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Ojo OE, Hajek L, Johanns S, Pacífico C, Sener-Aydemir A, Ricci S, Rivera-Chacon R, Castillo-Lopez E, Reisinger N, Zebeli Q, Kreuzer-Redmer S. Evaluation of circulating microRNA profiles in blood as potential candidate biomarkers in a subacute ruminal acidosis cow model - a pilot study. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:333. [PMID: 37328742 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a metabolic disorder often observed in high-yielding dairy cows, that are fed diets high in concentrates. We hypothesized that circulating miRNAs in blood of cows could serve as potential candidate biomarkers to detect animals with metabolic dysbalances such as SARA. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs, serving as regulators of a plethora of molecular processes. To test our hypothesis, we performed a pilot study with non-lactating Holstein-Friesian cows fed a forage diet (FD; 0% concentrate, n = 4) or a high-grain diet (HG; 65% concentrate, n = 4) to induce SARA. Comprehensive profiling of miRNA expression in plasma and leucocytes were performed by next generation sequencing (NGS). The success of our model to induce SARA was evaluated based on ruminal pH and was evidenced by increased time spent with a pH threshold of 5.8 for an average period of 320 min/d. RESULTS A total of 520 and 730 miRNAs were found in plasma and leucocytes, respectively. From these, 498 miRNAs were shared by both plasma and leucocytes, with 22 miRNAs expressed exclusively in plasma and 232 miRNAs expressed exclusively in leucocytes. Differential expression analysis revealed 10 miRNAs that were up-regulated and 2 that were down-regulated in plasma of cows when fed the HG diet. A total of 63 circulating miRNAs were detected exclusively in the plasma of cows with SARA, indicating that these animals exhibited a higher number and diversity of circulating miRNAs. Considering the total read counts of miRNAs expressed when fed the HG diet, differentially expressed miRNAs ( log2 fold change) and known function, we have identified bta-miR-11982, bta-miR-1388-5p, bta-miR-12034, bta-miR-2285u, and bta-miR-30b-3p as potential candidates for SARA-biomarker in cows by NGS. These were further subjected to validation using small RNA RT-qPCR, confirming the promising role of bta-miR-30b-3p and bta-miR-2285. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that dietary change impacts the release and expression of miRNAs in systemic circulation, which may modulate post-transcriptional gene expression in cows undergoing SARA. Particularly, bta-miR-30b-3p and bta-miR-2285 might serve as promising candidate biomarker predictive for SARA and should be further validated in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- O E Ojo
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Nutrigenomics Unit, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Hajek
- Nutrigenomics Unit, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Johanns
- Nutrigenomics Unit, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Pacífico
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Biome Diagnostics GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Sener-Aydemir
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Ricci
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Rivera-Chacon
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Castillo-Lopez
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Reisinger
- DSM, BIOMIN Research Center, Tulln an Der Donau, Austria
| | - Q Zebeli
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Kreuzer-Redmer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Nutrigenomics Unit, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Niwińska B, Semik-Gurgul E, Furgał-Dierżuk I, Śliwiński B, Wieczorek J. Impact of feeding management strategy on overall weight gain, growth dynamics of selected organs and growth rate and development of the mammary gland in Preweaned heifers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Xu W, Kenéz Á, Mann S, Overton TR, Wakshlag JJ, Nydam DV, Feng T, Yepes FL. Effects of dietary branched-chain amino acid supplementation on serum and milk metabolome profiles in dairy cows during early lactation. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:8497-8508. [PMID: 35965128 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The 3 branched-chain AA (BCAA), Val, Leu, and Ile, are essential AA used by tissues as substrates for protein synthesis and energy generation. In addition, BCAA are also involved in modulating cell signaling pathways, such as nutrient sensing and insulin signaling. In our previous study, dietary BCAA supplementation was shown to improve protein synthesis and glucose homeostasis in transition cows. However, a more detailed understanding of the changes in metabolic pathways associated with an increased BCAA availability is desired to fine-tune nutritional supplementation strategies. Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 20) were enrolled 28 d before expected calving and assigned to either the BCAA treatment (n = 10) or the control group (n = 10). Cows assigned to BCAA were fed 550 g/d of rumen-protected BCAA mixed with 200 g/d of dry molasses from calving until 35 DIM, whereas the cows assigned to the control were fed only 200 g/d of dry molasses. Serum samples were collected on d 10 before expected calving, as well as on d 4 and d 21 postpartum. Milk samples were collected on d 14 postpartum. From a larger cohort, we selected 20 BCAA-supplemented cows with the greatest plasma urea nitrogen concentration, as an indicator for greater BCAA availability, for the metabolomics analysis herein. Serum and milk samples were subjected to a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based assay, detecting and measuring the abundance of 241 serum and 211 milk metabolic features, respectively. Multivariable statistical analyses revealed that BCAA supplementation altered the metabolome profiles of both serum and milk samples. Increased abundance of serum phosphocholine and glutathione and of milk Val, Ile, and Leu, and decreased abundance of milk acyl-carnitines were associated with BCAA supplementation. Altered phosphocholine and glutathione abundances point to altered hepatic choline metabolism and antioxidant balance, respectively. Altered milk acyl-carnitine abundances suggest changes in mammary fatty acid metabolism. Dietary BCAA supplementation was associated with a range of alterations in serum and milk metabolome profiles, adding to our understanding of the role of BCAA availability in modulating dairy cow protein, lipid, and energy metabolism on a whole-body level and how it affects milk composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Ákos Kenéz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Sabine Mann
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Thomas R Overton
- Department of Animal Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Joseph J Wakshlag
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Daryl V Nydam
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Tao Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Francisco Leal Yepes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6610.
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Taylor EN, Han J, Fan C, Beckmann M, Hewinson G, Rooke D, Koets AP, Mur LAJ. Defining Fatty Acid Changes Linked to Rumen Development, Weaning and Growth in Holstein-Friesian Heifers. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050374. [PMID: 35629878 PMCID: PMC9143779 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
After birth, as effectively monogastric animals, calves undergo substantial physiological changes to become ruminants by 3 months of age and reach sexual maturity at approximately 15 months of age. Herein, we assess longitudinal metabolomic changes in Holstein-Friesian (HF) heifers from birth until sexual maturity during this developmental process. Sera from 20 healthy, HF heifers were sampled biweekly from 2 weeks of age until 13 months of age and then monthly until 19 months of age. Sera were assessed using flow infusion electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry (FIE-HRMS) on a Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer for high-throughput, sensitive, non-targeted metabolite fingerprinting. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) of the derived metabolomes indicated changes detectable in heifers’ sera over time. Time series analyses identified 30 metabolites that could be related to rumen development and weaning at ~3 months of age. Further time series analysis identified 40 metabolites that could be correlated with growth. These findings highlight the role of acetic acid and 3-phenylpropionate (3-PP) in rumen development and growth, suggest that weaning induces elevated levels of fatty acyls in response to a post-weaning stress-induced innate immune response and demonstrate the utilization of fatty acyls in growth. The identified metabolites offer serum metabolites which could inform the nutrition and healthy development of heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma N. Taylor
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (E.N.T.); (M.B.); (G.H.)
| | - Jiwan Han
- College of Software, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu District, Jinzhong 030810, China; (J.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Congying Fan
- College of Software, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu District, Jinzhong 030810, China; (J.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Manfred Beckmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (E.N.T.); (M.B.); (G.H.)
| | - Glyn Hewinson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (E.N.T.); (M.B.); (G.H.)
- Centre of Excellence for Bovine Tuberculosis, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK
| | | | - Ad P. Koets
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
- Population Health Systems, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (A.P.K.); (L.A.J.M.)
| | - Luis A. J. Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (E.N.T.); (M.B.); (G.H.)
- College of Software, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu District, Jinzhong 030810, China; (J.H.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.K.); (L.A.J.M.)
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Abdelrahman M, Wang W, Shaukat A, Kulyar MFEA, Lv H, Abulaiti A, Yao Z, Ahmad MJ, Liang A, Yang L. Nutritional Modulation, Gut, and Omics Crosstalk in Ruminants. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12080997. [PMID: 35454245 PMCID: PMC9029867 DOI: 10.3390/ani12080997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Over the last decade, animal nutrition science has been significantly developed, supported by the great advancements in molecular technologies. For scientists, the present "feedomics and nutrigenomics" era continues to evolve and shape how research is designed, performed, and understood. The new omics interpretations have established a new point of view for the nutrition–gene interaction, integrating more comprehensive findings from animal physiology, molecular genetics, and biochemistry. In the ruminant model, this modern approach addresses rumen microbes as a critical intermediate that can deepen the studies of diet–gut interaction with host genomics. The present review discusses nutrigenomics’ and feedomics’ potential contribution to diminishing the knowledge gap about the DNA cellular activities of different nutrients. It also presents how nutritional management can influence the epigenetic pathway, considering the production type, life stage, and species for more sustainable ruminant nutrition strategies. Abstract Ruminant nutrition has significantly revolutionized a new and prodigious molecular approach in livestock sciences over the last decade. Wide-spectrum advances in DNA and RNA technologies and analysis have produced a wealth of data that have shifted the research threshold scheme to a more affluent level. Recently, the published literature has pointed out the nutrient roles in different cellular genomic alterations among different ruminant species, besides the interactions with other factors, such as age, type, and breed. Additionally, it has addressed rumen microbes within the gut health and productivity context, which has made interpreting homogenous evidence more complicated. As a more systematic approach, nutrigenomics can identify how genomics interacts with nutrition and other variables linked to animal performance. Such findings should contribute to crystallizing powerful interpretations correlating feeding management with ruminant production and health through genomics. This review will present a road-mapping discussion of promising trends in ruminant nutrigenomics as a reference for phenotype expression through multi-level omics changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdelrahman
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (W.W.); (A.S.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.); (M.J.A.); (A.L.)
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assuit University, Asyut 71515, Egypt
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (W.W.); (A.S.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.); (M.J.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Aftab Shaukat
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (W.W.); (A.S.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.); (M.J.A.); (A.L.)
| | | | - Haimiao Lv
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (W.W.); (A.S.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.); (M.J.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Adili Abulaiti
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (W.W.); (A.S.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.); (M.J.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Zhiqiu Yao
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (W.W.); (A.S.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.); (M.J.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Muhammad Jamil Ahmad
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (W.W.); (A.S.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.); (M.J.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Aixin Liang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (W.W.); (A.S.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.); (M.J.A.); (A.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (W.W.); (A.S.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.); (M.J.A.); (A.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-7105-6592
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Long Intergenic Non-Coding RNAs in the Mammary Parenchyma and Fat Pad of Pre-Weaning Heifer Calves: Identification and Functional Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051268. [PMID: 33924848 PMCID: PMC8145500 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced plane of nutrition at pre-weaning stage can promote the development of mammary gland especially heifer calves. Although several genes are involved in this process, long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are regarded as key regulators in the regulated network and are still largely unknown. We identified and characterized 534 putative lincRNAs based on the published RNA-seq data, including heifer calves in two groups: fed enhanced milk replacer (EH, 1.13 kg/day, including 28% crude protein, 25% fat) group and fed restricted milk replacer (R, 0.45 kg/day, including 20% crude protein, 20% fat) group. Sub-samples from the mammary parenchyma (PAR) and mammary fat pad (MFP) were harvested from heifer calves. According to the information of these lincRNAs' quantitative trait loci (QTLs), the neighboring and co-expression genes were used to predict their function. By comparing EH vs R, 79 lincRNAs (61 upregulated, 18 downregulated) and 86 lincRNAs (54 upregulated, 32 downregulated) were differentially expressed in MFP and PAR, respectively. In MFP, some differentially expressed lincRNAs (DELs) are involved in lipid metabolism pathways, while, in PAR, among of DELs are involved in cell proliferation pathways. Taken together, this study explored the potential regulatory mechanism of lincRNAs in the mammary gland development of calves under different planes of nutrition.
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Molenaar AJ, Maclean PH, Gilmour ML, Draganova IG, Symes CW, Margerison JK, McMahon CD. Effect of whole-milk allowance on liveweight gain and growth of parenchyma and fat pads in the mammary glands of dairy heifers at weaning. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:5061-5069. [PMID: 32229126 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The rates of development of 2 tissues in mammary glands, parenchyma (PAR) and the mammary fat pad (MFP), in response to nutrition in early life might have a major bearing on lifetime milk production. Historical studies reported that feeding greater amounts of dietary nutrients from postweaning to puberty increased growth rates of heifers and stimulated the growth of MFP at the expense of PAR, which might suggest compromised mammary development and future milk production. The current study sought to determine if a higher volume of whole milk (8 vs. 4 L/d) offered to calves would increase rates of growth and development of PAR in mammary glands at weaning (1 to 12 wk). To measure these tissues, we developed 2 simple methods to assess the size of PAR and MFP at the time of screening using ultrasound. We report that calves offered 8 L/d of whole milk had greater rates of growth until weaning (0.86 ± 0.06 vs. 0.81 ± 0.09 kg/d), compared with calves offered 4 L/d. Ultrasonography showed that despite the faster rates of growth in calves offered 8 L/d of milk/d, the ratio of PAR:MFP depth was 40% less at weaning in the front glands (34%) compared with calves offered 4 L of milk/d. Rear glands were less impaired. The ultrasound methods developed here might be useful to monitor the development of mammary glands in response to different nutritional regimens during the preweaning period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Molenaar
- AgResearch Ltd., Grassland Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - P H Maclean
- AgResearch Ltd., Grassland Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - M L Gilmour
- Mark Gilmour Consulting Ltd., 443 Tutaenui Road, Marton 4788, New Zealand
| | - I G Draganova
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - C W Symes
- Catalyst Ltd., Christchurch, New Zealand 8245.
| | - J K Margerison
- School of Bioscience, Division of Animal Science, University of Nottingham, Nr Loughborough, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - C D McMahon
- ManukaMed LP, Ruakura Research Centre, 10 Bisley Rd, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
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Bonadeo N, Becu-Villalobos D, Cristina C, Lacau-Mengido IM. The Notch system during pubertal development of the bovine mammary gland. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8899. [PMID: 31222104 PMCID: PMC6586787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the mammary gland of cows during pre-weaning and puberty will condition its future productive capacity and warrants special study. In this respect, Notch signaling regulates tissue development and fate by modifying cell proliferation and differentiation and has been involved in stem cell maintenance, but has not been extensively studied in the developing mammary glands in cows. We therefore investigated Notch receptor expression and localization, as well as the expression of Notch ligands and target genes in the mammary gland of Holstein heifers in pre- and post-pubertal stages. Notch receptors 1 to 4 were detected by immunohistochemistry in the parenchyma and stroma of the developing gland. The subcellular localization of the four receptors was predominantly cytoplasmic except for NOTCH4, which was mostly nuclear. The membrane and the active intracellular domains of NOTCH paralogues were identified by western blot. NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 active domains increased during pubertal stages while NOTCH3 and NOTCH4 active domains decreased, suggesting strikingly different involvement of NOTCH paralogues in bovine mammary gland development and differentiation. The mRNA expression levels of the target genes HEY1 and HEY2 increased during peri-puberty whereas no variation of HES1 mRNA levels was observed. The mRNA levels of the Notch ligands JAGGED1 and DELTA1 also increased gradually during development. In conclusion, Notch signaling system dynamically varies throughout the development of the mammary gland during puberty pointing to specific time involvement of each component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bonadeo
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Monteagudo 2772, Pergamino 2700, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damasia Becu-Villalobos
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | - Carolina Cristina
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Monteagudo 2772, Pergamino 2700, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabel M Lacau-Mengido
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina.
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