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Tsaousioti A, Praxitelous A, Kok A, Kiossis E, Boscos C, Tsousis G. Association between dam and calf measurements with overall and fetopelvic dystocia in Holstein heifers. J DAIRY RES 2023; 90:261-268. [PMID: 37587723 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029923000468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between dam's pelvic and calf's dimensions with dystocia due to fetopelvic disproportion in the Holstein breed and estimated risk factors and dystocia probability. For this purpose, external pelvic measurements were performed in 402 heifers 15 ± 11 (1-38) days ante-partum and specific conformation measurements were obtained from their calves 1.7 ± 1.2 post-partum. Dystocia was defined as the inability of the heifer to complete parturition spontaneously within 120 min after the appearance of the amnion with normal presentation, position and posture or as having definite obstetrical obstacles within 60 min. Overall and fetopelvic disproportion dystocia incidence was 10.4% and 5.2%, respectively. Heifer measurements mainly influenced overall dystocia, whereas calf conformation was related solely with fetopelvic dystocia. Specifically, heifers with a small pelvis (hip width <49.95 cm, pelvic inlet area <333.2 cm2, pelvic volume <7799.2 cm3) had 2.8 to 3.5 times greater incidence of overall dystocia (19.0-20.8%) compared to heifers with a larger pelvis (incidence of 7.0-7.6%). Regarding calf factors, sex (male calves), body weight, chest circumference and fetlock joint circumference significantly increased the odds of experiencing dystocia due to fetopelvic disproportion compared with female, lighter or smaller calves. In a backward elimination model with independent variables treated as continuous, an area under the ROC curve of 0.66 regarding the prediction of overall dystocia based on heifer pelvic length, and of 0.64 for the prediction of fetopelvic dystocia based on fetlock joint circumference was found. The combination of the two variables in one model improved the ROC area to 0.71 regarding dystocia due to fetopelvic disproportion, reaching acceptable level of discrimination. Our findings indicate that dystocia due to fetopelvic disproportion in heifers is mainly influenced by the fetal side. Additionally, the estimation of pelvic dimensions of the dam before parturition and specific conformation characteristics of the calf during parturition, especially fetlock joint circumference, could aid obstetricians and herdsmen regarding dystocia probability and parturition surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Tsaousioti
- Clinic of Farm Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Praxitelous
- Clinic of Farm Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Akke Kok
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Evangelos Kiossis
- Clinic of Farm Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantinos Boscos
- Clinic of Farm Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsousis
- Clinic of Farm Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Akin I, Sevil-Kilimci F, Yaygingul R, Bardakcioglu HE. Radiographic Evaluation of Fractured and Non-Fractured Metacarpal Bones in Holstein Calves Subjected to Pulling during Dystocia. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2023; 36:117-124. [PMID: 36652955 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the transverse cortical cross-sections of the metacarpal bones of newborn calves subjected to pulling during dystocia. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, radiographs of 63 metacarpal bones (35 fractured and 28 non-fractured) of 50 Holstein calves were evaluated in this study. According to the declaration of the owners, all calves were pulled by their metacarpal bones during parturition.The periosteal and endosteal diameters, medial and lateral cortical thicknesses and dorsal and palmar cortical thicknesses were measured. Furthermore, the total, cortical and medullary areas of each section, moments of inertia on the X and Y axes, major and minor principal moments of inertia, angle of rotation of the axis and polar moment of inertia were calculated. The data were analysed by sex and body weight. RESULTS Body weight did not affect the bone status. However, females had a 6.5 times higher risk of bone fracture as compared with the males (p = 0.001). The lateral cortical thickness of the fractured bones in the female animals was thinner than that of the male animals (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION These results can be used to improve dystocia manipulations, encourage the development of new tools for dystocia and the treatment of metacarpal fractures in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Akin
- Department of Surgery, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Figen Sevil-Kilimci
- Department of Anatomy, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Rahime Yaygingul
- Department of Surgery, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Husnu Erbay Bardakcioglu
- Department of Animal Science, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin, Turkey
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Maeda T, Kitahara G, Osawa T. Establishment of a method to predict dystocia due to physical imbalance between foetus and maternal pelvis in Japanese Black cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:1029-1037. [PMID: 35662284 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the maternal pelvis and calf size in normal and dystocia groups (Experiment 1) and to establish a method to predict dystocia due to physical imbalance between foetus and maternal pelvis before calving based on the parameters found in Experiment 1 (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, 26 pairs of dams and their offspring were tested immediately after calving, and various parameters of offspring size and maternal pelvis were measured in normal and dystocia cases. The longitudinal diameter of the maternal pelvis was smaller (P < 0.01), and ratios of the offspring's birth weight and the width of the hoof crown (hoof width; measured using callipers) to the longitudinal diameter of the maternal pelvis were larger (P < 0.01) in the dystocia group than those in the normal group. In Experiment 2, 37 cows were tested, and in addition to the measurement items of Experiment 1, the inner pelvic diameter and the foetal hoof width were measured via ultrasonography at 285 days of gestation. The ratio of the internal diameter of the maternal pelvis (longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, and area) to the foetal hoof width was compared and was greater (P < 0.01) in the dystocia group than in the normal group. In conclusion, the risk of dystocia can be estimated by the ratio of the foetal hoof width to the longitudinal diameter of the maternal pelvis before calving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Maeda
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.,Miyazaki Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Go Kitahara
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.,Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Osawa
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.,Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Japan
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Bahrami-Yekdangi M, Ghorbani GR, Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi A, Mahnani A, Drackley JK, Ghaffari MH. Identification of cow-level risk factors and associations of selected blood macro-minerals at parturition with dystocia and stillbirth in Holstein dairy cows. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5929. [PMID: 35396559 PMCID: PMC8993806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A deeper understanding of the risk factors for dystocia and stillbirth could help farmers make decisions about dairy cow management. The objectives of this study were to investigate cow-level risk factors associated with dystocia and stillbirth in a relatively large sample of dairy cows using multivariable linear regression models. The data consisted of 51,405 calving records of 14,546 Holstein cows from 3 dairy herds in Isfahan Province, Iran, collected between April 2011 and September 2017. To investigate the association between selected blood macro-minerals and the incidence of dystocia and stillbirth, blood samples were collected at the time of parturition from a random subset of these cows, which included 1311 animals. The incidence of dystocia and stillbirths averaged 14.7% and 4.3%, respectively. Results showed that calving year, calving season, dry period length, BCS, parity, calf sex, calf birth weight, twin status, and stillbirth were significantly associated with the incidence of dystocia. According to the Random Forest (RF) classifier, we found that dry period length, calf birth weight, and parity were the most important cow-level risk factors for the incidence of dystocia. Calving year, calving season, parity, twin status, dry period length, calf birth weight, calf sex, and dystocia were significantly associated with the incidence of stillbirths. The most important risk factors identified by the RF classifier for stillbirths were twin status, parity, dry period length, and calf birth weight. Also, interactions between the cow-level risk factors associated with dystocia and stillbirth were identified. The incidence of dystocia was associated with the interactions of twin status × calf birth weight and twin status × stillbirth. According to our analysis, the incidence of stillbirth is caused by interactions among several factors, such as twin status × length of dry period, twin status × calving season, and twin status × parity. The highest incidence of dystocia (21.3%) and stillbirths (5.4%) was observed in hypo-calcemic cows. In conclusion, twin status seems to be a determining factor for the incidence of stillbirths but not for dystocia. Finally, the results of this study may help the dairy industry make management decisions aimed at reducing dystocia and stillbirth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bahrami-Yekdangi
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), 3146618361, Karaj, Iran
| | - G R Ghorbani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, PO Box, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - A Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, PO Box, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - A Mahnani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, PO Box, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - J K Drackley
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - M H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
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Grove-White D. Managing bovine dystocia - an age-old problem. Vet Rec 2021; 188:67-69. [PMID: 34651846 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dai Grove-White
- School of Veterinary Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
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Ishiyama D, Makino E, Nakamura Y, Uchida M, Shimizu H, Ono M, Horikita T. Perinatal rib fractures in 18 calves delivered from Holstein dams. Vet Anim Sci 2020; 10:100134. [PMID: 32775764 PMCID: PMC7399173 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2020.100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We diagnosed rib fractures by palpation, computed tomography, and thoracic necropsy. For 163 symptomatic calves delivered from Holstein-Friesian dams on farms in Japan, 11.0% (18) showed rib fractures by palpation. Four of five calves that were scanned or necropsied presented with pneumonia despite not having tracheal stenosis. Rib fractures decreased sale prices at a livestock market and longevity.
Cranial rib fractures during dystocia and the ensuing callus formations in calves often cause tracheal stenosis. Rib fractures may affect the lung since ribs tend to fracture above the costochondral junction during delivery. Considering that calving assistance rates for dystocia are high, calves with fractured ribs may develop respiratory disease which results in economic loss. The objective of this study was to elucidate the contribution of rib fractures to economic loss through respiratory disease in calves. Of 163 sick calves delivered from Holstein-Friesian dams included in this study, a total of 18 rib fractured calves was found, giving an incidence of rib fracture in sick calves of 11.0%. There were significant differences in incidence by the rib involved, indicating the 2nd to 7th ribs tend to break. Many of the rib fractured calves showed dyspnea and pyrexia. In this study, four of five scanned or necropsied calves had pneumonia lesions despite the fact that these four calves did not have tracheal stenosis. Rib fractured calves sold at below market value with a median difference from average sale price of minus 64,861 yen. Survival analysis indicated an overall association between rib fracture and time to death. In this study, we demonstrated that rib fractures happened most frequently in the 2nd to 7th ribs, and these cases tended to cause pneumonia, which decreased sale prices and longevity. Farmers should work to reduce risks and rates of dystocia so as to lessen economic loss and poor welfare in calves due to rib fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Ishiyama
- Western Veterinary Clinical Center, Chiba Prefectural Federated Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, 2-5-12 Midorigaoka, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba 276-0049, Japan
| | - E. Makino
- Western Veterinary Clinical Center, Chiba Prefectural Federated Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, 2-5-12 Midorigaoka, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba 276-0049, Japan
| | - Y. Nakamura
- Western Veterinary Clinical Center, Chiba Prefectural Federated Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, 2-5-12 Midorigaoka, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba 276-0049, Japan
| | - M. Uchida
- Western Veterinary Clinical Center, Chiba Prefectural Federated Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, 2-5-12 Midorigaoka, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba 276-0049, Japan
| | - H. Shimizu
- Western Veterinary Clinical Center, Chiba Prefectural Federated Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, 2-5-12 Midorigaoka, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba 276-0049, Japan
| | - M. Ono
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - T. Horikita
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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Yang KY, Jeon JH, Kwon KS, Choi HC, Kim JB, Lee JY. Effect of different parities on reproductive performance, birth intervals, and tail behavior in sows. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 61:147-153. [PMID: 31333871 PMCID: PMC6582923 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2019.61.3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A goal for swine farming is the improvement in the number of live-born and weaned
piglets per sow. Hence, the effect of parities should consider
the correlation between the component traits of reproductive performance,
weaning, and duration. Sows were housed in farrowing pens (W 2.2 × D 1.8
× H 1.2 m) on a partially slatted plastic floor. Twenty sows used in this
study were between the first and sixth parity in gilts (P1), parity 2–5
(P3), and parity 6–9 (P6). Data collection by parity was classified into
three categories: (1) reproduction performance (gestation length, total number
of piglets born, number of piglets live born, number of piglets stillborn, total
piglet birth weight; (2) weaning traits (weaning period, number of piglets
weaning, total piglets weaning weight); (3) duration traits (farrowing duration,
placenta expulsion duration, time from last piglet to first placenta, average
birth interval, and tail wagging behavior). Gestation length was higher in P6
than P1 and P3 of different parity sows. The maximum value in P1 and P3 was 117
days, but the median value in P6 was 117 days (p <
0.05). The total number of piglets born (p = 0.113),
number of piglets live born (p = 0.118), number of still
piglets born (p = 0.151), and total piglet birth weight
(p = 0.117) were not affected by parity. The number
of live piglets was higher than the other parities by an average of 15.6
± 2.1 in P1. The duration of farrowing was the lowest at 22.2 min in P6,
but the maximum value was 42.2 min more than other parities (p
= 0.355). Weaning traits of sows also did not differ significantly
(p > 0.05), but the weaning period from P1 was lower
than that of the other parities (p = 0.170). The number
of piglets weaned was 10 heads on average in P1, P3, and P6 (p
< 0.05). However, the mean values of the total piglet weaning weight
(p = 0.377) of P6 (62.0 10.4 kg) were higher than
those of P1 (54.9 10.2 kg) and P3 (58.4 13.6 kg). The placenta expulsion
duration was higher in P6 than that in P1 and P3 (p =
0.447). The time from the last piglet to first placenta was be lower in P3 than
that of the other parities (p = 0.206). The average
birth interval was higher in P3 than that of the other parities
(p = 0.156). Tail wagging (count) behavior was
higher in P6 than in the other parities (p = 0.065). The
data showed that the reproduction performance, total piglets born, and weight
were higher in the gilts group, and higher in the weaning trait than that in the
P6 group. This study examined the relationship between reproductive performance,
birth interval and tail motion according to sow parity. Regarding duration,
farrowing duration was lower in P6 than that in the other parities, but placenta
expulsion and tail wagging were higher in P6 than in the other parities.
Therefore, it is possible that the results from these sows could be used as
basic data for effective farm management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Young Yang
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Jeon
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Kyeong Seok Kwon
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Hee Chul Choi
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Jong Bok Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Jun Yeob Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
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