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Picart T, Gautheron A, Caredda C, Ray C, Mahieu-Williame L, Montcel B, Guyotat J. Fluorescence-Guided Surgical Techniques in Adult Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas: State-of-the-Art and Emerging Techniques: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2698. [PMID: 39123426 PMCID: PMC11311317 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse low-grade gliomas are infiltrative tumors whose margins are not distinguishable from the adjacent healthy brain parenchyma. The aim was to precisely examine the results provided by the intraoperative use of macroscopic fluorescence in diffuse low-grade gliomas and to describe the new fluorescence-based techniques capable of guiding the resection of low-grade gliomas. Only about 20% and 50% of low-grade gliomas are macroscopically fluorescent after 5-amino-levulinic acid (5-ALA) or fluorescein sodium intake, respectively. However, 5-ALA is helpful for detecting anaplastic foci, and thus choosing the best biopsy targets in diffuse gliomas. Spectroscopic detection of 5-ALA-induced fluorescence can detect very low and non-macroscopically visible concentrations of protoporphyrin IX, a 5-ALA metabolite, and, consequently, has excellent performances for the detection of low-grade gliomas. Moreover, these tumors have a specific spectroscopic signature with two fluorescence emission peaks, which is useful for distinguishing them not only from healthy brain but also from high-grade gliomas. Confocal laser endomicroscopy can generate intraoperative optic biopsies, but its sensitivity remains limited. In the future, the coupled measurement of autofluorescence and induced fluorescence, and the introduction of fluorescence detection technologies providing a wider field of view could result in the development of operator-friendly tools implementable in the operative routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiebaud Picart
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Groupe Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
- Faculty of Medicine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69003 Lyon, France
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Arthur Gautheron
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France;
- CREATIS CNRS, Inserm, UMR 5220, U1294, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, 69100 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (C.R.); (L.M.-W.); (B.M.)
| | - Charly Caredda
- CREATIS CNRS, Inserm, UMR 5220, U1294, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, 69100 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (C.R.); (L.M.-W.); (B.M.)
| | - Cédric Ray
- CREATIS CNRS, Inserm, UMR 5220, U1294, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, 69100 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (C.R.); (L.M.-W.); (B.M.)
| | - Laurent Mahieu-Williame
- CREATIS CNRS, Inserm, UMR 5220, U1294, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, 69100 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (C.R.); (L.M.-W.); (B.M.)
| | - Bruno Montcel
- CREATIS CNRS, Inserm, UMR 5220, U1294, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, 69100 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (C.R.); (L.M.-W.); (B.M.)
| | - Jacques Guyotat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Groupe Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
- Faculty of Medicine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69003 Lyon, France
- CREATIS CNRS, Inserm, UMR 5220, U1294, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, 69100 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (C.R.); (L.M.-W.); (B.M.)
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2
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Pepper NB, Eich HT, Müther M, Oertel M, Rehn S, Spille DC, Stummer W. ALA-RDT in GBM: protocol of the phase I/II dose escalation trial of radiodynamic therapy with 5-Aminolevulinic acid in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Radiat Oncol 2024; 19:11. [PMID: 38254201 PMCID: PMC10804590 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-024-02408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite improvements in surgical as well as adjuvant therapies over the last decades, the prognosis for patients with glioblastoma remains poor. Five-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) induced porphyrins are already used for fluorescence-guided resection and as photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. New findings reveal their potential use as sensitizing agents in combination with ionizing radiation. METHODS We initiated a phase I/II dose escalation study, treating patients with recurrence of glioblastoma with oral 5-ALA concurrent to radiotherapy (RT). This prospective single-center study based in the University Hospital Münster aims to recruit 30 patients over 18 years of age with histologically verified recurrence of supratentorial glioblastoma in good performance status (KPS ≥ 60). Following a 3 + 3 dose-escalation design, patients having undergone re-resection will receive a 36 Gy RT including radiodynamic therapy fractions (RDT). RDT constitutes of oral administration of 5-ALA before the irradiation session. Two cohorts will additionally receive two fractions of neoadjuvant treatment three and two days before surgery. To determine the maximum tolerated dose of repeated 5-ALA-administration, the number of RDT-fractions will increase, starting with one to a maximum of eight fractions, while closely monitoring for safety and toxicity. Follow-up will be performed at two and five months after treatment. Primary endpoint will be the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of repeated ALA-administration, secondary endpoints are event-free-, progression-free-, and overall-survival. Additionally, 5-ALA metabolites and radiobiological markers will be analysed throughout the course of therapy and tissue effects after neoadjuvant treatment will be determined in resected tissue. This protocol is in accordance with the SPIRIT guidelines for clinical trial protocols. DISCUSSION This is the protocol of the ALA-RDT in GBM-study, the first-in-man evaluation of repeated administration of 5-ALA as a radiosensitizer for treatment of recurrent glioblastoma. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was approved by the local ethics committee of the Medical Association of Westphalia-Lippe and the University of Münster on 12.10.2022, the German federal institute for Drugs and medical devices on 13.10.2022 and the federal office for radiation protection on 29.08.2022. This trial was registered on the public European EudraCT database (EudraCT-No.: 2021-004631-92) and is registered under www.cliniclatrials.gov (Identifier: NCT05590689).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Benedikt Pepper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Hans Theodor Eich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Müther
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Oertel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Rehn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dorothee Cäcilia Spille
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Walter Stummer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Cumba Garcia LM, Bouchal SM, Bauman MMJ, Parney IF. Advancements and Technical Considerations for Extracellular Vesicle Isolation and Biomarker Identification in Glioblastoma. Neurosurgery 2023; 93:33-42. [PMID: 36749103 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound particles released by all cells. Previous research has found that these microscopic vesicles contribute to intercellular signaling and communication. EVs carry a variety of cargo, including nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites, and lipids. The composition of EVs varies based on cell of origin. Therefore, EVs can serve as an important biomarker in the diagnosis and treatment of various cancers. EVs derived from glioblastoma (GBM) cells carry biomarkers, which could serve as the basis for a potential diagnostic strategy known as liquid biopsy. Multiple EV isolation techniques exist, including ultrafiltration, size exclusion chromatography, flow field-flow fractionation, sequential filtration, differential ultracentrifugation, and density-gradient ultracentrifugation. Recent and ongoing work aims to identify cellular markers to distinguish GBM-derived EVs from those released by noncancerous cells. Strategies include proteomic analysis of GBM EVs, identification of GBM-specific metabolites, and use of Food and Drug Administration-approved 5-aminolevulinic acid-an oral agent that causes fluorescence of GBM cells-to recognize GBM EVs in a patient's blood. In addition, accurately and precisely monitoring changes in EV cargo concentrations could help differentiate between pseudoprogression and GBM recurrence, thus preventing unnecessary surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M Cumba Garcia
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Samantha M Bouchal
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Megan M J Bauman
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ian F Parney
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Neuron and astrocyte aggregation and sorting in three-dimensional neuronal constructs. Commun Biol 2021; 4:587. [PMID: 34002005 PMCID: PMC8129100 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation and self-sorting of cells in three dimensional cultures have been described for non-neuronal cells. Despite increased interest in engineered neural tissues for treating brain injury or for modeling neurological disorders in vitro, little data is available on collective cell movements in neuronal aggregates. Migration and sorting of cells may alter these constructs' morphology and, therefore, the function of their neural circuitry. In this work, linear, adhered rat and human 3D neuronal-astrocyte cultures were developed to enable the study of aggregation and sorting of these cells. An in silico model of the contraction, clustering, and cell sorting in the 3D cultures was also developed. Experiments and computational modeling showed that aggregation was mainly a neuron mediated process, and formation of astrocyte-rich sheaths in 3D cultures depended on differential attraction between neurons and astrocytes. In silico model predicted formation of self-assembled neuronal layers in disk-shaped 3D cultures. Neuronal activity patterns were found to correlate with local morphological differences. This model of neuronal and astrocyte aggregation and sorting may benefit future design of neuronal constructs.
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Traylor JI, Pernik MN, Sternisha AC, McBrayer SK, Abdullah KG. Molecular and Metabolic Mechanisms Underlying Selective 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Induced Fluorescence in Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030580. [PMID: 33540759 PMCID: PMC7867275 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a medication that produces fluorescence in certain cancers, which enables surgeons to visualize tumor margins during surgery. Gliomas are brain tumors that can be difficult to fully resect due to their infiltrative nature. In this review we explored what is known about the mechanism of 5-ALA, recent discoveries that increase our understanding of that mechanism, and potential targets to increase fluorescence in lower grade gliomas. Abstract 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a porphyrin precursor in the heme synthesis pathway. When supplied exogenously, certain cancers consume 5-ALA and convert it to the fluorogenic metabolite protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), causing tumor-specific tissue fluorescence. Preoperative administration of 5-ALA is used to aid neurosurgical resection of high-grade gliomas such as glioblastoma, allowing for increased extent of resection and progression free survival for these patients. A subset of gliomas, especially low-grade tumors, do not accumulate PpIX intracellularly or readily fluoresce upon 5-ALA administration, making gross total resection difficult to achieve in diffuse lesions. We review existing literature on 5-ALA metabolism and PpIX accumulation to explore potential mechanisms of 5-ALA-induced glioma tissue fluorescence. Targeting the heme synthesis pathway and understanding its dysregulation in malignant tissues could aid the development of adjunct therapies to increase intraoperative fluorescence after 5-ALA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey I. Traylor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (J.I.T.); (M.N.P.)
| | - Mark N. Pernik
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (J.I.T.); (M.N.P.)
| | - Alex C. Sternisha
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Samuel K. McBrayer
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Correspondence: (S.K.M.); (K.G.A.); Tel.: +1-(214)-648-3730 (S.K.M.); +1-(214)-645-2300 (K.G.A.)
| | - Kalil G. Abdullah
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (J.I.T.); (M.N.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.M.); (K.G.A.); Tel.: +1-(214)-648-3730 (S.K.M.); +1-(214)-645-2300 (K.G.A.)
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Jones PS, Yekula A, Lansbury E, Small JL, Ayinon C, Mordecai S, Hochberg FH, Tigges J, Delcuze B, Charest A, Ghiran I, Balaj L, Carter BS. Characterization of plasma-derived protoporphyrin-IX-positive extracellular vesicles following 5-ALA use in patients with malignant glioma. EBioMedicine 2019; 48:23-35. [PMID: 31628025 PMCID: PMC6838454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant gliomas are rapidly progressive brain tumors with high mortality. Fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) provides fluorescent delineation of malignant tissue, which helps achieve maximum safe resection. 5-ALA-based fluorescence is due to preferential accumulation of the fluorophore protoporphyrin-IX (PpIX) in malignant glioma tissue. Additionally, gliomas cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) which carry biomarkers of disease. Herein, we performed animal and human studies to investigate whether 5-ALA dosed glioma cells, in vitro and in vivo, release PpIX positive EVs in circulation which can be captured and analyzed. METHODS We used imaging flow cytometry (IFC) to characterize PpIX-positive EVs released from 5-ALA-dosed glioma cells, glioma-bearing xenograft models, as well as patients with malignant glioma undergoing FGS. FINDINGS We first show that glioma cells dosed with 5-ALA release 247-fold higher PpIX positive EVs compared to mock dosed glioma cells. Second, we demonstrate that the plasma of glioma-bearing mice (n = 2) dosed with 5-ALA contain significantly higher levels of circulating PpIX-positive EVs than their pre-dosing background (p = 0.004). Lastly, we also show that the plasma of patients with avidly fluorescent tumors (n = 4) undergoing FGS contain circulating PpIX-positive EVs at levels significantly higher than their pre-dosing background (p = 0.00009) and this rise in signal correlates with enhancing tumor volumes (r 2 = 0.888). INTERPRETATION Our findings highlight the potential of plasma-derived PpIX-positive EV-based diagnostics for malignant gliomas, offering a novel liquid biopsy platform for confirming and monitoring tumor status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S Jones
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anudeep Yekula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Lansbury
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Julia L Small
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Caroline Ayinon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Scott Mordecai
- Department of Pathology, Flow Cytometry Core, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - John Tigges
- Flow Cytometry Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bethany Delcuze
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alain Charest
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ionita Ghiran
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Bob S Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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Oppermann H, Heinrich M, Birkemeyer C, Meixensberger J, Gaunitz F. The proton-coupled oligopeptide transporters PEPT2, PHT1 and PHT2 mediate the uptake of carnosine in glioblastoma cells. Amino Acids 2019; 51:999-1008. [PMID: 31073693 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02739-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The previous studies demonstrated that carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) inhibits the growth of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Considering carnosine for the treatment of glioblastoma, we investigated which proton-coupled oligopeptide transporters (POTs) are present in glioblastoma cells and how they contribute to the uptake of carnosine. Therefore, mRNA expression of the four known POTs (PEPT1, PEPT2, PHT1, and PHT2) was examined in three glioblastoma cell lines, ten primary tumor cell cultures, in freshly isolated tumor tissue and in healthy brain. Using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, the uptake of carnosine was investigated in the presence of competitive inhibitors and after siRNA-mediated knockdown of POTs. Whereas PEPT1 mRNA was not detected in any sample, expression of the three other transporters was significantly increased in tumor tissue compared to healthy brain. In cell culture, PHT1 expression was comparable to expression in tumor tissue, PHT2 exhibited a slightly reduced expression, and PEPT2 expression was reduced to normal brain tissue levels. In the cell line LN405, the competitive inhibitors β-alanyl-L-alanine (inhibits all transporters) and L-histidine (inhibitor of PHT1/2) both inhibited the uptake of carnosine. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of PHT1 and PHT2 revealed a significantly reduced uptake of carnosine. Interestingly, despite its low expression at the level of mRNA, knockdown of PEPT2 also resulted in decreased uptake. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the transporters PEPT2, PHT1, and PHT2 are responsible for the uptake of carnosine into glioblastoma cells and full function of all three transporters is required for maximum uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Oppermann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Forschungslabore, Liebigstraße 19, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcus Heinrich
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Forschungslabore, Liebigstraße 19, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Birkemeyer
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Meixensberger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Forschungslabore, Liebigstraße 19, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Gaunitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Forschungslabore, Liebigstraße 19, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the brain and are a crucial part of solving its mysteries. Originally assumed to be passive supporting cells, astrocyte's functions are now recognized to include active modulation and information processing at the neural synapse. The full extent of the astrocyte contribution to neural processing remains unknown. This is, in part, due to the lack of methods available for astrocyte identification and analysis. Existing strategies employ genetic tools like the astrocyte specific promoters glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) or Aldh1L1 to create transgenic animals with fluorescently labeled astrocytes. Recently, small molecule targeting moieties have enabled the delivery of bright fluorescent dyes to astrocytes. Here, we review methods for targeting astrocytes, with a focus on a recently developed methylpyridinium targeting moiety's development, chemical synthesis, and elaboration to provide new features like light-based spatiotemporal control of cell labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa N Preston
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Danielle A Cervasio
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Scott T Laughlin
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States; Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
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Stepp H, Stummer W. 5‐ALA in the management of malignant glioma. Lasers Surg Med 2018; 50:399-419. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Stepp
- LIFE Center and Department of UrologyUniversity Hospital of MunichFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 1981377MunichGermany
| | - Walter Stummer
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Clinic MünsterAlbert‐Schweitzer‐Campus 1, Gebäude A148149MünsterGermany
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11
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Qiao M, Sanes JR. Genetic Method for Labeling Electrically Coupled Cells: Application to Retina. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 8:81. [PMID: 26778956 PMCID: PMC4703850 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the nervous system functions requires mapping synaptic connections between neurons. Several methods are available for imaging neurons connected by chemical synapses, but few enable marking neurons connected by electrical synapses. Here, we demonstrate that a peptide transporter, Pept2, can be used for this purpose. Pept2 transports a gap junction-permeable fluorophore-coupled dipeptide, beta-alanine-lysine-N-7-amino-4-methyl coumarin-3-acid (βALA). Cre-dependent expression of pept2 in specific neurons followed by incubation in βALA labeled electrically coupled synaptic partners. Using this method, we analyze light-dependent modulation of electrical connectivity among retinal horizontal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Qiao
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Joshua R Sanes
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA
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12
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Laafi J, Homedan C, Jacques C, Gueguen N, Schmitt C, Puy H, Reynier P, Carmen Martinez M, Malthièry Y. Pro-oxidant effect of ALA is implicated in mitochondrial dysfunction of HepG2 cells. Biochimie 2014; 106:157-66. [PMID: 25220386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heme biosynthesis begins in the mitochondrion with the formation of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). In acute intermittent porphyria, hereditary tyrosinemia type I and lead poisoning patients, ALA is accumulated in plasma and in organs, especially the liver. These diseases are also associated with neuromuscular dysfunction and increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Many studies suggest that this damage may originate from ALA-induced oxidative stress following its accumulation. Using the MnSOD as an oxidative stress marker, we showed here that ALA treatment of cultured cells induced ROS production, increasing with ALA concentration. The mitochondrial energetic function of ALA-treated HepG2 cells was further explored. Mitochondrial respiration and ATP content were reduced compared to control cells. For the 300 μM treatment, ALA induced a mitochondrial mass decrease and a mitochondrial network imbalance although neither necrosis nor apoptosis were observed. The up regulation of PGC-1, Tfam and ND5 genes was also found; these genes encode mitochondrial proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis activation and OXPHOS function. We propose that ALA may constitute an internal bioenergetic signal, which initiates a coordinated upregulation of respiratory genes, which ultimately drives mitochondrial metabolic adaptation within cells. The addition of an antioxidant, Manganese(III) tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (MnTMPyP), resulted in improvement of maximal respiratory chain capacity with 300 μM ALA. Our results suggest that mitochondria, an ALA-production site, are more sensitive to pro-oxidant effect of ALA, and may be directly involved in pathophysiology of patients with inherited or acquired porphyria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihane Laafi
- LUNAM Université, INSERM UMR 1063, IBIS, IRIS, rue des capucins, 49100 Angers, France.
| | - Chadi Homedan
- LUNAM Université, INSERM UMR 1063, IBIS, IRIS, rue des capucins, 49100 Angers, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Département de Biochimie et Génétique, IBIS, IRIS, rue des capucins, 49100 Angers, France.
| | - Caroline Jacques
- LUNAM Université, INSERM UMR 1063, IBIS, IRIS, rue des capucins, 49100 Angers, France.
| | - Naig Gueguen
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Département de Biochimie et Génétique, IBIS, IRIS, rue des capucins, 49100 Angers, France; CNRS UMR 6214 - INSERM 1083, IBIS, IRIS, rue des capucins, 49100 Angers, France.
| | - Caroline Schmitt
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Université Paris Diderot, 178 rue des Renouillers, 92700 Colombes, France; INSERM U773, Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Bichat-Beaujon, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, 5 Rue Thomas Mann, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Hervé Puy
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Université Paris Diderot, 178 rue des Renouillers, 92700 Colombes, France; INSERM U773, Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Bichat-Beaujon, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, 5 Rue Thomas Mann, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Pascal Reynier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Département de Biochimie et Génétique, IBIS, IRIS, rue des capucins, 49100 Angers, France; CNRS UMR 6214 - INSERM 1083, IBIS, IRIS, rue des capucins, 49100 Angers, France.
| | - Maria Carmen Martinez
- LUNAM Université, INSERM UMR 1063, IBIS, IRIS, rue des capucins, 49100 Angers, France.
| | - Yves Malthièry
- LUNAM Université, INSERM UMR 1063, IBIS, IRIS, rue des capucins, 49100 Angers, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Département de Biochimie et Génétique, IBIS, IRIS, rue des capucins, 49100 Angers, France.
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13
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Colditz MJ, Leyen KV, Jeffree RL. Aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-protoporphyrin IX fluorescence guided tumour resection. Part 2: theoretical, biochemical and practical aspects. J Clin Neurosci 2012; 19:1611-6. [PMID: 23059058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the extent of resection for gliomas, and the utility of aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and protoporphyrin IX fluorescence in increasing the extent of resection, has become increasingly evident over the past decade. This review continues from Part 1 and focuses on the biochemical mechanisms by which ALA ingestion leads to tumour fluorescence, and discusses practicalities of the equipment and techniques needed to introduce ALA and fluorescence guided resection into neurosurgical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Colditz
- Kenneth G. Jamieson Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
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14
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Tai W, Chen Z, Cheng K. Expression profile and functional activity of peptide transporters in prostate cancer cells. Mol Pharm 2012; 10:477-87. [PMID: 22950754 DOI: 10.1021/mp300364k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Peptide transporters are expressed predominantly in intestinal and renal epithelial cells. The functional expression of peptide transporters is also identified in other types of tissues, such as glia cells, macrophages, and the epithelia of the bile duct, the lungs, and the mammary glands. However, their presence and role are poorly understood in carcinomas. We explored the expression profile and functional activity of peptide transporters in the prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, PC-3, and DU145. Quantitative real time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to evaluate the expression profile of peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1), peptide transporter 2 (PEPT2), peptide histidine transporter 1 (PHT1), and peptide histidine transporter 2 (PHT2) in these cells. LNCaP expresses high levels of PEPT2 and PHT1, while PC-3 demonstrates strong expression of PEPT1 and PHT1. DU145 shows only weak expression of PEPT1 and PHT1. Functional activities were studied in these cell lines using radiolabeled glycylsarcosine ([(3)H]Gly-Sar) and l-histidine ([(3)H]-l-histidine). The uptake of [(3)H]Gly-Sar and [(3)H]-l-histidine was time- and pH-dependent. A kinetic study showed that the uptake of Gly-Sar and l-histidine is saturable over the tested concentration range. The binding affinity (K(m)) and the maximal velocity (V(max)) exhibited in the three cell lines were consistent with the expression profiles we observed in qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. A competitive inhibition study revealed that peptide transporters in prostate cancer cells exhibited broad substrate specificity with a preference for hydrophobic dipeptides, such as Leu-Leu. Fluorescence microscopy study revealed that the fluorescent dipeptide probe d-Ala-Lys-AMCA (a substrate of peptide transporters) specifically accumulated in the cytoplasm of LNCaP and PC-3, but not DU145 cells. Inhibiting the peptide transporter activity by Gly-Sar suppressed the growth of LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Our study indicated that PC-3 cells can be established as a new cell culture model for PEPT1 study, and LNCaP can be used as a model for PEPT2 study. Moreover, our results suggested that peptide transporters are overexpressed in prostate cancer cells and can be adopted as a promising target for tumor-specific drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Tai
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
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15
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Pedretti A, De Luca L, Marconi C, Regazzoni L, Aldini G, Vistoli G. Fragmental modeling of hPepT2 and analysis of its binding features by docking studies and pharmacophore mapping. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:4544-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Zimmermann M, Kappert K, Stan AC. U373-MG cells express PepT2 and accumulate the fluorescently tagged dipeptide-derivative β-Ala-Lys-N(ε)-AMCA. Neurosci Lett 2010; 486:174-8. [PMID: 20868728 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim of this study was to examine the dipeptide transport of β-Ala-Lys-N(ɛ)-AMCA in the human glioma cell line U373-MG and its potential regulation by diverse hormones and culture media. A mixed glial primary cell culture of the newborn rat served as reference cell system. β-Ala-Lys-N(ɛ)-AMCA (β-Ala-Lys-N(ɛ)-7-amino-4-methyl-coumarin-3-acetic acid) is a highly specific reporter substrate to investigate the dipeptide transport system PepT2. We were able to demonstrate that U373-MG cells express PepT2-mRNA and translocate β-Ala-Lys-N(ɛ)-AMCA via PepT2 into the cytoplasm. Previous results demonstrated that β-Ala-Lys-N(ɛ)-AMCA specifically accumulates in differentiated and dedifferentiated astrocytes but neither in differentiated nor dedifferentiated oligodendrocytes and in neurons. U373-MG cells were incubated with estradiol, testosterone, thyronine, dexamethasone, dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate and tetradecanoylphorbol acetate in order to detect potential substance-dependent changes in dipeptide uptake. There was no significant increase or decrease of β-Ala-Lys-N(ɛ)-AMCA-uptake after stimulation. Northern blot analyses confirmed that PepT2-mRNA is expressed in U373-MG and glial cells but showed no regulation of PepT2-mRNA expression in both cell types. Future investigations might offer the opportunity of an anti-tumor therapy with cytotoxic agents linked to a dipeptide-derivative such as β-Ala-Lys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Zimmermann
- Zentralinstitut für Laboratoriumsmedizin und Pathobiochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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