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Natrella G, Vacca M, Minervini F, Faccia M, De Angelis M. A Comprehensive Review on the Biogenic Amines in Cheeses: Their Origin, Chemical Characteristics, Hazard and Reduction Strategies. Foods 2024; 13:2583. [PMID: 39200510 PMCID: PMC11353796 DOI: 10.3390/foods13162583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Most of the biogenic amines are naturally found in fermented foods as a consequence of amino acid decarboxylation. Their formation is ascribable to microorganisms (starters, contaminants and autochthonous) present in the food matrix. The concentration of these molecules is important for food security reasons, as they are involved in food poisoning illnesses. The most frequent amines found in foods are histamine, putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, tryptamine, phenylethylamine, spermine and spermidine. One of the most risk-prone foods are cheeses, mostly ripened ones, which could easily accumulate amines due to their peculiar manufacturing process and ripening. Cheeses represent a pivotal food in our diet, providing for nutrients such as amino acids, calcium, vitamins and others; thus, since they are widely consumed, it is important to evaluate the presence of toxic molecules to avoid consumers' poisoning. This review aimed to gather general information on the role of biogenic amines, their formation, the health issues and the microorganisms and processes that produce/reduce them, with a focus on their content in different types of cheese (from soft to hard cheeses) and the biotic and abiotic factors that influence their formation or reduction and concentration. Finally, a multivariate analysis was performed on the biogenic amine content, derived from data available in the literature, to obtain more information about the factors influencing their presence in cheeses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Natrella
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (F.M.); (M.F.); (M.D.A.)
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Abarquero D, Duque C, Bodelón R, López I, Muñoz J, María Fresno J, Eugenia Tornadijo M. Autochthonous cultures to improve the quality of PGI Castellano cheese: Impact on proteolysis, microstructure and texture during ripening. Food Res Int 2024; 186:114306. [PMID: 38729707 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to find out the effect of different combinations of starter and non-starter cultures on the proteolysis of Castellano cheese during ripening. Four cheese batches were prepared, each containing autochthonous lactobacilli and or Leuconostoc, and were compared with each other and with a control batch, that used only a commercial starter. To achieve this, nitrogen fractions (pH 4.4-soluble nitrogen and 12 % trichloroacetic acid soluble nitrogen, polypeptide nitrogen and casein nitrogen), levels of free amino acids and biogenic amines were assessed. Texture and microstructure of cheeses were also evaluated. Significant differences in nitrogen fractions were observed between batches at different stages of ripening. The free amino acid content increased throughout the cheese ripening process, with a more significant increase occurring after the first 30 days. Cheeses containing non-starter lactic acid bacteria exhibited the highest values at the end of the ripening period. Among the main amino acids, GABA was particularly abundant, especially in three of the cheese batches at the end of ripening. The autochthonous lactic acid bacteria were previously selected as non-producers of biogenic amines and this resulted in the absence of these compounds in the cheeses. Analysis of the microstructure of the cheese reflected the impact of proteolysis. Additionally, the texture profile analysis demonstrated that the cheese's hardness intensified as the ripening period progressed. The inclusion of autochthonous non-starter lactic acid bacteria in Castellano cheese production accelerated the proteolysis process, increasing significantly the free amino acids levels and improving the sensory quality of the cheeses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Abarquero
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Cristina Duque
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Raquel Bodelón
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Inés López
- Department of Innovation and Product Development, Queserías Entrepinares. Avenida de Santander 140, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Julio Muñoz
- Department of Innovation and Product Development, Queserías Entrepinares. Avenida de Santander 140, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - José María Fresno
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - María Eugenia Tornadijo
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
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Majcherczyk J, Maciejaszek I, Surówka K. Chemical Safety and Quality Attributes of Dried Sausage Snacks Stored in Modified Atmosphere. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2022; 2022:6173613. [PMID: 36569453 PMCID: PMC9771647 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6173613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A sausage snack was produced by air blast drying of cottage sausage, and its safety and quality were investigated during 10-week storage period in a modified atmosphere (20% CO2/80% N2) at 4 ± 1°C and 20 ± 1°C. The results of a sensory and instrumental evaluation of colour and texture showed that significantly greater changes in these parameters were caused by drying the sausage rather than during subsequent storage of the produced snacks. Although total viable count increased and reached a maximum value of 6.5 log CFU g-1 after 70 days of storage at 20 ± 1°C, Enterobacteriaceae were not detected. The histamine level was approx. 18 mg kg-1, while the average content of the other biogenic amines after 70 days of storage ranged from 4.4 mg kg-1 (cadaverine) to 32.1 mg kg-1 (tyramine). The biogenic amine index was small and varied from 34.5 mg kg-1 (in the sausage before drying) to 73.4 mg kg-1 (at the end of the snack storage at 20 ± 1°C). The lipid hydrolysis and oxidation proceeded slowly and did not pose a threat to the product quality. The combination of drying and modified atmosphere packaging maintains good quality and safety of sausage snack during 70 days at refrigerated storage and/or 4 weeks at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Majcherczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Food, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka Street, 30-149 Cracow, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Maciejaszek
- Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Food, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka Street, 30-149 Cracow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Surówka
- Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Food, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka Street, 30-149 Cracow, Poland
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Santamarina-García G, Amores G, López de Armentia E, Hernández I, Virto M. Relationship between the Dynamics of Gross Composition, Free Fatty Acids and Biogenic Amines, and Microbial Shifts during the Ripening of Raw Ewe Milk-Derived Idiazabal Cheese. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3224. [PMID: 36428451 PMCID: PMC9686631 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports for the first time the relationship between bacterial succession, characterized by high-throughput sequencing (sequencing of V3-V4 16S rRNA regions), and the evolution of gross composition, free fatty acids (FFAs) and biogenic amines (BAs) during cheese ripening. Specifically, Idiazabal PDO cheese, a raw ewe milk-derived semi-hard o hard cheese, was analysed. Altogether, 8 gross parameters were monitored (pH, dry matter, protein, fat, Ca, Mg, P and NaCl) and 21 FFAs and 8 BAs were detected. The ripening time influenced the concentration of most physico-chemical parameters, whereas the producer mainly affected the gross composition and FFAs. Through an O2PLS approach, the non-starter lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Streptococcus were reported as positively related to the evolution of gross composition and FFAs release, while only Lactobacillus was positively related to BAs production. Several environmental or non-desirable bacteria showed negative correlations, which could indicate the negative impact of gross composition on their growth, the antimicrobial effect of FFAs and/or the metabolic use of FFAs by these genera, and their ability to degrade BAs. Nonetheless, Obesumbacterium and Chromohalobacter were positively associated with the synthesis of FFAs and BAs, respectively. This research work provides novel information that may contribute to the understanding of possible functional relationships between bacterial communities and the evolution of several cheese quality and safety parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Santamarina-García
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Unibertsitate Ibilbidea 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Gustavo Amores
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Unibertsitate Ibilbidea 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, Spain
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Manca G, Ru A, Siddi G, Murittu G, Luigi De Santis EP. The effect of seasonality on the biogenic amines, free amino acids, and physico-chemical composition of raw milk Fiore Sardo cheese produced in Sardinia (Italy). Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tzora A, Nelli A, Kritikou AS, Katsarou D, Giannenas I, Lagkouvardos I, Thomaidis NS, Skoufos I. The "Crosstalk" between Microbiota and Metabolomic Profile of Kefalograviera Cheese after the Innovative Feeding Strategy of Dairy Sheep by Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Foods 2022; 11:3164. [PMID: 37430914 PMCID: PMC9601511 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two different feeding systems, a control or a flaxseed and lupin diet (experimental), for a sheep flock, on the microbiota and metabolome of Kefalograviera cheese samples produced by their milk. In particular, the microbiota present in Kefalograviera cheese samples was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, while ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) was applied to investigate the chemical profile of the cheeses, considering the different feeding systems applied. The metagenomic profile was found to be altered by the experimental feeding system and significantly correlated to specific cheese metabolites, with Streptococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae establishing positive and negative correlations with the discriminant metabolites. Overall, more than 120 features were annotated and identified with high confidence level across the samples while most of them belonged to specific chemical classes. Characteristic analytes detected in different concentrations in the experimental cheese samples including arabinose, dulcitol, hypoxanthine, itaconic acid, L-arginine, L-glutamine and succinic acid. Therefore, taken together, our results provide an extensive foodomics approach for Kefalograviera cheese samples from different feeding regimes, investigating the metabolomic and metagenomic biomarkers that could be used to foresee, improve, and control cheese ripening outcomes, demonstrating the quality of the experimental Kefalograviera cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Tzora
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47132 Arta, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Nelli
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47132 Arta, Greece
| | - Anastasia S. Kritikou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Danai Katsarou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Giannenas
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ilias Lagkouvardos
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47132 Arta, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S. Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Skoufos
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47132 Arta, Greece
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Biegalski J, Cais-Sokolińska D, Tomaszewska-Gras J, Baranowska HM. The Effect of Freezing Sheep's Milk on the Meltability, Texture, Melting and Fat Crystallization Profiles of Fresh Pasta Filata Cheese. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092740. [PMID: 34573705 PMCID: PMC8466675 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sheep’s milk is usually produced on small farms. It is mainly used in the pro duction of cheese products. One of the methods of extending the shelf life of sheep’s milk is freezing it. In this study we examined the effect of freezing on sheep’s milk and a mixture of sheep’s and cow’s milk on the quality of fresh pasta filata cheeses produced from the milk. It has been proven that the freezing of milk affects the possibility of using it in later cheese processing. Freezing sheep’s milk influenced, among others, a greater hardness and less elasticity of the cheese. We also noticed that the addition of frozen sheep’s milk caused consumer dissatisfaction. Abstract Sheep’s milk is produced in smallholdings, which hinders the continuity of production. Therefore, freezing during periods of high production can be a solution. Herein, we examined the effect of freezing on sheep’s milk and a mixture of sheep and cow’s milk (70:30, v/v) on the quality of fresh pasta filata cheeses produced from the milk. Frozen/thawed sheep’s milk contributes little to the development of innovative and reformulated cheeses. This was due to 24% higher hardness and greater extensibility and cutting force, as well as lower stretching and elasticity. Although their flowability increased (Oiling-off from 3 to 12%), the meltability (tube test, and Schreiber test) decreased. Additionally, the use of frozen milk caused consumer dissatisfaction. The consumer penalty analysis of the just–about–right showed that freezing of the milk caused the loss of the refreshing, elasticity and shininess of pasta filata cheeses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Biegalski
- Department of Dairy Products Quality, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Dorota Cais-Sokolińska
- Department of Dairy Products Quality, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-8487-317
| | - Jolanta Tomaszewska-Gras
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Management, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Hanna M. Baranowska
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
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