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Wang S, Zhang B, Mauck J, Loor JJ, Fan W, Tian Y, Yang T, Chang Y, Xie M, Aernouts B, Yang W, Xu C. Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT) isoforms play a role in peridroplet mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism in bovine liver. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00897-X. [PMID: 38851581 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular lipid accumulation characterizes fatty liver in dairy cows. Lipid droplets (LD), specialized organelles that store lipids and maintain cellular lipid homeostasis, are responsible for the ectopic storage of lipids associated with several metabolic disorders. In recent years, non-ruminant studies have reported that LD-mitochondria interactions play an important role in lipid metabolism. Due to the role of diacylglycerol acyltransferase isoforms (DGAT1 and DGAT2) in LD synthesis, we explored mechanisms of mitochondrial fatty acid transport in ketotic cows using liver biopsies and isolated primary hepatocytes. Compared with healthy cows, cows with fatty liver had massive accumulation of LD and high protein expression of the triglyceride (TAG) synthesis-related enzymes DGAT1 and DGAT2, LD synthesis-related proteins perilipin 2 (PLIN2) and perilipin 5 (PLIN5), and the mitochondrial fragmentation-related proteins dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and fission 1 (FIS1). In contrast, factors associated with fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrial electron transport chain complex were lower compared with those in the healthy cows. In addition, transmission electron microscopy revealed significant contacts between LD-mitochondria in liver tissue from cows with fatty liver. Compared with isolated cytoplasmic mitochondria, expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) and DRP1 was lower, but mitofusin 2 (MFN2) and mitochondrial electron transport chain complex was greater in isolated peridroplet mitochondria from hepatic tissue of cows with fatty liver. In vitro data indicated that exogenous free fatty acids (FFA) induced hepatocyte LD synthesis and mitochondrial dynamics consistent with in vivo results. Furthermore, DGAT2 inhibitor treatment attenuated the FFA-induced upregulation of PLIN2 and PLIN5 and rescued the impairment of mitochondrial dynamics. Inhibition of DGAT2 also restored mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced hepatocyte reactive oxygen species production. The present in vivo and in vitro results indicated there are functional differences among different types of mitochondria in the liver tissue of dairy cows with ketosis. Activity of DGAT2 may play a key role in maintaining liver mitochondrial function and lipid homeostasis in dairy cows during the transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - John Mauck
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - Wenwen Fan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Tianjiao Yang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yaqi Chang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Meng Xie
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Ben Aernouts
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Biosystems Technology Cluster, Campus Geel, Kleinhoefstraat 4, 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - Wei Yang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
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Yang W, Tian Y, Yang M, Mauck J, Loor JJ, Jia B, Wang S, Fan W, Li Z, Zhang B, Xu C. β-sitosterol alleviates high fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation in calf hepatocytes by regulating cholesterol metabolism. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 243:106543. [PMID: 38740074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
A significant reduction in plasma concentration of cholesterol during early lactation is a common occurrence in high-yielding dairy cows. An insufficient synthesis of cholesterol in the liver has been linked to lipid accumulation caused by high concentrations of fatty acids during negative energy balance (NEB). As ruminant diets do not provide quantitative amounts of cholesterol for absorption, phytosterols such as β-sitosterol may serve to mitigate the shortfall in cholesterol within the liver during NEB. To gain mechanistic insights, primary hepatocytes were isolated from healthy female 1-day old calves for in vitro studies with or without 1.2 mM fatty acids (FA) to induce metabolic stress. Furthermore, hepatocytes were treated with 50 μM β-sitosterol with or without FA. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with subsequent Bonferroni correction. Results revealed that calf hepatocytes treated with FA had greater content of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and triacylglycerol (TAG), and greater mRNA and protein abundance of the lipid synthesis-related SREBF1 and FASN. In contrast, mRNA and protein of CPT1A (fatty acid oxidation) and the cholesterol metabolism-related targets SREBF2, HMGCR, ACAT2, APOA1, ABCA1 and ABCG5 was lower. Content of the antioxidant-related glutathione (GSH) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) also was lower. Compared with FA challenge alone, 50 μM β-sitosterol led to greater mRNA and protein abundance of SREBF2, HMGCR, ACAT2 and ABCG5, and greater content of GSH and activity of SOD. In contrast, compared with the FA group, the mRNA and protein abundance of SREBF1 and ACC1 and the content of TAG and NEFA in the β-sitosterol + FA group were lower. Overall, β-sitosterol can promote cholesterol metabolism and reduce oxidative stress while reducing lipid accumulation in hepatocytes challenged with high concentrations of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yan Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Mingmao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - John Mauck
- Mammalian Nutri Physio Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian Nutri Physio Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Bin Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 163005, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Wenwen Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhendong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Andres S, Bartling B, Stiensmeier V, Starke A, Schmicke M. Comparative cryopreservation of bovine and porcine primary hepatocytes. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1211135. [PMID: 37614462 PMCID: PMC10442649 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1211135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolation of primary hepatocytes from liver tissue of farm animals yields a very high number of cells, and a part of them can be stored by cryopreservation for future experiments. As no experience exists with the cryopreservation of hepatocytes from cattle, our study aimed at the cryopreservation of bovine hepatocytes by use of different protocols compared with the cryopreservation of hepatocytes from pig. We tested different freezing media (William's Medium E vs. University of Wisconsin solution), cryoprotectants (dimethyl sulfoxide with vs. without trehalose as additional additive), freezing systems (standard freezing container vs. controlled-rate freezer) and freezing times (4 vs. 28 d). These tests identified a general influence of species and freezing systems, whereas the influence of freezing media, trehalose additive and freezing time was less or not obvious. In this regard, we determined a mean recovery of 30% of bovine hepatocytes and 55% of porcine hepatocytes cryopreserved in a controlled-rate freezer, whereas the rates were about 10% less when hepatocytes were frozen in a standard freezing container. In accordance with this observation, the cultivation of cryopreserved hepatocytes from cattle was less effective than that of porcine hepatocytes. Hepatocytes from cattle can be successfully cryopreserved and partially cultured after cryopreservation but with lower percentage than porcine hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Andres
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Animal Health Management, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Babett Bartling
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Animal Health Management, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Vera Stiensmeier
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Animal Health Management, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexander Starke
- Department for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marion Schmicke
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Animal Health Management, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Clinic for Cattle, Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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Yang W, Yang M, Tian Y, Jiang Q, Loor JJ, Cao J, Wang S, Gao C, Fan W, Zhang B, Xu C. Effect of Myricetin on Lipid Metabolism in Primary Calf Hepatocytes Challenged with Long-Chain Fatty Acids. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111071. [PMID: 36355155 PMCID: PMC9698477 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation and oxidative damage in hepatocytes induced by high circulating concentrations of fatty acids (FA) are common after calving. In order to clarify the role of myricetin on lipid metabolism in hepatocytes when FA metabolism increases markedly, we performed in vitro analyses using isolated primary calf hepatocytes from three healthy female calves (1 d old, 42 to 48 kg). Two hours prior to an FA challenge (1.2 mM mix), the hepatocytes were treated with 100 μM (M1), 50 μM (M2), or 25 μM (M3) of myricetin. Subsequently, hepatocytes from each donor were challenged with or without FA for 12 h in an attempt to induce metabolic stress. Data from calf hepatocyte treatment comparisons were assessed using two-way repeated-measures (RM) ANOVA with subsequent Bonferroni correction. The data revealed that hepatocytes challenged with FA had greater concentrations of TAG and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), oxidative stress-related MDA and H2O2, and mRNA and protein abundance of lipid synthesis-related SREBF1 and inflammatory-related NF-κB. In addition, the mRNA abundance of the lipid synthesis-related genes FASN, DGAT1, DGAT2, and ACC1; endoplasmic reticulum stress-related GRP79 and PERK; and inflammatory-related TNF-α also were upregulated. In contrast, the activity of antioxidant SOD (p < 0.01) and concentrations of GSH (p < 0.05), and the protein abundance of mitochondrial FA oxidation-related CPT1A, were markedly lower. Compared with FA challenge, 50 and 100 μM myricetin led to lower concentrations of TAG, NEFA, MDA, and H2O2, as well as mRNA and protein abundance of SREBF1, DGAT1, GRP78, and NF-κB. In contrast, the activity of SOD (p < 0.01) and mRNA and protein abundance of CPT1A were markedly greater. Overall, the results suggest that myricetin could enhance the antioxidant capacity and reduce lipotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation. All of these effects can help reduce TAG accumulation in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Mingmao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yan Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Changhong Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Wenwen Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence:
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Testroet E, Choudhary S, Choudhary R, Beitz D, Du M. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and palmitate simulate bovine fatty liver disease in vitro when using abattoir-derived primary bovine hepatocytes isolated by a novel nonperfusion method. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:456-461. [PMID: 36465509 PMCID: PMC9709595 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic lipidosis (i.e., fatty liver) is a common periparturient disease in high-producing dairy cattle affecting nearly 50% of cows to some degree and costing an estimated 60 million dollars annually. Large animal studies are costly, labor intensive, and are not well suited to mechanistic studies. Traditionally, mechanistic studies employ in vitro methodologies, utilizing established cell lines or primary cell culture methods. However, with dairy cattle, established hepatic cell lines do not exist, and methods for primary cell culture studies typically involve complicated procedures that often utilize very young animals (typically bull calves). Several previously published papers have used abattoir-derived tissues as a source of primary cells; however, a simple method utilizing simple culture media has yet to be presented. In addition, we sought to develop a way to replicate the syndrome of fatty liver disease "in a dish" using adult cattle that should more closely represent the physiology of the periparturient dairy cow. Herein we present a non-perfusion-based method that results in robust growth and proliferation of abattoir-derived bovine hepatocytes that demonstrate lipid loading, elevated lactate dehydrogenase leakage, and cytotoxicity as demonstrated by elevated caspase 3/7 expression consistent with in vivo physiology of the periparturient dairy cow with fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.D. Testroet
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington 05446
| | - S. Choudhary
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington 05446
| | - R.K. Choudhary
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington 05446
| | - D.C. Beitz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - M. Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99163
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Stiensmeier V, Schmicke M. Brief Research Report: Effect of Triiodothyronine on Hepatic Growth Hormone Receptor Expression in Primary Bovine Hepatocytes. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:882102. [PMID: 35782551 PMCID: PMC9247500 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.882102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, triiodothyronine (T3) was found to be lower in cows with ketosis and an effect of T3 on Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR) expression is described, e. g., in a human hepatoma cell line. Therefore, this study aimed to test whether T3 affects GHR messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in a well-established bovine hepatocyte model. Hepatocytes were kept in a sandwich culture and stimulated for 6 days with constant (10 μg/ml) or decreasing (from 10 to 5 μg/ml) T3 concentrations, and GHR, as well as IGF-1 mRNA expression, was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We could confirm in vitro that T3 has a stimulatory effect on GHR1A mRNA expression.
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Yang W, Wang S, Loor JJ, Jiang Q, Gao C, Yang M, Tian Y, Fan W, Zhao Y, Zhang B, Xu C. Role of sortilin 1 (SORT1) on lipid metabolism in bovine liver. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:5420-5434. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Endriß KJ, Meyerholz MM, Fischbach T, Brimmers L, Pfarrer C, Marth CD, Schmicke M. In vitro effects of Type I interferons (IFNτ and IFNα) on bovine hepatocytes cultured with or without Kupffer cells. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:305-317. [PMID: 33573713 DOI: 10.1071/rd20278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In cattle, maternal recognition of early pregnancy depends on the effects of the embryonic signal interferon (IFN)-τ. IFN-stimulated genes have been upregulated in the maternal liver during early pregnancy. In this study, primary hepatocyte cell culture models were evaluated for their suitability to test Type I IFN effects invitro. The expression of target genes (interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG-15), interferon-induced GTP-binding protein (MX-1), C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL-10), CXCL-5, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2)) was measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in hepatocytes from monoculture or in indirect coculture with Kupffer cells (HKCid) on Days 1, 2, 3 and 4 of culture (n=21 donor cows). Gene expression was also measured on Day 4 after challenging the cultures with recombinant IFNτ, IFNα, progesterone (P4), IFNτ+IFNα or IFNτ+P4 for 6h. A significant increase in the mRNA expression of target genes in hepatocytes was shown in response to stimulation with IFNτ. The Kupffer cells in coculture did not influence the effects of IFNτ in hepatocytes. In conclusion, primary bovine hepatocyte cultures are suitable for stimulation experiments with Type I IFNs and as an extrauterine model for embryo-maternal communication. The proposed endocrine action of IFNτ in the liver may affect maternal metabolism and immune function in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Josef Endriß
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Clinic for Cattle, Endocrinology, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30539 Hanover, Germany
| | - Marie Margarete Meyerholz
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Sonnenstraße 16, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Teresa Fischbach
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Clinic for Cattle, Endocrinology, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30539 Hanover, Germany
| | - Lutz Brimmers
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Clinic for Cattle, Endocrinology, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30539 Hanover, Germany
| | - Christiane Pfarrer
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Anatomy, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30539 Hanover, Germany
| | - Christina Deborah Marth
- Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Vic. 3030, Australia
| | - Marion Schmicke
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Clinic for Cattle, Endocrinology, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30539 Hanover, Germany; and Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Animal Health Management, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 11, 06120 Halle, Germany; and Corresponding author.
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Grünberg W, Witte S, Cohrs I, Golbeck L, Brouwers JF, Müller AE, Schmicke M. Liver phosphorus content and liver function in states of phosphorus deficiency in transition dairy cows. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219546. [PMID: 31329617 PMCID: PMC6645509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) deficiency in early lactating dairy cows is receiving increased attention because of incentives aiming at curtailing environmental pollution with P by reducing dietary P in ruminant diets. An in-vitro study using bovine hepatocytes incubated for 7 days with phosphate (Pi) concentrations of 0.9, 1.8 or 2.7 mmol/L, and an in-vivo study feeding late pregnant dairy cows diets with either adequate (0.28% and 0.44% in DM ante-partum and post-partum respectively) or low P content (0.15% and 0.20% in DM ante-partum and post-partum respectively) from 4 weeks before to 4 weeks after calving were conducted to explore effects of P deprivation on liver function. In vitro the relative abundance of mRNA of key enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism in incubated hepatocytes and liver metabolites in culture medium were determined. In vivo health and productivity of experimental cows on low and adequate dietary P supply were monitored, and liver tissue and blood samples were obtained repeatedly. Liver tissue was assayed for its triacylglycerol-, mineral and water content as well as for the relative abundance of mRNA of enzymes of the carbohydrate-, fat- and protein metabolism. Reduced Pi-availability was not associated with altered enzyme transcription rates or metabolic activity in-vitro. The most prominent clinical finding associated with P deprivation in-vivo was feed intake depression developing after the first week of lactation. Accordingly cows on low P diets had lower milk yield and showed more pronounced increases in liver triacylglycerol after calving. Although the liver P content decreased in P deficient cows, neither negative effects on enzyme transcription rates nor on blood parameters indicative of impaired liver metabolic activity or liver injury were identified. These results indicate the P deprivation only indirectly affects the liver through exacerbation of the negative energy balance occurring as P deficient cows become anorectic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Grünberg
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany.,Dept. Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Witte
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Imke Cohrs
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Lennart Golbeck
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jos F Brouwers
- Dept. Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Schmicke
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
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