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Gecaj RM, Ajazi FC, Bytyqi H, Mehmedi B, Çadraku H, Ismaili M. Somatic Cell Number, Physicochemical, and Microbiological Parameters of Raw Milk of Goats During the End of Lactation as Compared by Breeds and Number of Lactations. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:694114. [PMID: 34540931 PMCID: PMC8446551 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.694114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed for the evaluation of somatic cell count (SCC), physicochemical, and microbiological parameters during the end of lactation in the raw milk of Alpine and native Red goat breed. In the experiment, 102 milk samples from Alpine and native Red goats were included. Two different groups within the same breed were analyzed: a group consisting of animals in their first lactation and the second group consisting of animals from the fifth lactation. The milk samples were individually and daily collected during late lactation for three consecutive weeks, and milk fat, protein, lactose, SCC, and total bacteria with enterobacteria were assessed. Fresh milk of goats from late lactation period had a number of somatic cells (SC) within the expected value with log10 of 5.8–6.18 cells/ml for the compared groups. In both breeds, the total mesophilic bacteria were fewer in numbers, however, in the native Red goat, a larger population of such bacteria was enumerated. The number of coliforms and enterobacteria was below 100 cfu/ml. In the current study, we were able to show a significant difference among the studied breeds depending on lactation and season for fat (p = 0.002), but not for lactose and protein content. A positive correlation for total protein (TP), lactose, and fat as well as for lactose and SCC was found in the native Red goat breed. In the Alpine goat breed, a strong positive correlation (0.821**) was found for lactose and enterobacteria count (EC). In conclusion, these findings evaluate different goat milk parameters during late lactation period and provide an indirect measure to monitor goat mammary gland health for both breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rreze M Gecaj
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Flutura C Ajazi
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, University for Business and Technology-Higher Education Institution, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Hysen Bytyqi
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Blerta Mehmedi
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Hazir Çadraku
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, University for Business and Technology-Higher Education Institution, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Muharrem Ismaili
- Institute of Microbiology, Vifor Pharma, Glattbrugg, Switzerland
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2
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Assessment of Quality and Safety of Farm Level Produced Cheeses from Sheep and Goat Milk. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11073196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of sheep’s and goat’s milk and cheese is currently increasing. The production process of these types of cheese is being carried out by traditional domestic production at farm level. However, knowledge in the field of hygiene, technology and health safety of cheeses are still insufficient. This study aimed to examine the physical and chemical quality and microbiological safety of sheep’s and goat’s milk and cheeses made from them. The month of milking influenced the content of milk components (p < 0.001) in sheep’s milk and goat’s milk, but no changes in SCC content during the examined period were found (p > 0.05). Level of contamination by Enterobacteriaceae sp. and coagulase-positive staphylococci was lower than 5 log CFU/mL in sheep’s and goat’s milk. During the ripening time, the number of lactic acid bacteria significantly raised (p < 0.001). Ripening time statistically changed (p < 0.001) not just the microbial safety of cheeses but also the color (p < 0.01). Under the applicable regulations, the analyzed samples were evaluated as suitable for human consumption.
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Vršková M, Tančin V, Uhrinčať M, Mačuhová L, Tvarožková K. Survey of somatic cell counts and milk composition in bulk milk of ewes in dairy practice. POTRAVINARSTVO 2021. [DOI: 10.5219/1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated milk quality during the sheep dairy period in the year 2018. The study was performed at fifteen dairy farms with differed breeds and crossbreds under Slovakian usual practical conditions (milking and pasture). At the first and seventh farm purebred Tsigai (TS) ewes were kept, at the eight to twelve farm there were purebred Lacaune ewes (LC) and the thirteen farm were kept crossbred Improved Valachian x Lacaune ewes (IV/LC, with a higher proportion of Improved Valachian), the fourteen farm crossbred Lacaune x East Friesian ewes and the last farm were ewes of the synthetic population of Slovak dairy ewe (SD). The milk yield recording and milk sampling were performed once a month during evening milking as a part of milk recording services. The basic milk composition was determined by MilkoScan FT120 (Foss, Hillerød, Denmark) and somatic cell count was determined using a Fossomatic 90 (Foss Electric, Hillerød, Denmark) after heat treatment at 40 °C for 15 min. We found the highest incidence of SCC on farm 14 with crossbred LC/EF 3.940 x 103 cells.mL-1. Followed by farms 12 and 9 with purebred LC (SCC value of 3.318 and 2.489 x 103 cells.mL-1). Farm 7 with purebred TS reached the lowest value (831 x 103 cells.mL-1). The highest fat content was reached by the purebred TS, with gradual growth from March to July. Crossbreds and the synthetic population of Slovak dairy ewe (SD) had the lowest average fat content, which could be affected by feeding. Similar tendencies were found in protein content.
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Martí-De Olives A, Peris C, Molina MP. Effect of subclinical mastitis on the yield and cheese-making properties of ewe’s milk. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.106044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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5
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Variation of milk technological properties in sheep milk: Relationships among composition, coagulation and cheese-making traits. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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6
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Gelsolin expression in sheep milk somatic cells during lactation. Animal 2019; 13:2297-2304. [PMID: 30837031 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of genes involved in phenotypes related to milk quality is important for both economic and health aspects in livestock production. The aim of this study was to assess the level of gelsolin gene expression in two breeds of dairy sheep - Sarda and Gentile - with pronounced differences in quantitative and qualitative milk traits. Gelsolin, a type of actin-modulating proteins is involved in the processes of actin remodeling during cell growth and apoptosis; therefore a role of this protein in mammary changes during lactation was here hypothesized. Individual milk samples were collected three times during lactation from 26 ewes of the two breeds. The differential gene expression of gelsolin in the two breeds and the three lactation times was estimated by quantitative PCR on RNA extracted from milk somatic cells. Correlations of gelsolin gene expression with milk yield and quality and days of lactation were also estimated. The results showed that gelsolin gene expression was significantly higher in the Sarda compared to the Gentile at each lactation stage, in agreement with the longer lactation duration and the higher daily milk yield of the first breed. Significant correlations of gelsolin gene expression were found with milk fat content in Sarda breed (-0.46, P<0.05). Gelsolin expression analysis confirmed the link between gelsolin gene function and milk fat content of sheep.
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Paschino P, Vacca GM, Dettori ML, Pazzola M. An approach for the estimation of somatic cells’ effect in Sarda sheep milk based on the analysis of milk traits and coagulation properties. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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8
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Lactoferrin and IgG levels in ovine milk throughout lactation: Correlation with milk quality parameters. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Gelasakis AI, Angelidis A, Giannakou R, Arsenos G. Bacterial subclinical mastitis and its effect on milk quality traits in low-input dairy goat herds. Vet Rec 2018; 183:449. [PMID: 30045996 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate and quantify the effects of subclinical mastitis (SCM) on the gross chemical composition of milk in low-input dairy goat herds. Dairy goats (n=590) of two native Greek breeds from four representative low-input farms were randomly selected and used in the study. Α prospective study was conducted, including monthly monitoring and milk sampling of the same individual goats during the course of two consecutive milking periods. Mixed linear regression models were built to assess how the chemical composition of milk was affected by (1) SCM and (2) the different pathogens isolated from SCM cases. Goats with SCM had lower milk-fat content (MFC), daily milk-fat yield (DMFY), milk-lactose content (MLC) and daily milk-lactose yield (DMLY), and slightly higher milk-protein content (MPC) and daily milk-protein yield (DMPY), compared with goats without SCM. Milk produced by goats with SCM due to coagulase-positive staphylococci and Mycoplasma agalactiae had significantly lower MFC, DMFY, MLC and DMLY, and higher MPC and DMPY, compared with the milk produced by healthy goats. Finally, goats with SCM due to coagulase-negative staphylococci had lower DMFY, MLC and DMLY and higher DMPY compared with the healthy ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios I Gelasakis
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Thermi, Greece
| | - Apostolos Angelidis
- Laboratory of Milk Hygiene and Technology, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Rebecca Giannakou
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Arsenos
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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10
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Determination of milk production losses and variations of fat and protein percentages according to different levels of somatic cell count in Valle del Belice dairy sheep. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Pazzola M, Cipolat-Gotet C, Bittante G, Cecchinato A, Dettori ML, Vacca GM. Phenotypic and genetic relationships between indicators of the mammary gland health status and milk composition, coagulation, and curd firming in dairy sheep. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:3164-3175. [PMID: 29428761 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of somatic cell count, lactose, and pH on sheep milk composition, coagulation properties (MCP), and curd firming (CF) parameters. Individual milk samples were collected from 1,114 Sarda ewes reared in 23 farms. Milk composition, somatic cell count, single point MCP (rennet coagulation time, RCT; curd firming time, k20; and curd firmness, a30, a45, and a60), and CF model parameters were achieved. Phenotypic traits were statistically analyzed using a mixed model to estimate the effects of the different levels of milk somatic cell score (SCS), lactose, and pH, respectively. Additive genetic, herd, and residual correlations among these 3 traits, and with milk composition, MCP and CF parameters, were inferred using a Bayesian approach. From a phenotypic point of view, higher SCS levels caused a delayed gelification of milk. Lactose concentration and pH were significant for many milk quality traits, with a very intense effect on both coagulation times and curd firming. These traits (RCT, RCT estimated using the curd firming over time equation, and k20) showed an unfavorable increase of about 20% from the highest to the lowest level of lactose. Milk samples with pH values lower than 6.56 versus higher than 6.78 were characterized by an increase of RCT (from 6.00 to 14.3 min) and k20 (from 1.65 to 2.65 min) and a decrease of all the 3 curd firmness traits. From a genetic point of view, the marginal posterior distribution of heritability estimates evidenced a large and exploitable variability for all 3 phenotypes. The mean intra-farm heritability estimates were 0.173 for SCS, 0.418 for lactose content, and 0.206 for pH. Lactose (favorably), and SCS and pH (unfavorably), at phenotypic and genetic levels, were correlated mainly with RCT and RCT estimated using the curd firming over time equation and scarcely with the other curd firming traits. The SCS, lactose, and pH were significantly correlated with each other's. In conclusion, results reported in the present study suggest that SCS, pH, and lactose affect, contemporarily and independently, milk quality and MCP. These phenotypes, easily available during milk recording schemes measured by infrared spectra prediction, could be used as potential indicators traits for improving cheese-making ability of ovine milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pazzola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Claudio Cipolat-Gotet
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Alessio Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Maria L Dettori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M Vacca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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12
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Caballero-Villalobos J, Garzón A, Martínez Marín A, Arias R, Ciocia F, McSweeney P. Plasmin activity in Manchega ewe milk: The effect of lactation, parity and health of the udder, and its influence on milk composition and rennet coagulation. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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14
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Romero G, Roca A, Alejandro M, Muelas R, Díaz JR. Relationship of mammary gland health status and other noninfectious factors with electrical conductivity of milk in Manchega ewes. J Dairy Sci 2016; 100:1555-1567. [PMID: 28012619 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Measuring the electrical conductivity (EC) of milk during milking has been extensively studied in cattle as a low-cost mastitis detection method that can be easily automated. The aim of this work was to study the effect of the health status of the glands and several noninfectious factors (lactation stage, milking session, and lactation number) that affect the use of EC measurement of milk to detect mastitis in dairy sheep livestock. Likewise, we studied the relation between EC and milk composition (macrocomposition and mineral content) and between EC and somatic cell count (SCC). Finally, we evaluated the use of EC thresholds as a mastitis detection method. To this end, we monitored the glandular milk EC throughout 2 consecutive lactations, during which 42 and 40 ewes were controlled, respectively. We carried out 7 biweekly checks, analyzing the EC, SCC, composition, and mineral content of glandular milk at morning and evening milkings. Before the morning milking, samples were aseptically collected for bacteriological analysis, and the results along with the SCC were used to classify the glands according to their sanitary status (healthy, latently infected, or infected). Lactation stage, parity, milking (morning or evening), health status, and the interactions of parity with health status, lactation stage with health status, and parity with lactation stage all had a significant effect on SCC and EC of the milk. The correlation between EC and SCC was only significant when all the data were analyzed jointly (r = 0.33) and for SCC ≥ 600.000 cells/mL (r = 0.25). The changes in milk composition, mainly in fat content, largely explained the variation in EC (R2 = 0.69). For the same EC threshold, the specificity and sensitivity varied depending on the parity or the milking, with the negative predictive value obtained being higher than the positive predictive value at all times. We concluded that developing methods of detecting mastitis in sheep by milk EC readings would require consideration of noninfectious factors that also affect the gauging of EC. One option to consider would be individualized daily monitoring of the glands, as demonstrated in other species such as cattle and goat.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Romero
- Dpto. Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Ctra. de Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - A Roca
- Dpto. Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Ctra. de Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - M Alejandro
- Dpto. Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Ctra. de Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - R Muelas
- Dpto. Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Ctra. de Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - J R Díaz
- Dpto. Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Ctra. de Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain.
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Potential influence of herd and animal factors on the yield of cheese and recovery of components from Sarda sheep milk, as determined by a laboratory bench-top model cheese-making. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Skoufos I, Tzora A, Giannenas I, Karamoutsios A, Tsangaris G, Fthenakis GC. Milk quality characteristics of Boutsiko, Frisarta and Karagouniko sheep breeds reared in the mountainous and semimountainous areas of Western and Central Greece. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Skoufos
- Department of Agriculture Technology; School of Agriculture Technology; Food Technology and Nutrition; Division of Animal Production; TEI of Epirus; 47100 Arta Greece
| | - Athina Tzora
- Department of Agriculture Technology; School of Agriculture Technology; Food Technology and Nutrition; Division of Animal Production; TEI of Epirus; 47100 Arta Greece
| | - Ilias Giannenas
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; School of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; 54124 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Achilleas Karamoutsios
- Department of Agriculture Technology; School of Agriculture Technology; Food Technology and Nutrition; Division of Animal Production; TEI of Epirus; 47100 Arta Greece
| | | | - Georgios C. Fthenakis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; School of Health Science; University of Thessaly; 43100 Κarditsa Greece
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17
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Somatic cell counts, chemical composition and coagulation properties of goat and sheep bulk tank milk. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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The effect of health status of the udder on plasminogen activator activity of milk somatic cells in ovine milk. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Vršková M, Tančin V, Kirchnerová K, Sláma P. Evaluation of milk yield in tsigaiewes by somatic cell count. POTRAVINARSTVO 2015. [DOI: 10.5219/439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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20
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Composition, proteolysis indices and coagulating properties of ewe milk as affected by bulk tank somatic cell count. J DAIRY RES 2015; 82:344-9. [PMID: 26104824 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029915000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovine bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on composition, proteose-peptone (p-p) content and casein fractions as indicating parameters for proteolysis and coagulating properties of milk. A total of 97 samples of bulk tank milk from Manchega breed ewe flocks were grouped according to somatic cell count (SCC) into four classes: fewer than 500,000 cells/ml, from 500,000 to 10,00000 cells/ml, from 10,00000 to 15,00000 and more than 15,00000 cells/ml. The casein : protein ratio and lactose content decreased with BTSCC. Proteolysis increased with BTSCC, causing a drop in β-casein and an increase in the γ-caseins from a concentration of 500,000 cells/ml. Regarding coagulation behaviour, the rennet clotting time (RCT) and firming time (k20) rose from 10,00000-15,00000 cells/ml of milk. The results showed that the impairment of milk quality and milk ability to make cheese as affected by intramammary infection (IMI) can be inferred from the bulk tank milk of flocks with poor udder health.
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Koutsouli P, Patounas G, Massouras T, Bizelis I, Politis I. Plasmin–plasminogen system and milk coagulation properties of two Greek dairy sheep breeds. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Pokorná M, Kuchtík J, Šustová K, Lužová T, Filipčík R. Milk yield, composition and quality of organic milk of ewes crossbreeds of Lacaune, East Friesian and Improved Wallachian during lactation. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun200957020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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23
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Martí De Olives A, Díaz J, Molina M, Peris C. Quantification of milk yield and composition changes as affected by subclinical mastitis during the current lactation in sheep. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:7698-708. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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The quality of Valle del Belice sheep’s milk and cheese produced in the hot summer season in Sicily. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-013-0155-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Kern G, Traulsen I, Kemper N, Krieter J. Analysis of somatic cell counts and risk factors associated with occurrence of bacteria in ewes of different primary purposes. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Králíčková Š, Pokorná M, Kuchtík J, Filipčík R. Effect of parity and stage of lactation on milk yield, composition and quality of organic sheep milk. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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27
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Pinto G, Caira S, Nicolai MA, Mauriello R, Cuollo M, Pirisi A, Piredda G, Chianese L, Addeo F. Proteolysis and partial dephosphorylation of casein are affected by high somatic cell counts in sheep milk. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Guerreiro O, Velez Z, Alvarenga N, Matos C, Duarte M. Molecular screening of ovine mastitis in different breeds. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:752-60. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Signorelli F, Francesca Cifuni G, Miarelli M. Differentially expressed mammary proteins during lactation in dairy sheep. Livest Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Martí-De Olives A, Le Roux Y, Rubert-Alemán J, Peris C, Molina M. Short communication: Effect of subclinical mastitis on proteolysis in ovine milk. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:5369-74. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Effects of flock, year and season on the quality of milk from an indigenous breed in the sub-Mediterranean area. Small Rumin Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Effects of somatic cells on the protein profile of hard ovine cheese produced from different breeds. J DAIRY RES 2011; 78:279-86. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029911000458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bulk tank ewe's milks with low (<500,000 ml−1), medium (1,000,000–1,500,000 ml−1) and high (>2,500,000 ml−1) somatic cell counts (SCC) from three breeds were used to manufacture hard ewes’-milk cheese. Physico-chemical analysis and capillary electrophoresis of fresh cheeses and cheeses that had been ripened for 1, 2, 3 and 6 months were carried out. The results showed that high SCC levels in milk affected the moisture content of only freshly made cheeses and the pH, fat content and fat acidity of ripened cheeses. Regarding proteolysis, the levels of all β-CNs in freshly made cheeses were significantly lower as the SCC values increased and the Castellana breed was the most affected by SCC levels because a significant decrease in all α-CNs was also observed as SCC levels rose. Analysis of the casein profile by principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that there were no clear differences according the SCC up to the third month. However in the third and sixth months cheeses with low levels of SC were closely grouped and characterised by the highest levels of intact caseins. Regarding the effect of breed, the results point to a more intense proteolytic activity in the Assaf breed, whose more matured cheeses showed the highest content of casein proteolytic fragments.
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Le Maréchal C, Thiéry R, Vautor E, Le Loir Y. Mastitis impact on technological properties of milk and quality of milk products—a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-011-0009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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EL-TAHAWY ABDELGAWADSALAH, EL-FAR ALIHAFEZ. Influences of somatic cell count on milk composition and dairy farm profitability. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2010.00597.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Organic management of dietary rosemary extract in dairy sheep: effects on milk quality and clotting properties. Vet Res Commun 2010; 34 Suppl 1:S197-201. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-010-9376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Najaf Najafi M, Koocheki A, Valibaigy S. Effects of somatic cell counts on the physicochemical and rheological properties of yoghurt made from sheep’s milk. Int J Food Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Influence of somatic cell counts and breed on physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of hard ewes'-milk cheeses. J DAIRY RES 2009; 76:283-9. [PMID: 19445825 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029909004087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to perform a physico-chemical, descriptive quantitative and consumer-preference analysis of hard ewes'-milk cheeses that had been matured for one year and to determine the correlations between the variables studied. The cheeses were elaborated with milk from three breeds of sheep (Castellana, Churra and Assaf) with different somatic cell counts (lower than 500,000 cells ml-1; between 1,000,000 and 1,500,000 cells ml-1, and more than 2,500,000 cells ml-1). The results show that the cheeses elaborated with milk with high SCC had lower values of dry extract and fat and high values of pH and fat acidity and were described as pungent, granulose and less creamy. Regarding the effect of breed, the cheeses made with milk from the Churra breed had lower values for fat and those made with Assaf breed milk were significantly more rancid. The study of correlations showed that creaminess was positively correlated with the dry extract and total fat content and negatively correlated with ash and fat acidity, indeed grainy texture and pungency had the opposite sign in their correlation with these latter variables. The yellow colour was positively correlated with ash and negatively with protein. Finally, the consumer preferences reveals that the less accepted cheeses showed the higher values for rancidness and pungency and they were less likely to accept the cheeses made with Assaf breed milk.
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Effect of somatic cell counts on ewes' milk protein profile and cheese-making properties in different sheep breeds reared in Spain. J DAIRY RES 2009; 76:210-5. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029909004002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bulk tank ewe's milks from Assaf, Castellana and Churra breeds categorized within three different Somatic Cell Count (SCC) groups (LSCC: <500 000; MSCC: 1 000 000 to 1 500 000; and HSCC: 2 500 000 to 3 000 000 cells ml−1) were used to investigate changes in capillary electrophoresis protein profiles and cheese-making properties. The results do not reveal a significant effect of SCC on total casein contents, because the sum of β-caseins decreased as SCC increased; no statistically significant differences were observed for the sum of α-caseins, and the values of κ-casein were higher in the HSCC milk. However, the soluble proteins other than α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin increased with SCC. Regarding the effect of breed, the Assaf breed had the lowest contents of κ-CN, αs1-I-CN, αs1-II-CN 1-CN, αs1-III-CN, β1-CN and β2-CN. The protein profile was significantly correlated with curd textural properties. αs1-I-CN was the most influential variant because it was positively correlated with a large number of textural parameters. Cheese yield was positively correlated with all casein variants except αs1-III-CN, showing that the milk from local breeds were more suitable for cheese-making due to their higher contents of all the casein variants. Regarding curd texture properties LSCC milk curds showed more cohesiveness, associated with its lower content of αs1-III-CN and Castellana milk curds showed the highest values for firmness owing to their higher content of αs1-I-CN.
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NAJAFI MASOUDNAJAF, MORTAZAVI SEYEDALI, KOOCHEKI ARASH, KHORAMI JAFAR, REKIK BOULBABA. Fat and protein contents, acidity and somatic cell counts in bulk milk of Holstein cows in the Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2008.00451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Moatsou G, Katsaros G, Bakopanos C, Kandarakis I, Taoukis P, Politis I. Effect of high-pressure treatment at various temperatures on activity of indigenous proteolytic enzymes and denaturation of whey proteins in ovine milk. Int Dairy J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2008.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nunes G, Blagitz M, Freitas C, Souza F, Ricciardi M, Stricagnolo C, Sanches B, Azedo M, Sucupira M, Della Libera A. AVALIAÇÃO DE INDICADORES INFLAMATÓRIOS NO DIAGNÓSTICO DA MAMITE OVINA. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657v75p2712008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar diferentes indicadores inflamatórios no diagnóstico da mamite em ovinos da raça Santa Inês. Após a realização do exame físico das mamas e a prova de fundo escuro, foram coletadas e analisadas 390 amostras de leite, sendo as metades mamárias divididas de acordo com o exame bacteriológico e a prova de fundo escuro, resultando em 290 amostras negativas em ambos os exames, 90 amostras negativas à prova de fundo escuro e positivas na cultura bacteriológica, 5 amostras positivas à prova de fundo escuro e negativas ao exame bacteriológico e 3 amostras positivas em ambos os testes. Nestas amostras foram realizadas a contagem automática de células somáticas (CCS), o California Mastitis Test (CMT), a determinação da concentração hidrogeniônica (pH) e dos teores de cloreto e lactose, e ainda a avaliação do índice de cloreto-lactose. Os maiores valores preditivos foram observados para a CCS, CMT e teor de cloreto; o pH, o teor de lactose e o índice cloreto-lactose apresentaram-se como marcadores inflamatórios menos sensíveis, onde se considerou o resultado da cultura bacteriológica como padrão ouro. O exame físico não se mostrou como método diagnóstico seguro quando utilizado isoladamente, exaltando a importância da associação de outros meios diagnósticos indiretos.
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Castillo V, Such X, Caja G, Casals R, Albanell E, Salama A. Effect of Milking Interval on Milk Secretion and Mammary Tight Junction Permeability in Dairy Ewes. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:2610-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Role of the plasminogen activation system in extracellular matrix degradation processes in normal or pathological conditions in sheep. Small Rumin Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2007.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Caroprese M, Marzano A, Schena L, Marino R, Santillo A, Albenzio M. Contribution of macrophages to proteolysis and plasmin activity in ewe bulk milk. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:2767-72. [PMID: 17517716 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2006-691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A total of 225 bulk sheep milk samples were collected from 5 intensively managed flocks during early, mid, and late lactation to assess the contribution of macrophages to the regulation of the plasmin-plasminogen system. Samples were analyzed for composition, somatic cell counts, milk renneting characteristics, and for plasmin (PL), plasminogen (PG), and plasminogen activators (PA) activities. Isolation of macrophages from milk was performed using a magnetic positive separation and mouse antiovine macrophage antibody; separated cells were lysed by several freeze-thaw cycles, and activity of urokinase PA (u-PA) was determined. Plasmin activity decreased during lactation (42.06 +/- 0.66, early; 31.29 +/- 0.66, mid; 28.19 +/- 0.66 U/mL, late). The reduction in PL activity recorded in the mid and late lactation milk matched the increase in PG:PL ratio. The activity of PA increased throughout lactation; the highest value being recorded in the late lactation milk (260.20 +/- 8.66 U/mL). Counts of isolated and concentrated macrophages were higher in early and mid lactation milk (3.89 +/- 0.08 and 3.98 +/- 0.08 log10 cells/mL, respectively) than in late lactation milk (3.42 +/- 0.08 log10 cells/mL). Stage of lactation did not influence the activity of u-PA detected in isolated macrophages. The activity of u-PA associated with isolated milk macrophages only minimally contributed to total PA activity detected in milk. Proteolytic enzymes, associated with isolated macrophages, act on alpha-casein hydrolysis, as shown by urea-PAGE electrophoresis analysis. Somatic cell counts did not exceed 600,000 cells/mL, and this threshold can be considered a good index of health status of the flock and of the ability of milk to being processed. Our results lend support to the hypothesis that macrophages in ewe bulk milk from healthy flocks only slightly contribute to the activation of the PL-PG system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Caroprese
- Dipartimento PRIME and Istituto per la Ricerca e le Applicazioni Biotecnologiche per la Sicurezza e la Valorizzazione dei Prodotti Tipici e di Qualità (BIOAGROMED), Università di Foggia, 71100, Italy
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Theodorou G, Kominakis A, Rogdakis E, Politis I. Factors Affecting the Plasmin-Plasminogen System in Milk Obtained from Three Greek Dairy Sheep Breeds with Major Differences in Milk Production Capacity. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:3263-9. [PMID: 17582110 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2006-780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of breed, stage of lactation, and health status of the udder on the plasmin-plasminogen system in ovine milk. A total of 38 ewes were used from 3 breeds [Boutsiko (n = 12), Chios (n = 12), and a synthetic breed (50% Boutsiko, 25% Arta, and 25% Chios, n = 14)] with major differences in their genetic potential with respect to milk yield. Milk samples were collected every 2 wk throughout the lactation period and were analyzed for fat, protein, lactose, and somatic cell count (SCC). In addition, milk plasmin (PL), plasminogen (PG), and plasminogen activator (PA) activities were determined. The Chios breed had the greatest average daily milk yield, the synthetic breed had an intermediate milk yield, and ewes of the Boutsiko breed had the lowest milk yield. Milk samples obtained from the Boutsiko breed had similar PL and PA activities, compared with those obtained from the other 2 breeds. The ratio of PG:PL was less in milk samples from the Boutsiko breed compared with the other 2 breeds, indicative of an increased rate of conversion of PG to PL for this breed. There was no correlation between PL activity and daily milk yield in ewes from all 3 breeds. Activities of PL, PG, and PA were greater in ovine milk with elevated SCC (>300,000/mL) compared with activities in milk with low SCC (<300,000/mL). The ratio of PG:PL was less in the high-SCC group compared with the low-SCC group, which indicates an increased rate of conversion of PG to PL for the high-SCC group. There was a decrease in PG and PA activities as well as in the PG:PL ratio in late lactation milk (mo 5 to 6) when compared with early or mid lactation milk (mo 1 to 4). Thus, the PL-PG system is affected by breed, stage of lactation, and the health status of the udder. No relationship was found between PL activity and daily milk yield in the 3 Greek dairy sheep breeds. Plasmin is not a marker for gradual involution in the Greek sheep breeds studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Theodorou
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Pirisi A, Lauret A, Dubeuf J. Basic and incentive payments for goat and sheep milk in relation to quality. Small Rumin Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Raynal-Ljutovac K, Pirisi A, de Crémoux R, Gonzalo C. Somatic cells of goat and sheep milk: Analytical, sanitary, productive and technological aspects. Small Rumin Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Pulina G, Nudda A, Battacone G, Cannas A. Effects of nutrition on the contents of fat, protein, somatic cells, aromatic compounds, and undesirable substances in sheep milk. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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