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Cruickshank KM, Hatew B, Gehman AM, Koenig KM, Ribeiro ES, McBride BW, Steele MA. The effect of supplementary selenium source on apparent and true absorption, retention, performance, and selenium status in lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:6211-6224. [PMID: 38460879 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace mineral for dairy cattle and can be provided in the diet in various forms that may differ in bioavailability. The objective of this study was to determine how source of Se affects animal performance, Se status, retention, and apparent and true absorption. Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 24; 597 ± 49 kg of BW) were blocked by DIM (161 ± 18) and randomly assigned to receive 0.3 mg Se/kg of DM (100% of National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine requirements) of either organic Se (ORG; selenized yeast) or inorganic Se (INO; sodium selenite). The Se premix was top dressed on a common TMR fed daily and mixed into the top 15 cm directly before feeding. Following an 11-wk adaptation period, cows received simultaneous infusions of an intraruminal isotope dose of 77Se in the same chemical form as the premix, and an intravenous dose of 82Se in an inorganic form. Infusions were followed by a 4-d period of blood and rumen fluid sampling, and total collection of feces, urine, and milk. Daily DMI (23 ± 0.6 kg), milk yield (35 ± 1.2 kg), and serum Se (0.11 ± 0.003 µg/g) were not different between treatments during the adaptation period, but milk Se concentrations were greater for ORG compared with INO. Serum 77Se maximum concentration and area under the curve (AUC) were not different between treatments for 72 h following infusion, but rumen fluid 77Se AUC was higher for ORG than INO. Apparent absorption (64% ± 1.4%), and retention (44% ± 1.5%) of the 77Se dose did not differ between treatments. True absorption was calculated using 82Se enrichment in serum and feces and was determined to be 69% ± 1.3% and did not differ between treatments. Fecal excretion of the 77Se dose was not different between treatments (36% ± 1.4%), but ORG had lower urinary excretion and higher milk excretion compared with INO. These results indicate that organic Se resulted in greater Se concentration of milk and lower urinary Se excretion into the environment, but absorption, Se status, and performance of the cow were not affected by Se source at this supplementation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Cruickshank
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - B Hatew
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3
| | | | - K M Koenig
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - E S Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - B W McBride
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - M A Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
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Goff JP. Invited review: Mineral absorption mechanisms, mineral interactions that affect acid-base and antioxidant status, and diet considerations to improve mineral status. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:2763-2813. [PMID: 29397180 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several minerals are required for life to exist. In animals, 7 elements (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl, and S) are required to be present in the diet in fairly large amounts (grams to tens of grams each day for the dairy cow) and are termed macrominerals. Several other elements are termed microminerals or trace minerals because they are required in much smaller amounts (milligrams to micrograms each day). In most cases the mineral in the diet must be absorbed across the gastrointestinal mucosa and enter the blood if it is to be of value to the animal. The bulk of this review discusses the paracellular and transcellular mechanisms used by the gastrointestinal tract to absorb each of the various minerals needed. Unfortunately, particularly in ruminants, interactions between minerals and other substances within the diet can occur within the digestive tract that impair mineral absorption. The attributes of organic or chelated minerals that might permit diet minerals to circumvent factors that inhibit absorption of more traditional inorganic forms of these minerals are discussed. Once absorbed, minerals are used in many ways. One focus of this review is the effect macrominerals have on the acid-base status of the animal. Manipulation of dietary cation and anion content is commonly used as a tool in the dry period and during lactation to improve performance. A section on how the strong ion theory can be used to understand these effects is included. Many microminerals play a role in the body as cofactors of enzymes involved in controlling free radicals within the body and are vital to antioxidant capabilities. Those same minerals, when consumed in excess, can become pro-oxidants in the body, generating destructive free radicals. Complex interactions between minerals can compromise the effectiveness of a diet in promoting health and productivity of the cow. The objective of this review is to provide insight into some of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse P Goff
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
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A role for Sel-Plex™, a source of organic selenium in selenised yeast cell wall protein, as a factor that influences meat stability. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/jan.2016.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SummarySelenium is an important mineral required in the antioxidant system in animals, which is involved with oxidative stability in tissues, particularly membranes, and is involved in various aspects of meat quality and stability on the shelf, due to its protective properties on lipids, preventing rancidity. Se can be supplied in an inorganic or chemically organic form, and it is well known that the latter has beneficial properties and improved functionality in physiological systems compared to the former. Research has shown that organic Se is associated with increased tenderness and the prevention of certain problems in pale exudative meat, discolouration and off-flavours and odours in meat, although this depends on other components of the antioxidant system, such as vitamin E, being present as well. The change in prominence of glutathione peroxidase forms in their interaction with vitamin E in cell membranes is also noted. The following review (the third in a series) details the research that has been conducted into the role of Se in meat stability and related factors, with specific focus on organic forms of Se, namely the commercial product Sel-Plex™ (Alltech Inc, Nicholasville, KY, USA), which is derived from yeast and in which selenium replaces sulphur in methionine forming selenomethionine in yeast protein.
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Knowles SO, Grace ND. The vitamin B 12 and Se status of lambs during their transition from milk-fed monogastric to grazing herbivore. N Z Vet J 2016; 65:113-118. [PMID: 27788617 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2016.1252701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To estimate how the lamb's transition from a monogastric at birth to a grazing ruminant at weaning affects its dietary intake of trace nutrients from milk and pasture, and to determine whether its vitamin B12 and Se status changes during that period. METHODS We reviewed published reports of field trials in New Zealand where flocks were managed on mixed sward pastures without additional supplements. Information on intakes of milk and pasture was drawn from studies of suckling lambs grazing with ewes for up to 20 weeks. We calculated the quantities of vitamin B12, Co and Se ingested and absorbed by lambs between birth and weaning. Trace nutrient status was based on concentrations of vitamin B12 in serum and Se in blood. Six studies met our inclusion criteria regarding age of lambs, supplementation and sampling frequency. In each, blood had been collected at regular intervals from birth to weaning. Changes over time in concentrations of vitamin B12 and Se were analysed using regression procedures. RESULTS Estimated Se intake increased from approximately 5 µg/day near birth to 25 µg/day near weaning, but Se absorbed was less variable, being approximately 10 µg/day. Estimated vitamin B12 intake near birth was approximately 8 µg/day and increased to 90 µg/day by weaning, with the amount being absorbed increasing from 0.8 to 9 µg/day. Concentrations of trace elements in unsupplemented lambs among the six studies varied from deficient to adequate. Linear regressions indicated that there was little change in concentrations of vitamin B12 and Se between birth and weaning in four studies (p>0.05), and mean concentrations measured at docking did not differ from those at weaning in four studies where this could be assessed (p>0.1). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE From newborn to weaned, a lamb's physiology develops from monogastric to ruminant. The change in diet from milk to pasture presents markedly different chemical forms and concentrations of some trace nutrients. Despite this, the vitamin B12 and Se status of the unsupplemented lambs in these studies changed little during their transition period. This finding supports early monitoring of lambs' trace element status. If a trace element deficiency is detected in lambs at or before docking, then administering supplements may be appropriate. If status is found to be adequate, then it will likely remain so until weaning, at which time the animals' trace element status should be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Knowles
- a Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-based Products Group , AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre , Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442 , New Zealand
| | - N D Grace
- b 26 Williams Road, RD 4, Palmerston North 4474 , New Zealand
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Dias RS, Montanholi YR, Lopez S, Smith B, Miller SP, France J. Utilization of macrominerals and trace elements in pregnant heifers with distinct feed efficiencies. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5413-5421. [PMID: 27108170 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate utilization of dietary minerals and trace elements in pregnant heifers with distinct residual feed intakes (RFI). Feed intake, body weight (BW), and body composition traits were recorded in 36 crossbred heifers over a period of 37 wk, starting shortly after weaning at 8.3 (0.10; standard deviation) mo of age with an average BW of 276 (7.8) kg. Both BW and body composition were monitored regularly throughout the study, whereas individual feed intake was assessed during the last 84 d of the trial. Data recorded were used to calculate RFI for each heifer. Heifers were ranked based on RFI and assigned to high (n=14) or low (n=10) RFI groups. After the RFI study, 24 selected heifers [age 18.2 (0.14) mo; 87.5 (4.74) d in gestation; 497 (8.5) kg of BW] were used in an indirect digestibility trial (lignin as internal marker). Heifers were fed a ration containing corn silage, haylage, and a mineral premix in which Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, Zn, and Co were provided in the diet according to National Research Council requirements of pregnant replacement heifers. The digestibility trial lasted 1 wk, during which samples of feces were gathered twice daily, and blood and liver biopsy samples were collected on the last day. We noted no significant differences between low- and high-RFI heifers in dry matter digestibility. Apparent absorption of Cu, Zn, and Mn was increased in heifers with low RFI, and apparent absorption of Co tended to be greater for these animals. Concentrations of macrominerals and trace elements in serum of pregnant heifers were similar for both groups except for Se, which was increased in the serum of low-RFI heifers. Liver concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn did not differ between low- and high-RFI heifers. In conclusion, whereas improved absorption of some trace elements (Cu, Zn, Mn, and Co) and increased Se serum concentration appear to be associated with superior feed efficiency in pregnant heifers, further studies are needed to investigate the causality of such relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Dias
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
| | - Y R Montanholi
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, ON, Canada; Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro B2N 5E3, NS, Canada
| | - S Lopez
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (IGM) CSIC-Universidad de León, Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, E-24071 León, Spain.
| | - B Smith
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, ON, Canada; Monsanto, Headingley, R3T 6E3, MB, Canada
| | - S P Miller
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, ON, Canada; Invermay Agricultural Centre, AgResearch Limited, Mosgiel, 9053 New Zealand
| | - J France
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
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Sel-Plex™, a source of organic selenium in selenised yeast protein, as a factor that influences meat quality. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/jan.2016.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe storage and cooking quality of meat is dictated by the ability of muscle cells to effectively hold water. If this ability is diminished, then presentation at time of purchase is poorer, as the packaging fills with watery exudates (termed ‘drip loss’), which is detrimental to sales. In addition, these losses affect cooking and eating sensory qualities. It is known that antioxidants play a major role in ensuring robustness of the cell membrane in muscle, and within this, selenium (Se) plays a major part, being an essential component within an antioxidant enzyme system and its interaction with vitamin E within membranes. The following review examines the body of evidence for Se as an antioxidant to preserve water holding capacity, especially with reference to using a chemically organic form of the mineral which is akin to those forms found in natural feed materials.
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Cun GS, Robinson PH, Benes SE. Bioavailability of selenium in 'Jose' tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum var 'Jose') hay as a substitute for sodium selenite in the diets of dairy cattle. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 518-519:159-167. [PMID: 25747375 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to its potential toxicity to wildlife, selenium (Se) is a highly regulated trace element in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California. Tall wheatgrass (TWG) is a Se-accumulating, salt tolerant forage suitable for cropping systems which re-use agricultural drainage waters. Utilization of TWG hay as an alternative Se supplement for dairy cattle could reduce the importation of 'new' Se into the SJV in the form of sodium selenite (SS) diet supplements. Our study used Se-enriched (4.65 mg/kg DM) TWG hay as a Se source for lactating dairy cows and measured Se accumulation in milk, blood, urine and feces to assess its bioavailability using several indices. Using a 3×3 Latin Square design, three pens of ~310 cows each were fed a similar total mixed ration over 4 week periods, except for Se which was higher in TWG and SS diets (0.53 and 0.65 mg/kg DM) vs. Control diet (0.35 mg/kg DM). Feeding Se-enriched TWG increased blood Se by 6.4% over Control; whereas SS increased it by 4.8%, suggesting higher Se bioavailability for TWG vs. SS. Marginal Se outputs in milk, feces and urine were judged to be better indicators of bioavailability as they estimate Se specifically from supplemental SS or TWG hay. In milk, TWG cows expressed 3.0% of supplemented Se vs. 0.6% for SS cows, supporting higher Se bioavailability for TWG. In contrast, more supplemental Se was retained and not expressed in feces by the SS cows (72.5%) vs. TWG cows (55.1%) which suggested higher Se bioavailability for SS. Based on published guidelines, Se intakes were 'adequate' for cows in all treatment groups, but milk and fat production increased with Se supplementation suggesting that Control cows were Se-deficient to some extent. Collectively, results suggest that the Se in TWG hay had comparable bioavailability to Se in the base diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Cun
- Department of Plant Science, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA; Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - P H Robinson
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - S E Benes
- Department of Plant Science, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA
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Selenium retention in lambs fed diets supplemented with selenium from inorganic or organic sources. Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Grace ND, Ankenbauer-Perkins KL, Alexander AM, Marchant RM. Relationship between blood selenium concentration or glutathione peroxidase activity, and milk selenium concentrations in New Zealand dairy cows. N Z Vet J 2011; 49:24-8. [PMID: 16032158 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2001.36198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the relationships between blood selenium (Se) concentrations or glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px), and milk Se concentrations in dairy cows. METHODS Seventy-two Friesian dairy cows were either untreated or injected with 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg Se/kg liveweight as barium selenate (BaSeO4) formulations, resulting in 6 groups of animals with mean blood Se concentrations that varied from 212 to 2272 nmol/l. Milk samples were collected on Days 104 and 188, and blood samples were collected prior to treatment and on Days 41, 76, 104, 188, 244, and 292 after Se injection. RESULTS Significant quadratic relationships between blood Se and milk Se concentrations, as well as blood GSH-Px activity and milk Se concentrations, were evident at Days 104 and 188. Using combined data, these were represented by the equations: milk Se = 27.3 + 0.073 blood Se -0.00001 (blood Se)2; R2=0.79, p<0.005, and; milk Se = 34.8 + 4.99 GSH-Px -0.068 (GSHPx)2; R2=0.79, p<0.005. CONCLUSIONS The Se status of dairy cows can be assessed from milk Se concentrations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Bulk-tank milk Se concentrations could be evaluated as a method to assess the Se status of dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Grace
- AgResearch Grasslands, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Hefnawy AEG, Tórtora-Pérez J. The importance of selenium and the effects of its deficiency in animal health. Small Rumin Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Influence of dietary selenium and vitamin E on quality of veal. Meat Sci 2007; 76:495-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Revised: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wilde D. Influence of macro and micro minerals in the peri-parturient period on fertility in dairy cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2006; 96:240-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ivancic J, Weiss WP. Effect of dietary sulfur and selenium concentrations on selenium balance of lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2001; 84:225-32. [PMID: 11210037 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(01)74472-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dietary sulfate and selenium concentrations on selenium balance in dairy cows were investigated. Midlactation Holstein cows (n = 30) were fed diets containing either 0.1 or 0.3 mg of supplemental Se (from sodium selenate)/kg of dry matter and 0, 0.2, or 0.4% added S from a mix of calcium and magnesium sulfate in a factorial arrangement. The experiment lasted 112 d. Dry matter intake was linearly reduced with increasing S, but the effect was greater when 0.3 mg/kg of Se was fed (significant interaction). Treatment effects for yields of milk, milk fat, and milk protein were similar to those for dry matter intake. Increased dietary S linearly reduced plasma Se concentrations. Increasing dietary S linearly reduced apparent (42.7, 33.1, and 30.1%) and estimated true (50.5, 46.0, and 42.3%) Se digestibility. Excretion of Se via feces (1.6 vs. 2.8 mg/d) and urine (0.5 vs. 1.3 mg/d) was higher and output in milk (0.4 vs. 0.3 mg/d) was lower for cows fed 0.3 mg/kg of Se compared with 0.1 mg/kg, but no Se effect was found for estimated true Se digestibility. Dietary S from sulfate reduced Se balance especially when cows were fed diets with less than 0.3 mg of Se/kg of diet dry matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ivancic
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691, USA
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Gant RG, Sanchez W, Kincaid RL. Effect of anionic salts on selenium metabolism in nonlactating, pregnant dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1998; 81:1637-42. [PMID: 9684171 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(98)75731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this trial was to determine whether anionic salts in the diets of nonlactating, pregnant cows for 14 to 21 d prepartum affected measures of Se status. One of three dietary treatments (control, anionic salts, and anionic salts plus Se) was administered to 34 nonlactating, pregnant cows using a completely randomized design with repeated measures. The anionic salts were delivered via gelatin capsules that were administered orally in two equal amounts per day, and the Se (3 mg/d) was administered via an intraruminal bolus. The incidence of milk fever among cows was not significantly different across dietary treatments. The severity of hypocalcemia as indicated by concentrations of ionized Ca in serum collected < 2 h postpartum was significantly lessened by dietary anionic salts. Supplementation of anionic salts to the diet did not significantly affect serum Ca concentrations at either 7 d prepartum or 7 d postpartum. Anionic salts did not affect concentrations of Se in blood; however, Se supplementation of the diets of cows significantly increased postpartum concentrations of Se in serum. No treatment effects were detected for concentrations of Se in either serum or whole blood of newborn calves. In conclusion, these data indicate that diets supplemented with anionic salts for 14 to 21 d prepartum and the supplementation of diets with Se had independent effects on concentrations of minerals in blood. Thus, anionic salts administered to prevent milk fever without danger of significantly reducing the transfer of Se from the dam to the calf and without compromising the Se status of the cow when the anionic salts are limited to administration for 14 to 21 d before calving.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Gant
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6310, USA
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Serra AB, Serra SD, Shinchi K, Fujihara T. Bioavailability of rumen bacterial selenium in mice using tissue uptake technique. Biol Trace Elem Res 1997; 58:255-61. [PMID: 9403136 DOI: 10.1007/bf02917475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A tissue uptake experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability of rumen bacterial Selenium (Se) in mice. The donor animal was wether fed a diet containing 0.2 mg Se/kg dietary dry matter (DM). Ruminal fluid was collected 2 h postprandially. Bacterial-rich precipitate was obtained by differential centrifugation of the ruminal fluids. This was later freeze-dried and mixed in the diet to be used in feeding the mice experiment. Thirty growing female mice with a body wt (mean +/- SD) of 21.4 +/- 0.74 g were housed in plastic cages (5 mice/cage) and allotted equally to three dietary treatments. Diet 1 and Diet 2 were formulated based on AIN-76, except that no Se supplementation in the form of selenite was made in the former. In Diet 3, rumen bacterial matter was 20% of the diet, which gave an equivalent of 0.1 mg Se/kg dietary DM. The other two diets, Diet 1 and Diet 2, had an Se content of 0.025 and 0.1 mg/kg dietary DM, respectively. A 7-d feeding commenced after 7 d of acclimatization of the semipurified diet. Results showed that those mice fed an Se- (selenite) supplemented diet (Diet 2) had higher (P < 0.05) tissue Se concentrations than those mice fed the other two diets. No statistical differences were observed on various tissue Se concentrations between Diet 1 and Diet 3, although the latter diet had higher values. Kidney and liver had the highest Se concentrations compared to the other tissues. This study concludes that bacterial Se collected from the rumen of wether is not fully available for absorption in the intestine of the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Serra
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Japan
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Stowe HD, Thomas JW, Johnson T, Marteniuk JV, Morrow DA, Ullrey DE. Responses of dairy cattle to long-term and short-term supplementation with oral selenium and vitamin E1. J Dairy Sci 1988; 71:1830-9. [PMID: 3410991 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(88)79752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In a two-lactation-gestation cycle experiment, 152 Holstein cows with low serum Se and vitamin E were fed total mixed rations and assigned at parturition to four groups (1, control; 2, 500 IU vitamin E/d; 3, 2 mg Se/d; 4, 500 IU vitamin E plus 2 mg Se/d). Supplements were not fed during dry periods. Serum Se and vitamin E were increased within 1 mo by oral supplements. Maximal mean serum Se in cycles 1 (67 ng/ml at 7 mo) and 2 (74 ng/ml at 4 mo) occurred in groups 3 and 4, respectively. Maximal mean serum vitamin E in cycle 1 (3.3 micrograms/ml at mo 8) and 2 (3.03 micrograms/ml at mo 2) occurred in groups 4 and 2, respectively. Selenium treatment of the dams increased Se in colostrum and in serum of presuckle calves. Vitamin E supplementation of dams did not affect vitamin E in serum of presuckled calves. Reproductive performance was not affected by supplement. In an 8-wk study, 24 lactating cows with low serum Se were assigned (6/group) to 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg supplemental Se/d. Maximal mean serum Se concentrations of 23, 56, 71, and 79 ng/ml were attained by wk 4 in the above respective groups. These data indicate that 2 to 2.5 mg supplemental Se/cow per d were inadequate for desirable serum Se concentrations and support recent changes in allowed Se supplementation for dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Stowe
- Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
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Abstract
Eleven nonlactating Holstein cows in late gestation were used to study the effect of dietary calcium concentration on apparent selenium absorption. Digestion trials with total collection helped to estimate apparent absorption of specific nutrients. Mean daily selenium intake ranged from 900 to 1700 micrograms per day. Regression analysis indicated apparent selenium absorption was maximum when dietary calcium was .8% of dry matter intake. Amounts of dietary calcium less or greater than .8% of dry matter intake reduced apparent selenium absorption. Dietary calcium quantitatively affected apparent selenium absorption in amounts of nutritional significance when selenium was provided from natural feedstuffs.
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