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Mahmmod YS, Nonnemann B, Svennesen L, Pedersen K, Klaas IC. Typeability of MALDI-TOF assay for identification of non-aureus staphylococci associated with bovine intramammary infections and teat apex colonization. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:9430-9438. [PMID: 30100507 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF), a culture-dependent assay, has recently been implemented for routine identification of non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) species from milk, but the assay has never been investigated for NAS from nonmilk or environmental samples. The objective of this study was to evaluate the typeability of the MALDI-TOF assay for the identification and differentiation of bovine-associated NAS species on aseptically collected quarter milk and teat skin samples in dairy herds. In 8 herds, 14 to 20 cows with elevated somatic cell count were randomly selected for teat skin swabs and foremilk samples from right hind and left front quarters. Teat skin swabs and milk samples were collected aseptically for preliminary identification using bacterial culture on chromogenic and calf blood agars. Colonies from milk and teat skin samples with suspicion of having NAS were identified to species-level by MALDI-TOF assay. Out of 511 isolates from 284 quarters (142 cows), 78% (n = 399) were identified by MALDI-TOF. The percentage of correctly identified NAS from milk (91%, 105/115) using MALDI-TOF was higher than the percentage from teat skin (68%, 268/396). Out of the identified isolates, 93% (n = 373) were successfully identified as NAS, whereas the remaining 26 (7%) were shown to be other bacterial species. Out of 26 NAS isolates, 1 originated from milk (Corynebacterium stationis), whereas 25 originated from teat skin representing Aerococcus viridans (n = 7), Bacillus pumilus (n = 13), Enterococcus saccharolyticus (n = 1), Clostridium septicum (n = 1), Corynebacterium stationis (n = 2), and Corynebacterium casei (n = 1). The MALDI-TOF identified 85 (98/115) and 62% (245/396) of the isolates in the first test. Isolates that were not identified to species-level at first test were subjected to a second test, and 47 (8/17) and 32% (48/151) from milk and teat skin, respectively, were identified. After 2 rounds of MALDI-TOF, 22% (n = 112) of the isolates were not identified, representing 103 from teat skin and 9 from milk. Eighteen isolates without identification by MALDI-TOF were successfully identified to species-level using sequencing, where 16 were correctly identified as NAS, whereas the other 2 were Corynebacterium stationis. In conclusion, MALDI-TOF is a reliable assay for identification and typeability of NAS species from aseptically collected quarter milk samples. The assay may be used for identification of NAS species from teat skin swabs. However, confirmation using nucleic acid-based tools is vital for accurate species identification of some species and strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser S Mahmmod
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511-Zagazig, Sharkia Province, Egypt.
| | - Bettina Nonnemann
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Line Svennesen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Karl Pedersen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ilka Christine Klaas
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Sousa M, Silva N, Igrejas G, Sargo R, Benito D, Gómez P, Lozano C, Manageiro V, Torres C, Caniça M, Poeta P. Genetic Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance Among Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Recovered from Birds of Prey in Portugal. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 22:727-730. [PMID: 26990729 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild animal populations in contact with antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistant bacteria that are daily released into the environment are able to become unintentional hosts of these resistant microorganisms. To clarify this issue, our study evaluated the presence of antibiotic resistance determinants on coagulase-negative staphylococci recovered from birds of prey and studied their genetic relatedness by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The unusual vga(A) and erm(T) genes, which confer resistance to clindamycin and erythromycin, respectively, were detected in Staphylococcus sciuri or Staphylococcus xylosus strains and the tet(K) gene in Staphylococcus kloosii. The PFGE patterns showed that three S. xylosus (isolated of Strix aluco and Otus scops) and two S. sciuri (recovered from Strix aluco and Milvus migrans) were clonally indistinguishable. These animals could be a source of unusual antimicrobial resistance determinants for highly used antibiotics in veterinary clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Sousa
- 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD) , Vila Real, Portugal .,2 Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real, Portugal .,3 Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real, Portugal .,4 Department of Food and Agriculture (FCEAI), Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, University of La Rioja (UR) , Logroño, Spain .,5 National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AR-HAI), National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (NIH) , Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Silva
- 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD) , Vila Real, Portugal .,2 Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real, Portugal .,6 Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Scotland, UK
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- 3 Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real, Portugal .,7 Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real, Portugal .,8 UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon , Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Roberto Sargo
- 9 Wild Birds' Recovering Center (CRAS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Daniel Benito
- 4 Department of Food and Agriculture (FCEAI), Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, University of La Rioja (UR) , Logroño, Spain
| | - Paula Gómez
- 4 Department of Food and Agriculture (FCEAI), Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, University of La Rioja (UR) , Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- 4 Department of Food and Agriculture (FCEAI), Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, University of La Rioja (UR) , Logroño, Spain
| | - Vera Manageiro
- 5 National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AR-HAI), National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (NIH) , Lisboa, Portugal .,10 Centre for the Study of Animal Sciences (CECA/ICETA), University of Oporto , Oporto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Torres
- 4 Department of Food and Agriculture (FCEAI), Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, University of La Rioja (UR) , Logroño, Spain
| | - Manuela Caniça
- 5 National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AR-HAI), National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (NIH) , Lisboa, Portugal .,10 Centre for the Study of Animal Sciences (CECA/ICETA), University of Oporto , Oporto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD) , Vila Real, Portugal .,8 UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon , Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
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Vanderhaeghen W, Piepers S, Leroy F, Van Coillie E, Haesebrouck F, De Vliegher S. Identification, typing, ecology and epidemiology of coagulase negative staphylococci associated with ruminants. Vet J 2014; 203:44-51. [PMID: 25467994 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Since phenotypic methods to identify coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) from the milk of ruminants often yield unreliable results, methods for molecular identification based on gene sequencing or fingerprinting techniques have been developed. In addition to culture-based detection of isolates, culture-independent methods may be of interest. On the basis of molecular studies, the five CNS species commonly causing intramammary infections (IMI) are Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus simulans and Staphylococcus xylosus. Current knowledge suggests that S. chromogenes is a bovine-adapted species, with most cases of IMI due to this bacterium being opportunistic. S. haemolyticus also appears to be an opportunistic pathogen, but this bacterium occupies a variety of habitats, the importance of which as a source of IMI remains to be elucidated. S. xylosus appears to be a versatile species, but little is known of its epidemiology. S. epidermidis is considered to be a human-adapted species and most cases of IMI appear to arise from human sources, but the organism is capable of residing in other habitats. S. simulans typically causes contagious IMI, but opportunistic cases also occur and the ecology of this bacterium requires further study. Further studies of the ecology and epidemiology of CNS as a cause of IMI in cattle are required, along with careful attention to classification of these bacteria and the diseases they cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannes Vanderhaeghen
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Sofie Piepers
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Leroy
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Els Van Coillie
- Technology and Food Science Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sarne De Vliegher
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Dahms C, Hübner NO, Wilke F, Kramer A. Mini-review: Epidemiology and zoonotic potential of multiresistant bacteria and Clostridium difficile in livestock and food. GMS HYGIENE AND INFECTION CONTROL 2014; 9:Doc21. [PMID: 25285265 PMCID: PMC4184042 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Information on the epidemiology of multiresistant bacteria (MRB) with zoonotic potential is growing but still remains quite incomplete. This narrative mini-review provides a general overview of the epidemiology of the most important zoonotic MRB in cattle, swine and poultry in Europe. METHODS A literature search was conducted mainly on the PubMed website including articles published until April 2012. RESULTS Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) especially poses a zoonotic risk to people working in close contact with livestock. These people may become carriers themselves and the hazard of transmission into health-care facilities needs surveillance. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing bacteria are widely spread in both humans and livestock, sharing similar genotypes, especially of the CTX-M-group, which makes a zoonotic transfer very likely. Identical strains of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) were found both in humans and animals, after ingestion of animal strains transient colonization of the human gut may be possible. Only a few data are available on the transmission of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) between humans and animals. Direct contact to colonized animals may be a risk factor as well as the exchange of resistance genes between human and animal staphylococci. Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) ribotype 078 emerges in livestock and humans and a zoonotic transmission seems probable as genotypes and diseases resemble each other. CONCLUSION All discussed MRB and C. difficile are important nosocomial agents which also occur in livestock and were found in foods of animal origin. Further analysis is needed to reveal the exact transmission routes and to perform a reliable risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Dahms
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nils-Olaf Hübner
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Medical Diagnostics (IMD), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Wilke
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Axel Kramer
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
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