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Mann S, Bruckmaier RM, Spellman M, Frederick G, Somula H, Wieland M. Effect of oxytocin use during colostrum harvest and the association of cow characteristics with colostrum yield and immunoglobulin G concentration in Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:7469-7481. [PMID: 38825098 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Our objectives were to determine the effect of oxytocin use during colostrum harvest on colostrum yield and IgG concentration in Holstein dairy cows on a commercial dairy in New York and to describe associations of cow characteristics with these outcomes. Animals were enrolled between July and October 2023 using a randomized block design, with day of enrollment as the unit of randomization. A median (range) of 10 (3-19) cows were enrolled per day. Treatments were (1) 40 IU oxytocin (OXY40), (2) 20 IU oxytocin (OXY20), and (3) an untreated control group (CNTR). Oxytocin was administered i.m. ∼45 s before unit attachment in a rotary parlor. Colostrum weight was measured using the colostrum bucket-embedded scale or a platform scale when the yield was less than the smallest bucket scale. The concentration of IgG ([IgG]) in colostrum was determined using radial immunodiffusion and used to calculate total IgG, and DM (%) was determined by oven drying. Individual cow characteristics such as parity, calf sex, weight, dystocia score, stillbirth, and milk production in wk 4 of lactation; additionally, for multiparous cows, dry period length and previous lactation dry-off linear SCS were collected. Data were analyzed separately for primiparous and multiparous cows using backward stepwise elimination. To produce final mixed effects ANOVA models, primiparous cows (n = 201) were randomized to 35.8% (n = 72) OXY40, 32.8% (n = 66) OXY20, and 31.3% (n = 63) CNTR. Multiparous groups (n = 435) were randomized to 34.7% (n = 151) OXY40, 29.7% (n = 129) OXY20, and 35.6% (n = 155) CNTR. The median (range) colostrum yield was 6.0 (0-20.6) kg and [IgG] was 98.5 (0.1-293.6) g/L in the study population. In primiparous cows, OXY40 had a higher colostrum yield (LSM [95% CI]) of 5.4 (4.9-5.9) kg compared with both OXY20 (4.1 [3.5-4.7] kg) and CNTR (3.8 [3.3-4.3] kg). In multiparous cows, OXY40, OXY20, and CNTR did not differ in colostrum yield (5.9 [5.3-6.5], 5.7 [5.1-6.3], and 5.4 [4.8-6.0] kg, respectively), but colostrum yield was greater in parity 2 compared with all other parities, cows giving birth to male calves, cows with the highest milk production at wk 4 of lactation, and cows with a dry period of >65 d. Oxytocin use did not affect [IgG] in either primiparous or multiparous cows, but [IgG] was highest in cows in parity ≥4 and lowest in cows dry >65 d. In summary, oxytocin use at 40 IU i.m. was associated with a higher colostrum yield in primiparous cows only and no change in [IgG]. Oxytocin use likely addressed disturbed milk ejection and therefore increased colostrum yield in heifers milked for the first time in a rotary parlor. This study confirms cow characteristics associated with colostrum production within a single herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Mann
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
| | - Rupert M Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Madeleine Spellman
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Grace Frederick
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Haritha Somula
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Matthias Wieland
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Westhoff TA, Borchardt S, Mann S. Invited review: Nutritional and management factors that influence colostrum production and composition in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4109-4128. [PMID: 38246551 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Colostrum is a rich source of nutritional and non-nutritional components and is recognized as essential to transfer passive immunity to newborn calves. Because of the individual and seasonal variability in colostrum yield and composition, maintaining an adequate supply of high-quality colostrum year-round remains a challenge for commercial dairy producers. In this narrative review, we described the individual, seasonal, and herd-level variability of colostrum production and summarized the association between individual animal factors such as parity, sex of the calf, calf birth weight, as well as indicators of the cow's metabolic status and the yield and composition of colostrum. Further, we reviewed the current knowledge on the influence of prepartum nutrition and management strategies on colostrum production. Research on the metabolizable energy and protein supplied in the prepartum diet as well as on the inclusion and source of vitamins, minerals, and feed additives suggests prepartum nutrition influences the yield, quality, and composition of colostrum. Furthermore, the prepartum environment and dry period length remain influential factors in the production of colostrum. However, additional research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which prepartum nutrition and management affect colostrum production. Finally, time from calving to colostrum harvest and oxytocin administration as well as the current knowledge on the effect of heat treatment and colostrum storage strategies on colostral components were discussed. To conclude, we identify critical gaps in knowledge for future focus of investigation in colostrum research.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Westhoff
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - S Borchardt
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Mann
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Zhang Z, Yao Y, Yang J, Jiang H, Meng Y, Cao W, Zhou F, Wang K, Yang Z, Yang C, Sun J, Yang Y. Assessment of adaptive immune responses of dairy cows with Burkholderia contaminans-induced mastitis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1099623. [PMID: 36960295 PMCID: PMC10028201 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1099623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia contaminans, an emerging pathogen related to cystic fibrosis, is known to cause potentially fatal infections in humans and ruminants, especially in immunocompromised individuals. However, the immune responses in cows following its infection have not been fully elucidated. In this study, T- and B-lymphocytes-mediated immune responses were evaluated in 15 B. contaminans-induced mastitis cows and 15 healthy cows with multi-parameter flow cytometry. The results showed that infection with B. contaminans was associated with a significant decrease in the number and percentage of B lymphocytes but with a significant increase in the proportion of IgG+CD27+ B lymphocytes. This indicated that humoral immune response may not be adequate to fight intracellular infection, which could contribute to the persistent bacterial infection. In addition, B. contaminans infection induced significant increase of γδ T cells and double positive (DP) CD4+CD8+ T cells but not CD4+ or CD8+ (single positive) T cells in blood. Phenotypic analysis showed that the percentages of activated WC1+ γδ T cells in peripheral blood were increased in the B. contaminans infected cows. Interestingly, intracellular cytokine staining showed that cattle naturally infected with B. contaminans exhibited multifunctional TNF-α+IFN-γ+IL-2+ B. contaminans-specific DP T cells. Our results, for the first time, revealed a potential role of IgG+CD27+ B cells, CD4+CD8+ T cells and WC1+ γδ T cells in the defense of B. contaminans-induced mastitis in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yiyang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ye Meng
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Cao
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fuzhen Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Chunhua Yang,
| | - Jie Sun
- Shenzhen Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Jie Sun,
| | - Yi Yang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Yi Yang,
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