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de Melo Junior RD, Azeredo Bastos TS, Heller LM, Couto LFM, Zapa DMB, de Assis Cavalcante AS, Cruvinel LB, Nicaretta JE, Iuasse HV, Ferreira LL, Soares VE, de Souza GRL, Cadioli FA, Lopes WDZ. How many cattle can be infected by Trypanosoma vivax by reusing the same needle and syringe, and what is the viability time of this protozoan in injectable veterinary products? Parasitology 2022; 149:270-282. [PMID: 35234599 PMCID: PMC11010538 DOI: 10.1017/s003118202100175x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
It was investigated how many cattle become infected with Trypanosoma vivax by subcutaneous (SC), intramuscular (IM) and intravenous (IV) routes, using the same syringe and needle from an animal with acute T. vivax infection. Besides, the T. vivax viability in 109 injectable veterinary drugs (antibiotics, antiparasitics, reproductive hormones, vitamin complex and derivatives, vaccines, anaesthetics, anti-inflammatory/antipyretics, antitoxics). In the field assay, four groups were performed: T01, T02 and T03 animals that received saline solution with the same syringe and needle contaminated with T. vivax via SC, IM and IV routes, respectively, and T04 control animals that received only saline solution with the same syringe and needle IV. In the laboratory, drugs had their pH measured and T. vivax viability verified. The number of cattle infected with T. vivax via SC (3/20) was lower (P ≤ 0.05) compared to via IM (9/20), which was lower (P ≤ 0.05) compared to IV (15/20). The solution pH did not influence T. vivax viability. In 44% (48/109) of the products, T. vivax remained viable regardless of time, stooding out that in 100% of oxytocins the protozoan was verified, at some evaluation times. The mean of T. vivax quantified in foot-and-mouth and brucellosis vaccines and in doramectin-based products were higher (P ≤ 0.05) than found in blood + saline solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luciana Maffini Heller
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - João Eduardo Nicaretta
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Haryie Victória Iuasse
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lorena Lopes Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabiano Antônio Cadioli
- Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista – Unesp, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Ketchum JN, Bonacker RC, Andersen CM, Smith EG, Stoecklein KS, Spinka CM, Thomas JM. Evaluation of later timepoints for split-time artificial insemination when using sex-sorted semen among beef heifers following the 14-d CIDR®-PG protocol. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 224:106649. [PMID: 33302141 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was designed to evaluate later timepoints for Split-Time AI (STAI), with the hypothesis that delaying AI may improve estrous response and pregnancy per AI when using sex-sorted semen. Timing of estrus was synchronized among 794 heifers using the 14-d CIDR®-PG protocol (1.38 g progesterone intravaginal insert from Day 0-14, followed by 25 mg dinoprost tromethamine on Day 30) with STAI performed based on estrous status. Heifers were blocked based on breed, source, sire, reproductive tract score (RTS), and BW and assigned within block to one of two approaches. In Approach 66, heifers that were estrual by 66 h after PG administration were inseminated at 66 h, and remaining heifers were inseminated 24 h later (90 h). In Approach 72, heifers that were estrual by 72 h were inseminated at 72 h, and remaining heifers were inseminated 24 h later (96 h). With both approaches, heifers that were non-estrual by the final timepoint were administered 100 μg gonadorelin acetate (GnRH). Within approach, heifers were pre-assigned to receive SexedULTRA 4M™ sex-sorted or conventional semen. The proportion of heifers estrual by the first timepoint was greater (P < 0.0001) with Approach 72 (76 %; 302/395) compared to Approach 66 (61 %; 242/399). The proportion of heifers pregnant as a result of AI differed (P = 0.0005) by semen type (59 % [240/404] for conventional compared with 48 % [187/390] for sex-sorted) but was not affected by approach or approach × semen type. In summary, pregnancy per AI of heifers receiving sex-sorted or conventional semen following the 14-d CIDR®-PG protocol did not differ when STAI was delayed 6 h. The proportion of estrual heifers prior to the first timepoint, however, was greater with later STAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Ketchum
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - R C Bonacker
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - C M Andersen
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - E G Smith
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - K S Stoecklein
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - C M Spinka
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - J M Thomas
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
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