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Wu Q, Chen Q, Xu D, Wang X, Ye H, Li X, Xiong Y, Li J, Zhou S, Miao J, Shen W, Liu Y, Niu H, Tang Y, Zhou L. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 promotes tubular cell senescence and renal fibrosis through β-catenin-inhibited fatty acid oxidation. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18075. [PMID: 38213100 PMCID: PMC10844696 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly increasing. Renal fibrosis is a common pathological feature in various CKD. Previous studies showed tubular cell senescence is highly involved in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. However, the inducers of tubular senescence and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully investigated. C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), a G-protein-coupled seven-span transmembrane receptor, increases renal fibrosis and plays an important role in tubular cell injury. Whereas, whether CXCR4 could induce tubular cell senescence and the detailed mechanisms have not studied yet. In this study, we adopted adriamycin nephropathy and 5/6 nephrectomy models, and cultured tubular cell line. Overexpression or knockdown of CXCR4 was obtained by injection of related plasmids. We identified CXCR4 increased in injury tubular cells. CXCR4 was expressed predominantly in renal tubular epithelial cells and co-localized with adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP) as well as the senescence-related protein P16INK4A . Furthermore, we found overexpression of CXCR4 greatly induced the activation of β-catenin, while knockdown of CXCR4 inhibited it. We also found that CXCR4 inhibited fatty acid oxidation and triggered lipid deposition in tubular cells. To inhibit β-catenin by ICG-001, an inhibitor of β-catenin, could significantly block CXCR4-suppressed fatty acid oxidation. Taken together, our results indicate that CXCR4 is a key mediator in tubular cell senescence and renal fibrosis. CXCR4 promotes tubular cell senescence and renal fibrosis by inducing β-catenin and inhibiting fatty acid metabolism. Our findings provide a new theory for tubular cell injury in renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of NephrologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qiurong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huiyun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaolong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yabing Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiemei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jinhua Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Weiwei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Youhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hongxin Niu
- Special Medical Service Center, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of NephrologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lili Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Qiu YY, Zhang J, Zeng FY, Zhu YZ. Roles of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Pharmacol Res 2023; 192:106786. [PMID: 37146924 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of disease phenotypes which start with simple steatosis and lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes - a typical histological lesions characteristic. It may progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that is characterized by hepatic inflammation and/or fibrosis and subsequent onset of NAFLD-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Due to the central role of the liver in metabolism, NAFLD is regarded as a result of and contribution to the metabolic abnormalities seen in the metabolic syndrome. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) has three subtypes, which govern the expression of genes responsible for energy metabolism, cellular development, inflammation, and differentiation. The agonists of PPARα, such as fenofibrate and clofibrate, have been used as lipid-lowering drugs in clinical practice. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) - ligands of PPARγ, such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, are also used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) with insulin resistance (IR). Increasing evidence suggests that PPARβ/δ agonists have potential therapeutic effects in improving insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism disorders. In addition, PPARs ligands have been considered as potential therapeutic drugs for hypertension, atherosclerosis (AS) or diabetic nephropathy. Their crucial biological roles dictate the significance of PPARs-targeting in medical research and drug discovery. Here, it reviews the biological activities, ligand selectivity and biological functions of the PPARs family, and discusses the relationship between PPARs and the pathogenesis of NAFLD and metabolic syndrome. This will open new possibilities for PPARs application in medicine, and provide a new idea for the treatment of fatty liver and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ye Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China; Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- University International College, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China.
| | - Fan-Yi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China; School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China; Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 24/1400 West Beijing Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China; Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China; School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China.
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LeBlanc SJ. Relationship of peripartum inflammation with reproductive health in dairy cows. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:230-234. [PMID: 37360118 PMCID: PMC10285243 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Failure of a robust but well-regulated immune response may result in reproductive tract inflammatory disease, such as metritis, purulent vaginal discharge, or endometritis. Metritis is consistently associated with reduced diversity of the uterine microbiome. Similarly, purulent vaginal discharge at 4 to 6 wk postpartum is strongly associated with bacterial infection of the uterus. Conversely, the microbiome of healthy cows and those with subclinical endometritis is generally similar, so endometritis is thought to be a consequence of dysregulation of inflammation rather than changes in uterine microbiota. There is an emerging concept that inflammation is not only a reaction to injury or disease but that it can be a consequence of or precursor to metabolic disturbances. The degree of systemic inflammation is associated with the level of trauma and bacterial contamination of the uterus or mammary gland, the degree of fat mobilization and release of nonesterified fatty acids, and perhaps leaky gut, all of which result in the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, uterine inflammation may be exacerbated by systemic inflammation, but may also contribute to heightened systemic inflammation in transition cows. However, clarity and progress are limited by a lack of validated criteria to quantify systemic inflammation and to identify its sources.
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Gessner DK, Sandrock LM, Most E, Koch C, Ringseis R, Eder K. Performance and Metabolic, Inflammatory, and Oxidative Stress-Related Parameters in Early Lactating Dairy Cows with High and Low Hepatic FGF21 Expression. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010131. [PMID: 36611740 PMCID: PMC9817787 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of FGF21 expression in the liver and a significant increase in plasma FGF21 concentration have been demonstrated in cows during early lactation, but knowledge about the function of FGF21 in dairy cows remains limited. In order to improve the understanding of the physiological role of FGF21 in dairy cows, the present study aimed to investigate differences in metabolic pathways between dairy cows with high and low hepatic expression of FGF21 at week 1 of lactation (n = 8/group) by liver transcriptomics, targeted plasma metabolomics, and analysis of inflammatory and oxidative stress-related parameters. Dry matter intake, energy balance, milk yield, and energy-corrected milk yield at days 8−14 postpartum did not differ between cows with high and low hepatic FGF21 expression. However, cows with high FGF21 expression showed an upregulation of genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent cytoprotection compared to cows with low FGF21 expression at week 1 postpartum (p < 0.05). Concentrations of important antioxidants (tocopherols, β-carotene, and glutathione) in the liver and plasma, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity in plasma, concentrations of oxidative stress-related compounds (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and protein carbonyls), and levels of most acute phase proteins at week 1 postpartum did not differ between cows with high or low FGF21 expression. Moreover, among a total of >200 metabolites assayed in the plasma, concentrations of only 7 metabolites were different between cows with high or low FGF21 expression (p < 0.05). Overall, the results showed that cows with high and low FGF21 hepatic expression had only moderate differences in metabolism, but FGF21 might be important in the adaptation of dairy cows to stress conditions during early lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise K. Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Lena M. Sandrock
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Erika Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Koch
- Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Hofgut Neumühle, 67728 Münchweiler an der Alsenz, Germany
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-641-9939230
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