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Leite R, Gonçalves J, Buanz A, Febraro C, Craig D, Van Winden S, Good L, Santos M. Antimicrobial activity of polyhexamethylene biguanide nanoparticles against mastitis-causing Staphylococcus aureus. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:262-265. [PMID: 36338383 PMCID: PMC9623792 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2021-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Postmilking teat disinfection is one of the main measures used to prevent mastitis caused by contagious pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus. The present study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and PHMB nanoparticles (NP) against mastitis-causing Staph. aureus using a microdilution assay methodology. A total of 20 mastitis-causing Staph. aureus isolates were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of PHMB and PHMB NP compared with 3 disinfectants commonly used for teat disinfection (chlorhexidine digluconate, povidone-iodine, and sodium dichloroisocyanurate). The MIC90 was defined at the concentrations required to inhibit the growth of 90% of Staph. aureus. Our results indicated that PHMB NP presented the lowest MIC value (<0.03 µg/mL) to inhibit 90% of Staph. aureus, followed by chlorhexidine digluconate (≥0.25 µg/mL) and PHMB (≥0.5 µg/mL). On the other hand, sodium dichloroisocyanurate (≥500 µg/mL) and povidone-iodine (≥8,000 µg/mL) presented the highest concentrations to inhibit the growth of most Staph. aureus. Our preliminary results suggested that both PHMB and PHMB NP have antimicrobial activity against mastitis-causing Staph. aureus, which indicates the potential for both to be used as a teat-dip disinfectant to prevent bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.F. Leite
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - J.L. Gonçalves
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - A. Buanz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - C. Febraro
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
| | - D. Craig
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - S. Van Winden
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
| | - L. Good
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
| | - M.V. Santos
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil, 13635-900
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Morrill K, Scillieri Smith J, Dann H, Gauthier H, Ballard C. Evaluation of powdered 0.5% chlorhexidine acetate-based postmilking teat dip compared with a foamed 1% iodine-based postmilking teat dip under cold weather conditions in northern New York. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:2507-2514. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Seasonal shifts in bacteria associated with Jersey cows on a small dairy farm and the potential for bedding choice and low levels of iodine use to inhibit mastitic pathogens. Prev Vet Med 2014; 113:614-9. [PMID: 24462193 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Milk products from small dairies are increasingly in demand, as access to pasture provides benefits to the cow, consumer, and environment. The productivity and profitability of small dairy farms particularly rely on the prevention of infectious diseases. Cattle on seasonal grazing dairies live primarily outdoors until inclement weather warrants relocation indoors. While shifts in the amounts of bacteria associated with livestock may be expected from this transition, potentially increasing risks for infectious diseases, changes in bacteria levels on cows relocated to indoor facilities have not been well-studied. In addition, the optimal use of bedding materials and iodine are critical in bovine infectious diseases prevention. However, the antibacterial potential of bedding material with high polyphenol content or low concentrations of iodine, are poorly understood. Cow teats were swabbed and total bacteria and coliform counts, as well as extracellular enzyme activities (EEA) were utilized to assess shifts in bacterial levels on cows at pasture and then housed indoors. To test the antibacterial efficacy of bedding materials, as well as low concentrations of povidone-iodine, growth curves with laboratory strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as S. aureus isolated from a dairy farm, were performed with three concentrations of red cedar shavings or iodine. Post hoc multiple comparisons indicated that total bacteria, coliform, and β-galactosidase activities were significantly greater among cows housed indoors compared to bacterial samples from cows at pasture. Laboratory strains of S. aureus, but not K. pneumoniae, were significantly inhibited by moderate and high treatments of red cedar shavings, while S. aureus isolated from a dairy were inhibited by the high treatment only. All low iodine concentrations significantly inhibited each bacterial strain investigated. These results may help optimize strategies for the prevention of infectious diseases of bovine udders critical to the productivity and profitability of small dairies.
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Gruet P, Maincent P, Berthelot X, Kaltsatos V. Bovine mastitis and intramammary drug delivery: review and perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2001; 50:245-59. [PMID: 11500230 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-409x(01)00160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Intramammary infections (IMIs) represent a major feature in bovine pathology. The treatment of IMIs concern antimicrobial substances. Therapeutic strategies involve administration of immediate release formulations during lactation with or without long-acting formulations during the dry period. Current treatments are not very successful and cure rates are poor, especially towards Staphylococcus aureus which is responsible for chronic infections and huge economic losses. New strategies have recently been investigated. These include particular immunomodulators like lysostaphin or cytokines, and novel formulations (e.g. liposomes, microparticles or nanoparticles) that allow uptake of the active component by phagocytes and thus prolong an enhanced antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gruet
- CEVA Sante Animale, Research and Development, BP126, F-33501 Libourne cedex, France.
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