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Priyo TW, Edo A, Taura Y, Yamato O, Ono T, Taniguchi M, Widodo OS, Islam MS, Maki S, Takagi M. Novel Approach for Evaluating Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein and Inflammation Markers during the Postpartum Period in Holstein Friesian Cows. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1459. [PMID: 38791678 PMCID: PMC11117242 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the relationship between decreased pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) levels, inflammatory parameters (serum amyloid A [SAA] and milk amyloid A [MAA]), postpartum inflammatory conditions (mastitis, ketosis, and follicular cysts), and the FOXP3 gene. Nineteen Holstein-Friesian cows were included in this study. Up to approximately eight weeks after delivery, weekly health examinations were performed for mastitis and ketosis, and reproductive organ ultrasonography was performed. The decreasing PAG rate was negatively correlated with SAA concentration (r = -0.493, p = 0.032). Cows with mastitis exhibited a slower trend of PAG decrease (p = 0.095), and a greater percentage of these cows had MAA concentrations above 12 µg/mL (p = 0.074) compared with those without mastitis. A negative correlation, although nonsignificant (r = -0.263, p = 0.385), was observed between the day-open period and decreased PAG rate. The day-open period was correlated with the presence or absence of follicular cysts (p = 0.046). Four cows that developed follicular cysts were homozygous for the G allele of the FOXP3 gene related to repeat breeders. These results indicate a relationship between a decreased PAG rate and inflammatory status during the postpartum period. Thus, suppressing inflammation during the perinatal period may improve reproductive efficiency in the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Topas Wicaksono Priyo
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan; (T.W.P.J.); (M.T.); (O.S.W.)
- Department of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Ayane Edo
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan; (A.E.); (Y.T.); (T.O.)
| | - Yasuho Taura
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan; (A.E.); (Y.T.); (T.O.)
| | - Osamu Yamato
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (O.Y.); (M.S.I.); (S.M.)
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Tetsushi Ono
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan; (A.E.); (Y.T.); (T.O.)
| | - Masayasu Taniguchi
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan; (T.W.P.J.); (M.T.); (O.S.W.)
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan; (A.E.); (Y.T.); (T.O.)
| | - Oky Setyo Widodo
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan; (T.W.P.J.); (M.T.); (O.S.W.)
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Md Shafiqul Islam
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (O.Y.); (M.S.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Shinichiro Maki
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (O.Y.); (M.S.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Mitsuhiro Takagi
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan; (T.W.P.J.); (M.T.); (O.S.W.)
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan; (A.E.); (Y.T.); (T.O.)
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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Várhidi Z, Csikó G, Bajcsy ÁC, Jurkovich V. Uterine Disease in Dairy Cows: A Comprehensive Review Highlighting New Research Areas. Vet Sci 2024; 11:66. [PMID: 38393084 PMCID: PMC10893454 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Uterine disease is an intensely studied part of dairy cattle health management as it heavily affects many commercial dairy farms and has serious economic consequences. Forms of the disease, pathophysiology, pathogens involved and the effects of uterine disease on the health and performance of cows have already been well described by various authors. Lately, researchers' attention has shifted towards the healthy microbiome of the uterus and the vagina to put emphasis on prevention rather than treatment. This aligns with the growing demand to reduce the use of antibiotics or-whenever possible-replace them with alternative treatment options in farm animal medicine. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the last 20 years of uterine disease research and highlights promising new areas for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsóka Várhidi
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Mobile Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Csikó
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Árpád Csaba Bajcsy
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Viktor Jurkovich
- Centre for Animal Welfare, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
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Wang L, He J, Wu L, Wu X, Hao B, Wang S, Cui D. Acute and 28-Day Repeated-Dose Oral Toxicity of the Herbal Formula Guixiong Yimu San in Mice and Sprague-Dawley Rats. Vet Sci 2023; 10:615. [PMID: 37888567 PMCID: PMC10610608 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the acute and chronic 28-day repeated-dose oral toxicity of Guixiong Yimu San (GYS) in mice and rats, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the stachydrine hydrochloride in GYS as the quality control. In the acute toxicity trial, the mice were administered orally at a dose rate of 30.0 g GYS/kg body weight (BW) three times a day. The general behavior, side effects, and death rate were noticed for 14 days following treatment. In the subacute toxicity trial, the rats were administered orally at a dose rates of30.0, 15.0, and 7.5 g GYS/kg BW once a day for 28 days. The rats were monitored every day for clinical signs and deaths; changes in body weight and relative organ weights (ROW) were recorded every week, hematological, biochemical, and pathological parameters were also examined at the end of treatment. The results showed that the level of stachydrine hydrochloride in GYS was 2.272 mg/g. In the acute toxicity trial, the maximum-tolerated dose of GYS was more than 90.0 g/kg BW, and no adverse effects or mortalities were noticed during the 14 days in the mice. At the given dose, there were no death or toxicity signs all through the 28-day subacute toxicity trial.The oral administration of GYS at a dose rate of 30.0 g/kg/day BW had no substantial effects on BW, ROW, blood hematology, gross pathology, histopathology, and biochemistry (except glucose), so 30.0 g/kg BW/day was determined as the no-observed-adverse-effect dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (L.W.); (J.H.); (L.W.); (B.H.)
| | - Dongan Cui
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (L.W.); (J.H.); (L.W.); (B.H.)
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Crookenden MA, Burke CR, Mitchell MD, Phyn CVC, Roche JR, Heiser A. Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the inflammatory response of bovine endometrial epithelial cells in vitro. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2651-2666. [PMID: 36653292 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic postpartum uterine infection detrimentally affects subsequent fertility. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are used to alleviate pain and treat inflammatory conditions in transition dairy cows with varying success. To screen the efficacy of NSAID in the absence of animal experiments, we have established an in vitro model to study uterine inflammation. Inflammation was induced in cultured bovine endometrial epithelial cells by challenging cells with an inflammation cocktail: lipopolysaccharide and proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Release of the inflammation markers, serum amyloid A (SAA) and α-1-acid glycoprotein (αAGP), was measured by ELISA. Concentration of these markers was used to indicate the effectiveness in dampening inflammation of 5 NSAID: meloxicam, flunixin meglumine, aspirin, ketoprofen, and tolfenamic acid. Three NSAID, meloxicam, flunixin meglumine, and tolfenamic acid, were successful at dampening the release of SAA and αAGP into cell-culture supernatant, and the corresponding treated cells were selected for down-stream mRNA expression analysis. Expression of 192 genes involved in regulation of inflammatory pathways were investigated using Nanostring. Of the genes investigated, 81 were above the mRNA expression-analysis threshold criteria and were included in expression analysis. All SAA genes investigated (SAA2, SAA3, M-SAA3.2) were upregulated in response to the inflammation cocktail, relative to mRNA expression in control cells; however, AGP mRNA expression was below the expression analysis threshold and was, therefore, excluded from analysis. Treatment with NSAID downregulated genes involved in regulating chemokine signaling (e.g., CXCL2, CXCR4, CXCL5, and CXCL16) and genes that regulate the eicosanoid pathway (e.g., LTA4H, PTGS2, PLA2G4A, and PTGDS). Of the 5 NSAID investigated, meloxicam, flunixin meglumine, and tolfenamic acid are recommended for further investigation into treatment of postpartum uterine inflammation. The results from this study confirm the immunomodulatory properties of the endometrial epithelium in response to inflammatory stimuli and suggest that NSAID may be beneficial in alleviating uterine inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Crookenden
- Hopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - C R Burke
- DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - M D Mitchell
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation - Centre for Children's Health Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
| | - C V C Phyn
- DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - J R Roche
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - A Heiser
- Hopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Zhang F, Zhang J, Li J, Yan P, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhuang Y, Zhou J, Deng L, Zhang Z. Effect of VD3 on cell proliferation and the Wnt signaling pathway in bovine endometrial epithelial cells treated with lipopolysaccharide. Theriogenology 2022; 193:68-76. [PMID: 36156426 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) deficiency plays an important role in the occurrence and development of various uterine diseases. At present, most studies on the mechanism of VD in the Wnt signaling pathway focus on cancer, while there are no relevant reports on its mechanism in endometritis. This study investigated the effect of vitamin D3 (VD3) on the Wnt signaling pathway in endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). BEECs obtained from bovine uteri were treated with VD3 (0, 50 ng/mL) and LPS (0, 10, 100 ng/mL) separately or in combination, and treated with the Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor IWR-1 to study the mechanism of action. The proliferation of BEECs was evaluated by a CCK-8 assay. qRT-PCR was used to assess the gene expression of Wnt pathway-related factors, including MYC, PCNA, LGR5, GREM1, β-catenin, FZD7, FZD2, Wnt4 and VDR. The results showed that VD3 had no significant effect on cell proliferation (P > 0.05); LPS inhibited BEEC proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and cells treated with LPS at different concentrations for 24-48 h in combination with VD3 promoted cell proliferation to varying degrees. IWR-1 inhibited cell proliferation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, while LPS + IWR-1 treatment also significantly promoted cell proliferation after VD3 treatment (P < 0.01). The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of Wnt4 and PCNA genes showed different trends with different LPS concentrations for stimulation, and the expression of the MYC and GREM1 genes was only stimulated by high-dose (100 ng/mL) LPS stimulation. The expression of FZD7, LGR5, FZD2 and β-catenin was upregulated by LPS at both concentrations. LPS + VD3 significantly downregulated the expression of the Wnt pathway-related genes MYC, PCNA, LGR5, GREM1 and β-catenin (P < 0.001), Wnt4 and FZD2 (P < 0.01), and significantly upregulated the expression of VDR (P < 0.05). After LPS + IWR-1 treatment, the expression of the β-catenin (P < 0.01) and LGR5 (P < 0.05) genes was significantly downregulated, while the Wnt4 (P < 0.01) and VDR (P < 0.001) genes were significantly upregulated, MYC was downregulated but without a significant difference (P > 0.05). In conclusion, VD3 treatment can mitigate the LPS-induced abnormal expression of Wnt signaling pathway genes in BEECs, showing that the Wnt pathway may be a protective pathway of VD3 against LPS-induced gene overexpression in BEECs. The results suggest that VD3 may play a regulatory role in pathways other than the Wnt signaling pathway. Whether VD3 affects the Wnt signaling pathway by affecting Wnt4 gene expression requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Juntao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Juanjuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Penghui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yiping Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yujie Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Lixin Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Daros RR, Weary DM, von Keyserlingk MA. Invited review: Risk factors for transition period disease in intensive grazing and housed dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:4734-4748. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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