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Gerton JL. A working model for the formation of Robertsonian chromosomes. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261912. [PMID: 38606789 PMCID: PMC11057876 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Robertsonian chromosomes form by fusion of two chromosomes that have centromeres located near their ends, known as acrocentric or telocentric chromosomes. This fusion creates a new metacentric chromosome and is a major mechanism of karyotype evolution and speciation. Robertsonian chromosomes are common in nature and were first described in grasshoppers by the zoologist W. R. B. Robertson more than 100 years ago. They have since been observed in many species, including catfish, sheep, butterflies, bats, bovids, rodents and humans, and are the most common chromosomal change in mammals. Robertsonian translocations are particularly rampant in the house mouse, Mus musculus domesticus, where they exhibit meiotic drive and create reproductive isolation. Recent progress has been made in understanding how Robertsonian chromosomes form in the human genome, highlighting some of the fundamental principles of how and why these types of fusion events occur so frequently. Consequences of these fusions include infertility and Down's syndrome. In this Hypothesis, I postulate that the conditions that allow these fusions to form are threefold: (1) sequence homology on non-homologous chromosomes, often in the form of repetitive DNA; (2) recombination initiation during meiosis; and (3) physical proximity of the homologous sequences in three-dimensional space. This Hypothesis highlights the latest progress in understanding human Robertsonian translocations within the context of the broader literature on Robertsonian chromosomes.
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Dai X, Bian P, Hu D, Luo F, Huang Y, Jiao S, Wang X, Gong M, Li R, Cai Y, Wen J, Yang Q, Deng W, Nanaei HA, Wang Y, Wang F, Zhang Z, Rosen BD, Heller R, Jiang Y. A Chinese indicine pangenome reveals a wealth of novel structural variants introgressed from other Bos species. Genome Res 2023; 33:1284-1298. [PMID: 37714713 PMCID: PMC10547261 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277481.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Chinese indicine cattle harbor a much higher genetic diversity compared with other domestic cattle, but their genome architecture remains uninvestigated. Using PacBio HiFi sequencing data from 10 Chinese indicine cattle across southern China, we assembled 20 high-quality partially phased genomes and integrated them into a multiassembly graph containing 148.5 Mb (5.6%) of novel sequence. We identified 156,009 high-confidence nonredundant structural variants (SVs) and 206 SV hotspots spanning ∼195 Mb of gene-rich sequence. We detected 34,249 archaic introgressed fragments in Chinese indicine cattle covering 1.93 Gb (73.3%) of the genome. We inferred an average of 3.8%, 3.2%, 1.4%, and 0.5% of introgressed sequence originating, respectively, from banteng-like, kouprey-like, gayal-like, and gaur-like Bos species, as well as 0.6% of unknown origin. Introgression from multiple donors might have contributed to the genetic diversity of Chinese indicine cattle. Altogether, this study highlights the contribution of interspecies introgression to the genomic architecture of an important livestock population and shows how exotic genomic elements can contribute to the genetic variation available for selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peipei Bian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dexiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Funong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yongzhen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shaohua Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xihong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mian Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ran Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yudong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiayue Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qimeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weidong Deng
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hojjat Asadollahpour Nanaei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1983969412, Iran
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Benjamin D Rosen
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Rasmus Heller
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Leonard AS, Crysnanto D, Fang ZH, Heaton MP, Vander Ley BL, Herrera C, Bollwein H, Bickhart DM, Kuhn KL, Smith TPL, Rosen BD, Pausch H. Structural variant-based pangenome construction has low sensitivity to variability of haplotype-resolved bovine assemblies. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3012. [PMID: 35641504 PMCID: PMC9156671 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advantages of pangenomes over linear reference assemblies for genome research have recently been established. However, potential effects of sequence platform and assembly approach, or of combining assemblies created by different approaches, on pangenome construction have not been investigated. Here we generate haplotype-resolved assemblies from the offspring of three bovine trios representing increasing levels of heterozygosity that each demonstrate a substantial improvement in contiguity, completeness, and accuracy over the current Bos taurus reference genome. Diploid coverage as low as 20x for HiFi or 60x for ONT is sufficient to produce two haplotype-resolved assemblies meeting standards set by the Vertebrate Genomes Project. Structural variant-based pangenomes created from the haplotype-resolved assemblies demonstrate significant consensus regardless of sequence platform, assembler algorithm, or coverage. Inspecting pangenome topologies identifies 90 thousand structural variants including 931 overlapping with coding sequences; this approach reveals variants affecting QRICH2, PRDM9, HSPA1A, TAS2R46, and GC that have potential to affect phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Leonard
- Animal Genomics, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Danang Crysnanto
- Animal Genomics, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zih-Hua Fang
- Animal Genomics, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael P Heaton
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA-ARS, 844 Road 313, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - Brian L Vander Ley
- Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Carolina Herrera
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Department for Farm Animals, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Bollwein
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Department for Farm Animals, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Derek M Bickhart
- Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1925 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kristen L Kuhn
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA-ARS, 844 Road 313, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - Timothy P L Smith
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA-ARS, 844 Road 313, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - Benjamin D Rosen
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Hubert Pausch
- Animal Genomics, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Qu KX, He ZX, Nie WH, Zhang JC, Jin XD, Yang GR, Yuan XP, Huang BZ, Zhang YP, Zan LS. Karyotype analysis of mithun (Bos frontalis) and mithun bull x Brahman cow hybrids. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2012; 11:131-40. [DOI: 10.4238/2012.january.19.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gomontean B, Tanomtong A, Kakampuy W, Chaveerach A. A Novel Robertsonian Translocation [57,rob(1/29)(4/28)] and Polymorphism of Nucleolar Organizer Regions (NORs) of Captive Thai Banteng (Bos javanicus birmanicus). CYTOLOGIA 2009. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.74.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wanpen Kakampuy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University
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Christensen K, Agerholm JS, Larsen B. Dairy breed bull with complex chromosome translocation: fertility and linkage studies. Hereditas 2008; 117:199-202. [PMID: 1295846 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1992.tb00014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A chromosome study was performed on the offspring of an American Brown Swiss bull, which was carrier of a complex chromosome translocation. A total of 10 phenotypically normal calves were examined and a similar complex translocation was detected in five calves. The translocation involved identifiable parts of chromosome number one and eight. Furthermore, the terminal band of chromosome one had been translocated to an unidentified chromosome. One of the calves also carried a 1/29 centric fusion chromosome. Pedigree and chromosome analysis showed that the centric fusion originated from another American Brown Swiss bull. A linkage study was performed and an indication of linkage between the Z blood group system and the complex translocation was found. The fertility of the bull was studied, and it was found to have a severely reduced fertility mainly due to an increased rate of early embryonic mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Christensen
- Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Gary F, Concordet D, Berland HM, Berthelot X, Darré R. Does the Robertsonian translocation affect the fertility of Blonde d'Aquitaine breed bulls? Theriogenology 1991; 36:419-25. [PMID: 16727013 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(91)90470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/1990] [Accepted: 06/30/1991] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the 1/29 translocation upon male fertility were studied by analysis of the results of 1,350,385 first artificial inseminations with the semen of Blonde d'Aquitaine or Coopelso-93 bulls (n=220). A binomial logit model was designed, taking into account the translocation of sire, breed of sire, breed of dam, year, AI center, and all interactions between translocation, and breed of sire, and breed of dam. Male fertility was not affected by the 1/29 translocation, and the nonreturn rates at 60 to 90 days of Blonde d'Aquitaine females inseminated with the semen of carrier bulls (135,632 first AI) or noncarrier bulls (585,949 first AI) were 74.88% and 74.75%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gary
- Département des Productions Animales, Laboratoire INRA de cytogénétique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23, chemin des Capelles, F31076 Toulouse Cedex, France
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Maurer RR, Vogt DW. Decreased fertility in related females heterozygous for the chromosome translocation. Theriogenology 1988; 30:1149-57. [PMID: 17087904 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(88)90290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/1988] [Accepted: 10/06/1988] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Eighteen heifers and 120 cows which were descendants of a presumed 1/29 carrier Simmental bull were karotyped. Nine heifers (50%) and 48 cows (40%) were found to be heterozygous for the 1/29 translocation (59, XX, t(1q;29q)). The other animals were chromosomally normal (i.e., 60, XX) or not karotyped. The 48 1/29 cows were compared with 72 chromosomally normal cows with regards to days to first conception, calving interval, percentage of calves conceived, percentage of calves weaned and production efficiency (% calved conceived x % calved weaned). Nine carrier heifers were compared to the nine noncarrier heifers as to pregnancy status. Carrier, noncarrier and nonkarotyped relatives were compared to each other and to contemporary females with regard to pregnancy status at their initial exposure to males. The percentage of calves conceived (calving efficiency) in the 72 noncarrier and the 48 females heterozygous for the 1/29 translocation were 81.5 and 74.8%, respectively (P<0.07). Although days to first conception was longer and percentage of calves weaned and production efficiency were lower in the female heterozygous for the 1/29 translocation, the differences were not statistically different (P>0.10) from the noncarriers. Pregnancy rate was 44.4 and 66.7% (P>0.10) for nine carrier and nine noncarrier heifers, respectively. The pregnancy rate of carrier (65.4%), noncarrier (73.2%) and nonkarotyped (77.8%) relatives of this sire at their mating as yearlings, did not differ (P>0.10). The pregnancy rate as yearlings of carrier females (65.4%) and contemporary heifers (79.8%) did differ (P<0.05). Comparing the pregnancy rate as yearlings of all descendants (72.0%) of the Simmental sire to contemporary heifers (79.8%), a significant decrease (P<0.05) was found indicating that fertility of this sire may have been lower than other sires or that other factors beside the translocation affected fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Maurer
- USDA, ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
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10
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HONDT HA, El-NAHASS E, FATHY K. Cytogenetic studies on Egyptian native cattle and some of its crossbreds. J Anim Breed Genet 1988. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.1988.tb00312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Förster M. Verbesserung der Fruchtbarkeitskontrolle durch die Chromosomenanalyse. Reprod Domest Anim 1982. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.1982.tb01475.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Zwiauer D, Menken M, Stranzinger G, Dempfle L. Auswirkung einer Zentromerfusion auf Form- und Leistungsmerktnale beim Rind. Reprod Domest Anim 1980. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.1980.tb00492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
The distribution and effects of the 1/29 translocation in cattle, defined with chromosome banding techniques, are described. Findings in different parts of the world are reported, and the origin of the translocation in some cases is explained. Geographical distribution as known at present reflects the areas in which chromosome investigations have been carried out rather than the true distribution. It is not known whether the occurrence of the 1/29 translocation in different geographical areas and breeds is due to recurrent mutation or distribution of an ancient mutation, but many observations point to the latter. Although direct observations of an increased embryonic mortality are lacking, reduced fertility of males and females heterozygous for 1/29 is established. No correlations of the 1/29 translocation with other characteristics have been found, and variability in incidence between different populations is probably due to genetic drift. The importance in animal breeding of introducing eradication programs is emphasized, and it is stressed that cattle populations using artificial insemination should undergo routine cytogenetic investigations.
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