for rumen development, indicated by lower blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O C Clark
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, 03824
| | - T C Stahl
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, 03824
| | - P S Erickson
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, 03824.
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