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Cappellozza BI, Joergensen JN, Copani G, Bryan KA, Fantinati P, Bodin JC, Khahi MM, NinoDeGuzman C, Arriola KG, Lima LO, Farooq S, Vyas D. Evaluation of a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial probiotic on in vitro rumen gas production and nutrient digestibility of different feedstuffs and total mixed rations. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad044. [PMID: 37216187 PMCID: PMC10199785 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) on total in vitro gas production, dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and starch disappearance of different feedstuffs and total mixed rations (TMR) in three different experiments. In experiment 1, six single fiber-based feedstuffs were evaluated: alfalfa hay, buffalo grass, beet pulp, eragrostis hay, oat hay, and smutsvinger grass. Experimental treatments were control (with no probiotic inoculation; CON) or incubation of a probiotic mixture containing Bacillus licheniformis and B. subtilis (3.2 × 109 CFU/g; DFM). The calculation of DFM dose under in vitro conditions was based on the assumption of a rumen capacity of 70 liter and the dose of 3 g of the DFM mixture/head/d (9.6 × 109 CFU). Total in vitro gas production, DM, and NDF disappearance were evaluated at 24- and 48 h posttreatment incubation. Mean treatment effects were observed at 24- and 48 h gas production (P < 0.0001), as DFM incubation increased in vitro gas production by 5.0% and 6.5%, respectively. For nutrient digestibility, mean DM digestibility was increased at 48 h (P = 0.05), whereas mean NDF digestibility increased at both timepoints by incubating DFM in vitro (P ≤ 0.02). In experiment 2, nine commercial dairy TMR were collected and evaluated for the same variables and treatments described in experiment 1, with the additional analysis of starch digestibility at 7 h post in vitro incubation. The only difference was the concentration of the DFM included, being representative for a dosage of 8.8 × 109 CFU/head/d. In vitro gas production was increased only at 48 h due to DFM incubation (P = 0.05), whereas DM and NDF digestibility were improved at 24 and 48 h (P ≤ 0.02). No treatment effects were observed on in vitro starch digestibility (P = 0.31). In experiment 3, a combined analysis of DM and NDF digestibility was performed by using quality values (NDF and crude protein or CP) of 16 substrates. Regardless of CP and NDF levels of the substrates, DFM improved in vitro 24 and 48 h DM and NDF digestibility (P ≤ 0.03). In summary, incubating a Bacillus-based DFM (B. licheniformis and B. subtilis; BOVACILLUS) improved mean in vitro gas production, DM, and NDF digestibility of single feedstuffs and commercial dairy TMR, highlighting the potential of this combination of Bacillus spp. to improve nutrient utilization, mainly fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Keith A Bryan
- North America Technical Services, Chr. Hansen Inc., Milwaukee, WI 53214, USA
| | | | | | - Mohammad Malek Khahi
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Carlos NinoDeGuzman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kathy G Arriola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Laís O Lima
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Samia Farooq
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Diwakar Vyas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Almeida K, Santos G, Daniel J, Nino-de-Guzman C, Amaro F, Sultana H, Arriola K, Araujo R, Vyas D. Effects of nitrate sources on in vitro methane production and ruminal fermentation parameters in diets differing in starch degradability. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Ferreira G, Burch A, Martin L, Hines S, Shewmaker G, Chahine M. Effect of drought stress on in situ ruminal starch degradation kinetics of corn for silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Beckett L, Gleason CB, Bedford A, Liebe D, Yohe TT, Hall MB, Daniels KM, White RR. Rumen volatile fatty acid molar proportions, rumen epithelial gene expression, and blood metabolite concentration responses to ruminally degradable starch and fiber supplies. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:8857-8869. [PMID: 33985782 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to characterize rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, rumen epithelial gene expression, and blood metabolite responses to diets with different starch and fiber sources. Six ruminally cannulated yearling Holstein heifers (body weight = 330 ± 11.3 kg) were arranged in a partially replicated Latin square experiment with 4 treatments consisting of different starch [barley (BAR) or corn (CRN)] and fiber [timothy hay (TH) or beet pulp (BP)] sources. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial. Beet pulp and TH were used to create relative changes in apparent ruminal fiber disappearance, whereas CRN and BAR were used to create relative changes in apparent ruminal starch disappearance. Each period consisted of 3 d of diet adaptation and 15 d of dietary treatment. In situ disappearance of fiber and starch were estimated from bags incubated in the rumen from d 10 to 14. From d 15 to 17, rumen fluid was collected every hour from 0500 to 2300 h. Rumen fluid samples were pooled by animal/period and analyzed for pH and VFA concentrations. On d 18, 60 to 80 papillae were biopsied from the epithelium and preserved for gene expression analysis. On d 18, one blood sample per heifer was collected from the coccygeal vessel. In situ ruminal starch disappearance rate (7.30 to 8.72%/h for BAR vs. 7.61 to 10.5%/h for CRN) and the extent of fiber disappearance (22.2 to 33.4% of DM for TH vs. 34.4 to 38.7% of DM for BP) were affected by starch and fiber source, respectively. Analysis of VFA molar proportions showed a shift from propionate to acetate, and valerate to isovalerate on TH diets compared with BP. Corn diets favored propionate over butyrate in comparison to BAR diets. Corn diets also had higher molar proportions of valerate. Expression of 1 gene (SLC9A3) were increased in BP diets and 2 genes (BDH1 and SLC16A4) tended to be increased in TH diets. Plasma acetate demonstrated a tendency for a starch by fiber interaction with BAR-BP diets having the highest plasma acetate, but other metabolites measured were not significant. These results suggest that TH has the greatest effect on shifts in VFA molar proportions and epithelial transporters, but does not demonstrate shifts in blood metabolite concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Beckett
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061
| | - C B Gleason
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061
| | - A Bedford
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061
| | - D Liebe
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061
| | - T T Yohe
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061
| | - M B Hall
- US Dairy Forage Research Center, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI 53706
| | - K M Daniels
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061
| | - R R White
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061.
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