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Yang F, Zhang M, Jin YG, Chen JC, Duan MH, Liu Y, Li ZE, Li XP, Yang F. Development and Application of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Diclazuril in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091512. [PMID: 37174549 PMCID: PMC10177140 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Withdrawal periods for diclazuril in broilers have traditionally been determined through regression analysis. However, over the last two decades, the physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model has gained prominence as a predictive tool for veterinary drug residues, which offers an alternative method for establishing appropriate withdrawal periods for veterinary drugs. In this current study, a flow-limited PBPK model was developed to predict diclazuril concentrations in broilers following long-duration administration via medicated feed and water. This model consists of nine compartments, including arterial and venous plasma, lung, muscle, skin + fat, kidney, liver, intestine contents, and the rest of the body compartment. Physiological parameters such as tissue weights (Vcxx) and blood flow (Qcxx) were gathered from published studies, and tissue/plasma partition coefficients (Pxx) were calculated through the area method or parameter optimization. Published diclazuril concentrations were compared to the predicted values, indicating the accuracy and validity of the model. The sensitivity analysis showed that parameters associated with cardiac output, drug absorption, and elimination significantly affected diclazuril concentrations in the muscle. Finally, a Monte Carlo analysis, consisting of 1000 iterations, was conducted to calculate the withdrawal period. Based on the Chinese MRL values, we calculated a withdrawal period of 0 days for both recommended dosing regimens (through mediated water and feed at concentrations of 0.5-1 mg/L and 1 mg/kg, respectively). However, based on the European MRLs, longer periods were determined for the mediated feed dosing route. Our model provides a foundation for scaling other coccidiostats and poultry species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yang-Guang Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jun-Cheng Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ming-Hui Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ze-En Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xing-Ping Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
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Dubbelboer IR, Le Roux-Pullen L, Gehring R. Systematic review of physiologically based kinetic lactation models for transfer of xenobiotic compounds to milk. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 467:116495. [PMID: 36996912 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Lactational elimination has been described mathematically for nearly 50 years. Over 40 published articles, containing >50 physiologically based kinetic (PBK) lactation models were included in the systematic review. These PBK models described the lactational elimination of xenobiotic compounds in humans, rats, mice, and dairy cows and goats. A total of 78 compounds have been modelled, ranging from industrial chemicals, pesticides, to pain medication, antibiotics, and caffeine. Few models included several species or compounds, and models were thus generally not translational or generic. Three dairy cow models mechanistically described the intramammary disposition of pharmaceuticals after intramammary administration, including volume changes caused by milking, while empirically describing the remaining pharmacokinetics. The remaining models were semi- or whole body PBK models, describing long-term exposure of environmental pollutants, or short-term exposure of pharmaceuticals. The absolute majority described the disposition to the mammary gland or milk with perfusion limited compartments, but permeability limited models were available as well. With long-term exposure, models often included changes in milk volume and/or consumption by the offspring, and changes in body weight of offspring. Periodic emptying of the mammary gland, as with feeding or milking, was sparsely applied. Rodent models used similar physiological parameters, while values of physiological parameters applied in human models could range widely. When milk composition was included in the models, it most often included the fat content. The review gives an extensive overview of the applied functions and modelling strategies of PBK lactation models.
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Li M, Wang YS, Elwell-Cuddy T, Baynes RE, Tell LA, Davis JL, Maunsell FP, Riviere JE, Lin Z. Physiological parameter values for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in food-producing animals. Part III: Sheep and goat. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:456-477. [PMID: 33350478 PMCID: PMC8359294 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This report is the third in a series of studies that aimed to compile physiological parameters related to develop physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for drugs and environmental chemicals in food‐producing animals including swine and cattle (Part I), chickens and turkeys (Part II), and finally sheep and goats (the focus of this manuscript). Literature searches were conducted in multiple databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest), with data on relevant parameters including body weight, relative organ weight (% of body weight), cardiac output, relative organ blood flow (% of cardiac output), residual blood volume (% of organ weight), and hematocrit reviewed and statistically summarized. The mean and standard deviation of each parameter are presented in tables. Equations describing the growth curves of sheep and goats are presented in figures. When data are sufficient, parameter values are reported for different ages or production classes of sheep, including fetal sheep, lambs, and market‐age sheep (mature sheep). These data provide a reference database for developing standardized PBPK models to predict drug withdrawal intervals in sheep and goats, and also provide a basis for extrapolating PBPK models from major species such as cattle to minor species such as sheep and goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Yu-Shin Wang
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Trevor Elwell-Cuddy
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Ronald E Baynes
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Lisa A Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Fiona P Maunsell
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jim E Riviere
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.,Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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