1
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Liang R, Tan B, Lei K, Xu K, Liang J, Huang J, Liang Y, Huang J, Zhang L, Shi X, Lv Z, Lin H, Wang M. The FGF6 amplification mutation plays an important role in the progression and treatment of malignant meningioma. Transl Oncol 2024; 45:101974. [PMID: 38710133 PMCID: PMC11089407 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Meningioma is a benign tumor with slow growth and long course. However, patients with recurrent malignant meningioma still face a lack of effective treatment. Here, we report a rare case of primary mediastinal malignant meningioma with lung and bone metastases, who benefited from the treatment of apatinib (≥33 months) and anlotinib (until the publication date). Retrospective molecular analysis revealed the frequent amplification of FGF6 in primary and metastatic lesions. Then we constructed the FGF6 over-expressed IOMM-LEE and CH157MN malignant meningioma cell lines, and in vitro and vivo experiments showed that overexpression of FGF6 can promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of malignant meningioma cells. Based on the Western analysis, we revealed that FGF6 can promote the phosphorylation of FGFR, AKT, and ERK1/2, which can be inhibited by anlotinib. Together, we were the first to verify that overexpression of FGF6 promotes the progression of malignant meningiomas by activating FGFR/AKT/ERK1/2 pathway and pointed out that anlotinib may effectively inhibit the disease progression of patients with FGF6 amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihao Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Binhua Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jialu Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yicheng Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | | | - Zhiqiang Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University.
| | - Huayue Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Minghui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Graillon T, Tabouret E, Salgues B, Horowitz T, Padovani L, Appay R, Farah K, Dufour H, Régis J, Guedj E, Barlier A, Chinot O. Innovative treatments for meningiomas. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:449-463. [PMID: 36959063 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Multi-recurrent high-grade meningiomas remain an unmet medical need in neuro-oncology when iterative surgeries and radiation therapy sessions fail to control tumor growth. Nevertheless, the last 10years have been marked by multiple advances in the comprehension of meningioma tumorigenesis via the discovery of new driver mutations, the identification of activated intracellular signaling pathways, and DNA methylation analyses, providing multiple potential therapeutic targets. Today, Anti-VEGF and mTOR inhibitors are the most used and probably the most active drugs in aggressive meningiomas. Peptide radioactive radiation therapy aims to target SSTR2A receptors, which are strongly expressed in meningiomas, but have an insufficient effect in most aggressive meningiomas, requiring the development of new techniques to increase the dose applied to the tumor. Based on the multiple potential intracellular targets, multiple targeted therapy clinical trials targeting Pi3K-Akt-mTOR and MAP kinase pathways as well as cell cycle and particularly, cyclin D4-6 are ongoing. Recently discovered driver mutations, SMO, Akt, and PI3KCA, offer new targets but are mostly observed in benign meningiomas, limiting their clinical relevance mainly to rare aggressive skull base meningiomas. Therefore, NF2 mutation remains the most frequent mutation and main challenging target in high-grade meningioma. Recently, inhibitors of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which is involved in tumor cell adhesion, were tested in a phase 2 clinical trial with interesting but insufficient activity. The Hippo pathway was demonstrated to interact with NF2/Merlin and could be a promising target in NF2-mutated meningiomas with ongoing multiple preclinical studies and a phase 1 clinical trial. Recent advances in immune landscape comprehension led to the proposal of the use of immunotherapy in meningiomas. Except in rare cases of MSH2/6 mutation or high tumor mass burden, the activity of PD-1 inhibitors remains limited; however, its combination with various radiation therapy modalities is particularly promising. On the whole, therapeutic management of high-grade meningiomas is still challenging even with multiple promising therapeutic targets and innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Graillon
- Aix-Marseille University, AP-HM, Inserm, MMG, Neurosurgery department, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France.
| | - E Tabouret
- Aix-Marseille University, AP-HM, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, CHU Timone, Service de Neurooncologie, Marseille, France
| | - B Salgues
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles-Foix, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - T Horowitz
- AP-HM, CNRS, centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Timone Hospital, CERIMED, Nuclear Medicine Department, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - L Padovani
- AP-HM, Timone Hospital, Radiotherapy Department, Marseille, France
| | - R Appay
- AP-HM, CHU Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - K Farah
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, UMR Inserm 1106, Functional Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - H Dufour
- Aix-Marseille University, AP-HM, Inserm, MMG, Neurosurgery department, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - J Régis
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, UMR Inserm 1106, Functional Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - E Guedj
- AP-HM, CNRS, centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Timone Hospital, CERIMED, Nuclear Medicine Department, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - A Barlier
- Aix-Marseille University, AP-HM, Inserm, MMG, Laboratory of Molecular Biology Hospital La Conception, Marseille, France
| | - O Chinot
- Aix-Marseille University, AP-HM, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, CHU Timone, Service de Neurooncologie, Marseille, France
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3
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Tsytsykova AV, Wiley G, Li C, Pelikan RC, Garman L, Acquah FA, Mooers BH, Tsitsikov EN, Dunn IF. Mutated KLF4(K409Q) in meningioma binds STRs and activates FGF3 gene expression. iScience 2022; 25:104839. [PMID: 35996584 PMCID: PMC9391581 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a transcription factor that has been proven necessary for both induction and maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal. Whole-genome sequencing defined a unique mutation in KLF4 (KLF4K409Q) in human meningiomas. However, the molecular mechanism of this tumor-specific KLF4 mutation is unknown. Using genome-wide high-throughput and focused quantitative transcriptional approaches in human cell lines, primary meningeal cells, and meningioma tumor tissue, we found that a change in the evolutionarily conserved DNA-binding domain of KLF4 alters its DNA recognition preference, resulting in a shift in downstream transcriptional activity. In the KLF4K409Q-specific targets, the normally silent fibroblast growth factor 3 (FGF3) is activated. We demonstrated a neomorphic function of KLF4K409Q in stimulating FGF3 transcription through binding to its promoter and in using short tandem repeats (STRs) located within the locus as enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla V. Tsytsykova
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Graham Wiley
- Clinical Genomics Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Chuang Li
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Richard C. Pelikan
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lori Garman
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Francis A. Acquah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Blaine H.M. Mooers
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Erdyni N. Tsitsikov
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ian F. Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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4
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Kannapadi NV, Shah PP, Mathios D, Jackson CM. Synthesizing Molecular and Immune Characteristics to Move Beyond WHO Grade in Meningiomas: A Focused Review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:892004. [PMID: 35712492 PMCID: PMC9194503 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.892004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
No portion of this manuscript has previously been presented. Meningiomas, the most common primary intracranial tumors, are histologically categorized by the World Health Organization (WHO) grading system. While higher WHO grade is generally associated with poor clinical outcomes, a significant subset of grade I tumors recur or progress, indicating a need for more reliable models of meningioma behavior. Several groups have developed risk scores based on molecular or immunologic characteristics. These classification schemes show promise, with several models preliminarily demonstrating similar or superior accuracy to WHO grading. Improved understanding of immune system recognition and targeting of meningioma subtypes is necessary to advance the predictive power, as well as develop new therapies. Here, we characterize meningioma molecular drivers, predictive of recurrence and progression, and describe specific aspects of the immune response to meningiomas while highlighting critical questions and ongoing research. Relevant manuscripts of interest were identified using a systematic approach and synthesized into this focused review. Finally, we summarize the ongoing and completed clinical trials for immunotherapy in meningiomas and offer perspective on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedha V Kannapadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Pavan P Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dimitrios Mathios
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christopher M Jackson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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5
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Patel B, Desai R, Pugazenthi S, Butt OH, Huang J, Kim AH. Identification and Management of Aggressive Meningiomas. Front Oncol 2022; 12:851758. [PMID: 35402234 PMCID: PMC8984123 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.851758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are common primary central nervous system tumors derived from the meninges, with management most frequently entailing serial monitoring or a combination of surgery and/or radiation therapy. Although often considered benign lesions, meningiomas can not only be surgically inaccessible but also exhibit aggressive growth and recurrence. In such cases, adjuvant radiation and systemic therapy may be required for tumor control. In this review, we briefly describe the current WHO grading scale for meningioma and provide demonstrative cases of treatment-resistant meningiomas. We also summarize frequently observed molecular abnormalities and their correlation with intracranial location and recurrence rate. We then describe how genetic and epigenetic features might supplement or even replace histopathologic features for improved identification of aggressive lesions. Finally, we describe the role of surgery, radiotherapy, and ongoing systemic therapy as well as precision medicine clinical trials for the treatment of recurrent meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvic Patel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rupen Desai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sangami Pugazenthi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Omar H. Butt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States,The Brain Tumor Center, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jiayi Huang
- The Brain Tumor Center, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States,Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Albert H. Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States,The Brain Tumor Center, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States,*Correspondence: Albert H. Kim,
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6
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Das A, Martinez Santos JL, Alshareef M, Porto GBF, Infinger LK, Vandergrift WA, Lindhorst SM, Varma AK, Patel SJ, Cachia D. In Vitro Effect of Dovitinib (TKI258), a Multi-Target Angiokinase Inhibitor on Aggressive Meningioma Cells. Cancer Invest 2020; 38:349-355. [PMID: 32441531 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2020.1773844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: Meningiomas represent ∼30% of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Although advances in surgery and radiotherapy have significantly improved survival, there remains an important subset of patients whose tumors have more aggressive behavior and are refractory to conventional therapy. Recent advances in molecular genetics and epigenetics suggest that this aggressive behavior may be due to the deletion of the DNA repair and tumor suppressor gene, CHEK2, neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2) mutation on chromosome 22q12, and genetic abnormalities in multiple RTKs including FGFRs. Management of higher-grade meningiomas, such as anaplastic meningiomas (AM: WHO grade III), is truly challenging and there isn't an established chemotherapy option. We investigate the effect of active multi tyrosine receptor kinase inhibitor Dovitinib at stopping AM cell growth in in vitro with either frequent codeletion or mutated CHEK2 and NF2 gene.Methods: Treatment effects were assessed using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, western blot analysis, caspases assay, and DNA fragmentation assay.Results: Treatment of CH157MN and IOMM-Lee cells with Dovitinib suppressed multiple angiokinases-mainly FGFRs, leading to suppression of downstream signaling by RAS-RAF-MAPK molecules and PI3K-AKT molecules which are involved in cell proliferation, cell survival, and tumor invasion. Furthermore, Dovitinib induced apoptosis via downregulation of survival proteins (Bcl-XL), and over-expression of apoptotic factors (Bax and caspase-3) regardless of CHEK2 and NF2 mutation status.Conclusions: This study establishes the groundwork for the development of Dovitinib as a therapeutic agent for high-grade AM with either frequent codeletion or mutated CHEK2 and NF2, an avenue with high translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabinda Das
- Department of Neurosurgery and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jaime L Martinez Santos
- Department of Neurosurgery and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mohammed Alshareef
- Department of Neurosurgery and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Guilherme Bastos Ferreira Porto
- Department of Neurosurgery and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Libby Kosnik Infinger
- Department of Neurosurgery and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - William A Vandergrift
- Department of Neurosurgery and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Scott M Lindhorst
- Department of Neurosurgery and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Abhay K Varma
- Department of Neurosurgery and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sunil J Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - David Cachia
- Department of Neurosurgery and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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7
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Burnett BA, Womeldorff MR, Jensen R. Meningioma: Signaling pathways and tumor growth. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020; 169:137-150. [PMID: 32553285 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804280-9.00009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial brain tumor in adult humans; however, our understanding of meningioma tumorigenesis is relatively limited in comparison with the body of research available for other intracranial tumors such as gliomas. Here we briefly describe the current understanding of aberrant signaling pathways and tumor growth mechanisms responsible for meningioma differentiation, cellular growth, development, inhibition, and death. Numerous cellular functions impacted by these signaling pathways are critical for angiogenesis, proliferation, and apoptosis. Ultimately, a further understanding of the signaling pathways involved in meningioma tumorigenesis will lead to better treatment modalities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Andrew Burnett
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | - Randy Jensen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
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8
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Pepe F, Pisapia P, Del Basso de Caro ML, Conticelli F, Malapelle U, Troncone G, Martinez JC. Next generation sequencing identifies novel potential actionable mutations for grade I meningioma treatment. Histol Histopathol 2019; 35:741-749. [PMID: 31872418 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas are common brain tumors that arise from the meningeal membranes that envelope the brain and spinal cord. The World Health Organization classifies these tumors into three histopathological grades. Because of tumor recurrence, treating meningiomas may be challenging even in well-differentiated grade I (GI) neoplasms. Indeed, around 5% of completely resected GI meningiomas relapse within 5 years. Therefore, identifying driver mutations in GI meningiomas through next generation sequencing (NGS) assays is paramount. The aim of this study was to validate the use of the 50-gene AmpliSeq Hotspot Cancer Panel v2 to identify the mutational status of 23 GI meningioma, namely, 12 non recurrent and 11 recurrent. In 18 out of the 23 GI meningiomas analyzed, we identified at least one gene mutation (78.2%). The most frequently mutated genes were c-kit (39.1%), ATM (26.1%), TP53 (26.1%), EGFR (26.1%), STK11 (21.7%), NRAS (17.4%), SMAD4 (13%), FGFR3 (13%), and PTPN11 (13%); less frequent mutations were SMARCB1 (8.7%), FLT3 (8.7%), KRAS (8.7%), FBWX7 (8.7%), ABL1 (8.7%), ERBB2 (8.7%), IDH1 (8.7%), BRAF (8.7%), MET (8.7%), HRAS (4.3%), RB1 (4.3%), CTNNB1 (4.3%), PIK3CA (4.3%), VHL (4.3%), KDR (4.3%), APC (4.3%), NOTCH1 (4.3%), JAK3 (4.3%), and SRC (4.3%). To our knowledge, mutations in all of these genes, except for TP53, STK11, SMARCB1, PIK3CA, VHL, and BRAF, have never been described before in meningiomas. Hence, these findings demonstrate the viability of NGS to detect new genetic alterations in GI meningiomas. Equally important, this technology enabled us to detect possible novel actionable mutations not previously associated with GI and for which selective inhibitors already exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pepe
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pisapia
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Floriana Conticelli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Troncone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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9
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Xie X, Lin J, Zhong Y, Fu M, Tang A. FGFR 3S249C mutation promotes chemoresistance by activating Akt signaling in bladder cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1226-1234. [PMID: 31316618 PMCID: PMC6601368 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is a high frequency mutant gene in bladder cancer (BCa) and has become a promising therapeutic target due to its involvement in cell proliferation and migration. However, whether and how FGFR3 mutations affects BCa cell chemosensitivity is unknown. The current study aimed to elucidate the role of the FGFR3S249C mutation in the development of chemoresistance in BCa cells. The results revealed that 97-7 (FGFR3S249C) cells had decreased sensitivity to cisplatin compared with 5637 (FGFR3WT) and T24 (FGFR3WT) cells. The ratio of phosphorylated-Akt/total-Akt was higher in 97-7 (FGFR3S249C) cells, which was reversed by knockdown of FGFR3. Furthermore, inhibition of Akt signaling by GDC0068 or LY294002 increased the cisplatin sensitivity of 97-7 (FGFR3S249C) cells. GDC0068 or LY294002 was also revealed to augment the effects of cisplatin on 97-7 (FGFR3S249C) cell proliferation and apoptosis. The results of the present study demonstrated that the FGFR3S249C mutation promotes chemoresistance in BCa cells by activating the Akt signaling pathway. The FGFR3S249C mutation may therefore be used as a predictor of chemosensitivity in patients with BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xina Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Jiatian Lin
- Department of Minimally Invasive Intervention, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Yuantang Zhong
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Mianheng Fu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Aifa Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
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10
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Sharma P, Katiyar V, Sharma R, Gurjar HK, Krishnan S. Letter: Role of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Recurrent Meningiomas: Controversies and Promises. Neurosurgery 2018; 82:E181-E183. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyy055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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11
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A Novel Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Switch Promotes Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Drug Resistance. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122152. [PMID: 29206199 PMCID: PMC6149963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The fact that most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) acquire resistance to imatinib (IM)-based targeted therapy remains the main driving force to identify novel molecular targets that are capable to increase GISTs sensitivity to the current therapeutic regimens. Secondary resistance to IM in GISTs typically occurs due to several mechanisms that include hemi- or homo-zygous deletion of the wild-type KIT allele, overexpression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and insulin-like growth factor receptor I (IGF-1R) amplification, BRAF mutation, a RTK switch (loss of c-KIT and gain of c-MET/AXL), etc. We established and characterized the IM-resistant GIST T-1 cell line (GIST T-1R) lacking secondary c-KIT mutations typical for the IM-resistant phenotype. The resistance to IM in GIST T-1R cells was due to RTK switch (loss of c-KIT/gain of FGFR2α). Indeed, we have found that FGFR inhibition reduced cellular viability, induced apoptosis and affected the growth kinetics of the IM-resistant GISTs in vitro. In contrast, IM-naive GIST T-1 parental cells were not susceptible to FGFR inhibition. Importantly, inhibition of FGF-signaling restored the susceptibility to IM in IM-resistant GISTs. Additionally, IM-resistant GISTs were less susceptible to certain chemotherapeutic agents as compared to parental IM-sensitive GIST cells. The chemoresistance in GIST T-1R cells is not due to overexpression of ABC-related transporter proteins and might be the result of upregulation of DNA damage signaling and repair (DDR) genes involved in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways (e.g., XRCC3, Rad51, etc.). Taken together, the established GIST T-1R cell subline might be used for in vitro and in vivo studies to examine the efficacy and prospective use of FGFR inhibitors for patients with IM-resistant, un-resectable and metastatic forms of GISTs with the type of RTK switch indicated above.
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Ge Y, Xu K. Alpha-synuclein contributes to malignant progression of human meningioma via the Akt/mTOR pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:86. [PMID: 27895530 PMCID: PMC5109801 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to explore the expression of alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein) in benign, atypical, and anaplastic meningiomas and determine its role in the malignant progression of meningiomas. METHODS Expression of α-synuclein was measured in 44 meningioma samples by real-time PCR analysis. The effects of overexpression or knockdown of α-synuclein on meningioma cell growth, invasiveness, and tumorigenicity were determined. RESULTS Atypical and anaplastic meningiomas displayed significantly greater levels of α-synuclein mRNA, relative to benign tumors. Depletion of α-synuclein decreased cell proliferation and colony formation and promoted apoptosis in IOMM-Lee meningioma cells, whereas overexpression of α-synuclein facilitated cell proliferation and colony formation in CH-157MN meningioma cells. Silencing of α-synuclein attenuated IOMM-Lee cell migration and invasion. In contrast, ectopic expression of α-synuclein increased the invasiveness of CH-157MN cells. In vivo studies further demonstrated that downregulation of α-synuclein significantly retarded meningioma growth in nude mice. At the molecular level, the phosphorylation levels of Akt, mTOR, p70S6K and 4EBP were significantly decreased in α-synuclein-depleted IOMM-Lee cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, α-synuclein upregulation contributes to aggressive phenotypes of meningiomas via the Akt/mTOR pathway and thus represents a potential therapeutic target for malignant meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Kan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062 China
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Keppler-Noreuil KM, Baker EH, Sapp JC, Lindhurst MJ, Biesecker LG. Somatic AKT1 mutations cause meningiomas colocalizing with a characteristic pattern of cranial hyperostosis. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2605-10. [PMID: 27550858 PMCID: PMC5580816 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Somatic genetic mutations in meningiomas are associated with histologic subtypes, anatomical location, and grade. Concomitant hyperostosis occurs with some meningiomas and the pathogenesis is not well understood. Cranial hyperostosis and meningiomas are common in patients with Proteus syndrome, which is caused by a somatic activating mutation in AKT1 c.49G>A. This same mutation has also been found in 6-9% of sporadic non-syndromic meningiomas. Sixty-one patients with Proteus syndrome meeting clinical diagnostic criteria were evaluated at the NIH from 1997 to 2014. Of these 61, 52 had a somatic activating mutation (c.49G>A, p.Glu17Lys) in AKT1 confirmed from affected tissue samples. Photographs, physical examination and/or autopsy, X-rays, CT, and/or MRI scan of the head were reviewed in 29/52 patients. Of the 29 patients, the most common intracranial tumor was meningioma, all co-localizing with cranial hyperostosis, and diagnosed at younger ages than typical for isolated, non-syndromic meningiomas. These patients had progressive cranial overgrowth that consisted primarily of diploic space expansion, and was characterized by unilateral, parasagittal, and frontal bone involvement. We hypothesize that sporadic meningothelial and transitional subtype meningiomas are a forme fruste or microform of Proteus syndrome, and activation of the AKT/PI3K pathway drives hyperostosis in both non-syndromic, and Proteus-related meningiomas. © 2016 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Keppler-Noreuil
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genetics Research Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Eva H Baker
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julie C Sapp
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genetics Research Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marjorie J Lindhurst
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genetics Research Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leslie G Biesecker
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genetics Research Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Bi WL, Abedalthagafi M, Horowitz P, Agarwalla PK, Mei Y, Aizer AA, Brewster R, Dunn GP, Al-Mefty O, Alexander BM, Santagata S, Beroukhim R, Dunn IF. Genomic landscape of intracranial meningiomas. J Neurosurg 2016; 125:525-35. [DOI: 10.3171/2015.6.jns15591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial neoplasms in adults. Current histopathological grading schemes do not consistently predict their natural history. Classic cytogenetic studies have disclosed a progressive course of chromosomal aberrations, especially in high-grade meningiomas. Furthermore, the recent application of unbiased next-generation sequencing approaches has implicated several novel genes whose mutations underlie a substantial percentage of meningiomas. These insights may serve to craft a molecular taxonomy for meningiomas and highlight putative therapeutic targets in a new era of rational biology-informed precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Linda Bi
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital
- 4Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; and
| | - Malak Abedalthagafi
- 2Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
| | - Peleg Horowitz
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Pankaj K. Agarwalla
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
- 4Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; and
| | - Yu Mei
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Ayal A. Aizer
- 5Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Ryan Brewster
- 2Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
| | - Gavin P. Dunn
- 6Department of Neurosurgery, Pathology, and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Brian M. Alexander
- 5Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Sandro Santagata
- 2Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- 4Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; and
| | - Ian F. Dunn
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital
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Genetic/molecular alterations of meningiomas and the signaling pathways targeted. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10671-88. [PMID: 25965831 PMCID: PMC4484411 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are usually considered to be benign central nervous system tumors; however, they show heterogenous clinical, histolopathological and cytogenetic features associated with a variable outcome. In recent years important advances have been achieved in the identification of the genetic/molecular alterations of meningiomas and the signaling pathways involved. Thus, monosomy 22, which is often associated with mutations of the NF2 gene, has emerged as the most frequent alteration of meningiomas; in addition, several other genes (e.g., AKT1, KLF4, TRAF7, SMO) and chromosomes have been found to be recurrently altered often in association with more complex karyotypes and involvement of multiple signaling pathways. Here we review the current knowledge about the most relevant genes involved and the signaling pathways targeted by such alterations. In addition, we summarize those proposals that have been made so far for classification and prognostic stratification of meningiomas based on their genetic/genomic features.
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16
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Sharma S, Ray S, Mukherjee S, Moiyadi A, Sridhar E, Srivastava S. Multipronged quantitative proteomic analyses indicate modulation of various signal transduction pathways in human meningiomas. Proteomics 2015; 15:394-407. [PMID: 25413884 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas (MGs) are frequent tumors of the CNS originating from the meningeal layers of the spinal cord and the brain. In this study, comparative tissue proteomic analysis of low and high grades of MGs was performed by using iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics in combination with ESI-quadrupole-TOF and Q-Exactive MS, and results were validated by employing ELISA. Combining the results obtained from two MS platforms, we were able to identify overall 4308 proteins (1% false discover rate), among which 2367 exhibited differential expression (more than and equal to 2 peptide and ≥ 1.5-fold in at least one grade) in MGs. Several differentially expressed proteins were found to be associated with diverse signaling pathways, including integrin, Wnt, Ras, epidermal growth factor receptor, and FGR signaling. Proteins, such as vinculin or histones, which act as the signaling activators to initiate multiple signaling pathways, were found to be upregulated in MGs. Quite a few candidates, such as protein S-100A6, aldehyde dehydrogenase mitochondrial, AHNAK, cytoskeleton-associated protein 4, and caveolin, showed sequential increase in low- and high-grade MGs, whereas differential expressions of collagen alpha-1 (VI), protein S100-A9, 14 kDa phosphohistidine phosphatase, or transgelin-2 were found to be grade specific. Our findings provide new insights regarding the association of various signal transduction pathways in MG pathogenesis and may introduce new opportunities for the early detection and prognosis of MGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samridhi Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
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Javidi-Sharifi N, Traer E, Martinez J, Gupta A, Taguchi T, Dunlap J, Heinrich MC, Corless CL, Rubin BP, Druker BJ, Tyner JW. Crosstalk between KIT and FGFR3 Promotes Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Cell Growth and Drug Resistance. Cancer Res 2014; 75:880-91. [PMID: 25432174 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Kinase inhibitors such as imatinib have dramatically improved outcomes for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), but many patients develop resistance to these treatments. Although in some patients this event corresponds with mutations in the GIST driver oncogenic kinase KIT, other patients develop resistance without KIT mutations. In this study, we address this patient subset in reporting a functional dependence of GIST on the FGF receptor FGFR3 and its crosstalk with KIT in GIST cells. Addition of the FGFR3 ligand FGF2 to GIST cells restored KIT phosphorylation during imatinib treatment, allowing sensitive cells to proliferate in the presence of the drug. FGF2 expression was increased in imatinib-resistant GIST cells, the growth of which was blocked by RNAi-mediated silencing of FGFR3. Moreover, combining KIT and FGFR3 inhibitors synergized to block the growth of imatinib-resistant cells. Signaling crosstalk between KIT and FGFR3 activated the MAPK pathway to promote resistance to imatinib. Clinically, an IHC analysis of tumor specimens from imatinib-resistant GIST patients revealed a relative increase in FGF2 levels, with a trend toward increased expression in imatinib-naïve samples consistent with possible involvement in drug resistance. Our findings provide a mechanistic rationale to evaluate existing FGFR inhibitors and multikinase inhibitors that target FGFR3 as promising strategies to improve treatment of patients with GIST with de novo or acquired resistance to imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Javidi-Sharifi
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Elie Traer
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jacqueline Martinez
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Anu Gupta
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Takehiro Taguchi
- Division of Human Health and Medical Science, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Jennifer Dunlap
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Department of Anatomic Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Michael C Heinrich
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Christopher L Corless
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Department of Anatomic Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Brian P Rubin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio. Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Brian J Druker
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
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18
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El-Habr EA, Levidou G, Trigka EA, Sakalidou J, Piperi C, Chatziandreou I, Spyropoulou A, Soldatos R, Tomara G, Petraki K, Samaras V, Zisakis A, Varsos V, Vrettakos G, Boviatsis E, Patsouris E, Saetta AA, Korkolopoulou P. Complex interactions between the components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and with components of MAPK, JAK/STAT and Notch-1 pathways, indicate their involvement in meningioma development. Virchows Arch 2014; 465:473-85. [PMID: 25146167 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1641-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the significance of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its interactions with MAPK, JAK/STAT and Notch pathways in meningioma progression. Paraffin-embedded tissue from 108 meningioma patients was analysed for the presence of mutations in PIK3CA and AKT1. These were correlated with the expression status of components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, including p85α and p110γ subunits of PI3K, phosphorylated (p)-AKT, p-mTOR, p-p70S6K and p-4E-BP1, as well as of p-ERK1/2, p-STAT3 and Notch-1, clinicopathological data and patient survival. A mutation in PIK3CA or AKT1 was found in around 9 % of the cases. Higher grade meningiomas displayed higher nuclear expression of p-p70S6K; higher nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of p-4E-BP1 and of Notch-1; lower cytoplasmic expression of p85αPI3K, p-p70S6K and p-ERK1/2; and lower PTEN Histo-scores (H-scores). PTEN H-score was inversely correlated with recurrence probability. In univariate survival analysis, nuclear expression of p-4E-BP1 and absence of p-ERK1/2 expression portended adverse prognosis, whereas in multivariate survival analysis, p-ERK1/2 expression emerged as an independent favourable prognostic factor. Treatment of the human meningioma cell line HBL-52 with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 resulted in reduction of p-AKT, p-p70S6K and p-ERK1/2 protein levels. The complex interactions established between components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, or with components of the MAPK, JAK/STAT and Notch-1 pathways, appear to be essential for facilitating and fuelling meningioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias A El-Habr
- First Department of Pathology, Laikon General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 115 27, Athens, Greece,
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19
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Monsalves E, Juraschka K, Tateno T, Agnihotri S, Asa SL, Ezzat S, Zadeh G. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the pathophysiology and treatment of pituitary adenomas. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:R331-44. [PMID: 25052915 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas are common intracranial neoplasms. Patients with these tumors exhibit a wide range of clinically challenging problems, stemming either from results of sellar mass effect in pituitary macroadenoma or the diverse effects of aberrant hormone production by adenoma cells. While some patients are cured/controlled by surgical resection and/or medical therapy, a proportion of patients exhibit tumors that are refractory to current modalities. New therapeutic approaches are needed for these patients. Activation of the AKT/phophotidylinositide-3-kinase pathway, including mTOR activation, is common in human neoplasia, and a number of therapeutic approaches are being employed to neutralize activation of this pathway in human cancer. This review examines the role of this pathway in pituitary tumors with respect to tumor biology and its potential role as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Monsalves
- Institute of Medical ScienceDepartment of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDivision of NeurosurgeryToronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, 4W-439, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8Ontario Cancer InstitutePrincess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaEndocrine Oncology Site GroupPrincess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaInstitute of Medical ScienceDepartment of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDivision of NeurosurgeryToronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, 4W-439, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8Ontario Cancer InstitutePrincess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaEndocrine Oncology Site GroupPrincess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle Juraschka
- Institute of Medical ScienceDepartment of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDivision of NeurosurgeryToronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, 4W-439, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8Ontario Cancer InstitutePrincess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaEndocrine Oncology Site GroupPrincess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Toru Tateno
- Institute of Medical ScienceDepartment of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDivision of NeurosurgeryToronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, 4W-439, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8Ontario Cancer InstitutePrincess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaEndocrine Oncology Site GroupPrincess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Institute of Medical ScienceDepartment of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDivision of NeurosurgeryToronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, 4W-439, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8Ontario Cancer InstitutePrincess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaEndocrine Oncology Site GroupPrincess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvia L Asa
- Institute of Medical ScienceDepartment of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDivision of NeurosurgeryToronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, 4W-439, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8Ontario Cancer InstitutePrincess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaEndocrine Oncology Site GroupPrincess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shereen Ezzat
- Institute of Medical ScienceDepartment of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDivision of NeurosurgeryToronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, 4W-439, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8Ontario Cancer InstitutePrincess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaEndocrine Oncology Site GroupPrincess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaInstitute of Medical ScienceDepartment of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDivision of NeurosurgeryToronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, 4W-439, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8Ontario Cancer InstitutePrincess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaEndocrine Oncology Site GroupPrincess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaInstitute of Medical ScienceDepartment of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDivision of NeurosurgeryToronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, 4W-439, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8Ontario Cancer InstitutePrincess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaEndocrine Oncology Site GroupPrincess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Institute of Medical ScienceDepartment of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDivision of NeurosurgeryToronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, 4W-439, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8Ontario Cancer InstitutePrincess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaEndocrine Oncology Site GroupPrincess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaInstitute of Medical ScienceDepartment of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDivision of NeurosurgeryToronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, 4W-439, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8Ontario Cancer InstitutePrincess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaEndocrine Oncology Site GroupPrincess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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A phase II trial of PTK787/ZK 222584 in recurrent or progressive radiation and surgery refractory meningiomas. J Neurooncol 2014; 117:93-101. [PMID: 24449400 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
When surgery and radiation are no longer treatment options, salvage systemic therapy has been used for recurrent meningiomas with little compelling evidence to suggest effectiveness. Patients with surgery and radiation refractory recurrent meningiomas were treated with the oral multifunctional tyrosine kinase inhibitor PTK787/ZK 222584 (PTK787) at a dose of 500 mg twice a day. Each treatment cycle was 4 weeks with MRI done every 8 weeks. Twenty-five patients (14 men; 11 women) with a median age of 59 years and KPS of 80 were treated. Meningioma WHO Grade was I in 2 patients, II in 14 patients and III in 8 patients; 1 patient had a hemangiopericytoma. All patients had prior surgery, external beam radiation therapy or radiosurgery and 11 patients prior systemic chemotherapy. Median number of cycles of PTK 787 administered was 4 (range <1-22). Best response in the 22 evaluable patients was stable disease in 15 (68.2 %). Predominant PTK787 related toxicities included fatigue (60 %), hypertension (24 %) and elevated transaminases (24 %). Grade II patients had a progression free survival (PFS)-6 of 64.3 %, a median PFS of 6.5 months and an overall survival (OS) of 26.0 months; grade III patients had a PFS-6 of 37.5 %, median PFS of 3.6 months and OS 23 months. PTK787 was modestly toxic at the dose of 500 mg administered twice per day. Activity as determined by PFS-6 suggests that targeting PDGF/VEGF pathway warrants further investigation.
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Wiza C, Nascimento EBM, Ouwens DM. Role of PRAS40 in Akt and mTOR signaling in health and disease. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E1453-60. [PMID: 22354785 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00660.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The proline-rich Akt substrate of 40 kDa (PRAS40) acts at the intersection of the Akt- and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated signaling pathways. The protein kinase mTOR is the catalytic subunit of two distinct signaling complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2, that link energy and nutrients to the regulation of cellular growth and energy metabolism. Activation of mTOR in response to nutrients and growth factors results in the phosphorylation of numerous substrates, including the phosphorylations of S6 kinase by mTORC1 and Akt by mTORC2. Alterations in Akt and mTOR activity have been linked to the progression of multiple diseases such as cancer and type 2 diabetes. Although PRAS40 was first reported as substrate for Akt, investigations toward mTOR-binding partners subsequently identified PRAS40 as both component and substrate of mTORC1. Phosphorylation of PRAS40 by Akt and by mTORC1 itself results in dissociation of PRAS40 from mTORC1 and may relieve an inhibitory constraint on mTORC1 activity. Adding to the complexity is that gene silencing studies indicate that PRAS40 is also necessary for the activity of the mTORC1 complex. This review summarizes the regulation and potential function(s) of PRAS40 in the complex Akt- and mTOR-signaling network in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Wiza
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
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22
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Abstract
Studies of epilepsy have mainly focused on the membrane proteins that control neuronal excitability. Recently, attention has been shifting to intracellular proteins and their interactions, signaling cascades and feedback regulation as they relate to epilepsy. The mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signal transduction pathway, especially, has been suggested to play an important role in this regard. These pathways are involved in major physiological processes as well as in numerous pathological conditions. Here, involvement of the mTOR pathway in epilepsy will be reviewed by presenting; an overview of the pathway, a brief description of key signaling molecules, a summary of independent reports and possible implications of abnormalities of those molecules in epilepsy, a discussion of the lack of experimental data, and questions raised for the understanding its epileptogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hoon Cho
- Epilepsy Research Laboratory Department of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Robel S, Berninger B, Götz M. The stem cell potential of glia: lessons from reactive gliosis. Nat Rev Neurosci 2011; 12:88-104. [PMID: 21248788 DOI: 10.1038/nrn2978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Astrocyte-like cells, which act as stem cells in the adult brain, reside in a few restricted stem cell niches. However, following brain injury, glia outside these niches acquire or reactivate stem cell potential as part of reactive gliosis. Recent studies have begun to uncover the molecular pathways involved in this process. A comparison of molecular pathways activated after injury with those involved in the normal neural stem cell niches highlights strategies that could overcome the inhibition of neurogenesis outside the stem cell niche and instruct parenchymal glia towards a neurogenic fate. This new view on reactive glia therefore suggests a widespread endogenous source of cells with stem cell potential, which might potentially be harnessed for local repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Robel
- Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Germany
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Analysis of transforming growth factor β receptor expression and signaling in higher grade meningiomas. J Neurooncol 2010; 103:277-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-010-0399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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