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Thangameeran SIM, Tsai ST, Liew HK, Pang CY. Examining Transcriptomic Alterations in Rat Models of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Severe Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Biomolecules 2024; 14:678. [PMID: 38927081 PMCID: PMC11202056 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a life-threatening condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study investigates transcriptomic alterations in rodent models of ICH and severe ICH to shed light on the genetic pathways involved in hemorrhagic brain injury. We performed principal component analysis, revealing distinct principal component segments of normal rats compared to ICH and severe ICH rats. We employed heatmaps and volcano plots to identify differentially expressed genes and utilized bar plots and KEGG pathway analysis to elucidate the molecular pathways involved. We identified a multitude of differentially expressed genes in both the ICH and severe ICH models. Our results revealed 5679 common genes among the normal, ICH, and severe ICH groups in the upregulated genes group, and 1196 common genes in the downregulated genes, respectively. A volcano plot comparing these groups further highlighted common genes, including PDPN, TIMP1, SERPINE1, TUBB6, and CD44. These findings underscore the complex interplay of genes involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal damage. Furthermore, pathway enrichment analysis uncovered key signaling pathways, including the TNF signaling pathway, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, MAPK signaling pathway, and Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, implicated in the pathogenesis of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheng-Tzung Tsai
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; (S.I.M.T.); (S.-T.T.)
- Neuro-Medical Scientific Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Hock-Kean Liew
- Neuro-Medical Scientific Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yoong Pang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; (S.I.M.T.); (S.-T.T.)
- Neuro-Medical Scientific Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
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Augmenting hematoma-scavenging capacity of innate immune cells by CDNF reduces brain injury and promotes functional recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:128. [PMID: 36792604 PMCID: PMC9932138 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
During intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), hematoma formation at the site of blood vessel damage results in local mechanical injury. Subsequently, erythrocytes lyse to release hemoglobin and heme, which act as neurotoxins and induce inflammation and secondary brain injury, resulting in severe neurological deficits. Accelerating hematoma resorption and mitigating hematoma-induced brain edema by modulating immune cells has potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for functional recovery after ICH. Here, we show that intracerebroventricular administration of recombinant human cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (rhCDNF) accelerates hemorrhagic lesion resolution, reduces peri-focal edema, and improves neurological outcomes in an animal model of collagenase-induced ICH. We demonstrate that CDNF acts on microglia/macrophages in the hemorrhagic striatum by promoting scavenger receptor expression, enhancing erythrophagocytosis and increasing anti-inflammatory mediators while suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Administration of rhCDNF results in upregulation of the Nrf2-HO-1 pathway, but alleviation of oxidative stress and unfolded protein responses in the perihematomal area. Finally, we demonstrate that intravenous delivery of rhCDNF has beneficial effects in an animal model of ICH and that systemic application promotes scavenging by the brain's myeloid cells for the treatment of ICH.
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Lichlyter DA, Krumm ZA, Golde TA, Doré S. Role of CRF and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in stroke: revisiting temporal considerations and targeting a new generation of therapeutics. FEBS J 2022; 290:1986-2010. [PMID: 35108458 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischaemic neurovascular stroke represents a leading cause of death in the developed world. Preclinical and human epidemiological evidence implicates the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of neuropeptides as mediators of acute neurovascular injury pathology. Preclinical investigations of the role of CRF, CRF receptors and CRF-dependent activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis have pointed toward a tissue-specific and temporal relationship between activation of these pathways and physiological outcomes. Based on the literature, the major phases of ischaemic stroke aetiology may be separated into an acute phase in which CRF and anti-inflammatory stress signalling are beneficial and a chronic phase in which these contribute to neural degeneration, toxicity and apoptotic signalling. Significant gaps in knowledge remain regarding the pathway, temporality and systemic impact of CRF signalling and stress biology in neurovascular injury progression. Heterogeneity among experimental designs poses a challenge to defining the apparent reciprocal relationship between neurological injury and stress metabolism. Despite these challenges, it is our opinion that the elucidated temporality may be best matched with an antibody against CRF with a half-life of days to weeks as opposed to minutes to hours as with small-molecule CRF receptor antagonists. This state-of-the-art review will take a multipronged approach to explore the expected potential benefit of a CRF antibody by modulating CRF and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 signalling, glucocorticoids and autonomic nervous system activity. Additionally, this review compares the modulation of CRF and HPA axis activity in neuropsychiatric diseases and their counterpart outcomes post-stroke and assess lessons learned from antibody therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Lichlyter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zachary A Krumm
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Todd A Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Pharmaceutics, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Lin PBC, Wang PK, Pang CY, Hu WF, Tsai APY, Oblak AL, Liew HK. Moderate Ethanol Pre-treatment Mitigates ICH-Induced Injury via ER Stress Modulation in Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:682775. [PMID: 34248500 PMCID: PMC8267178 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.682775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a life-threatening type of stroke that disrupts the normal neurological function of the brain. Clinical studies have reported a non-linear J-shaped association between alcohol consumption levels and the occurrence of cerebral stroke. Specifically, alcohol intoxication increases stroke incidence, while moderate alcohol pre-conditioning decreases stroke frequency and improves outcomes. Although alcohol pre-consumption is likely a crucial player in ICH, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We performed 1-h alcohol pre-conditioning followed by ICH induction in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to investigate the role of alcohol pre-conditioning in ICH. Interestingly, behavioral test analysis found that ethanol intoxication (3 g/kg) aggravated ICH-induced neurological deficits, but moderate ethanol pre-conditioning (0.75 g/kg) ameliorated ICH-induced neurological deficits by reducing the oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines release. Moreover, we found that moderate ethanol pretreatment improved the striatal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis by increasing the chaperone protein expression and reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis caused by ICH. Our findings show that the mechanism regulated by moderate ethanol pre-conditioning might be beneficial for ICH, indicating the importance of ER homeostasis, oxidative stress, and differential cytokines release in ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bor-Chian Lin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Po-Kai Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yoong Pang
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fen Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Andy Po-Yi Tsai
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Adrian L Oblak
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Hock-Kean Liew
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Neuro-Medical Scientific Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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Zeng Z, Gong X, Hu Z. L-3-n-butylphthalide attenuates inflammation response and brain edema in rat intracerebral hemorrhage model. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11768-11780. [PMID: 32564011 PMCID: PMC7343495 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
L-3-n-butylphthalide(NBP), a compound found in Apium graveolens Linn seed extracts, has a therapeutic effect on acute ischemic stroke. The pathological inflammatory pathways and consequent brain edema in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) share some similar characteristics with ischemic stroke. We hypothesized that NBP has anti-inflammatory and therapeutic effects on rats with ICH. ICH was induced by an infusion of bacterial collagenase type IV into the unilateral striatum of anesthetized rats. The therapeutic effect of NBP was measured by assessing neurological function, brain water content, blood-brain barrier permeability, and expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) around the hematoma 48 hours after surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed 4 and 48 hours after ICH induction, and ICH-induced injured area volumes were measured using T2-weighted images. The NBP treatment group performed better in the neurological function test than the vehicle group. Moreover, in comparison with the vehicle group, NBP group showed a lower expanded hematoma volume, brain water content, blood-brain barrier permeability, and TNF-α/ MMP-9 expression level. Our results indicate that NBP attenuates inflammation and brain edema in rat ICH model. Therefore, our findings also provide a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ICH with NBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiyu Gong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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Choy KW, Tsai APY, Lin PBC, Wu MY, Lee C, Alias A, Pang CY, Liew HK. The Role of Urocortins in Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010096. [PMID: 31935997 PMCID: PMC7022917 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes an accumulation of blood in the brain parenchyma that disrupts the normal neurological function of the brain. Despite extensive clinical trials, no medical or surgical therapy has shown to be effective in managing ICH, resulting in a poor prognosis for the patients. Urocortin (UCN) is a 40-amino-acid endogenous neuropeptide that belongs to the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) family. The effect of UCN is activated by binding to two G-protein coupled receptors, CRH-R1 and CRH-R2, which are expressed in brain neurons and glial cells in various brain regions. Current research has shown that UCN exerts neuroprotective effects in ICH models via anti-inflammatory effects, which generally reduced brain edema and reduced blood-brain barrier disruption. These effects gradually help in the improvement of the neurological outcome, and thus, UCN may be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of ICH. This review summarizes the data published to date on the role of UCN in ICH and the possible protective mechanisms underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ker Woon Choy
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 42300, Malaysia;
| | - Andy Po-Yi Tsai
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.P.-Y.T.); (P.B.-C.L.)
| | - Peter Bor-Chian Lin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.P.-Y.T.); (P.B.-C.L.)
| | - Meng-Yu Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chihyi Lee
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Aspalilah Alias
- Department of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia;
| | - Cheng-Yoong Pang
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 707, Section 3, Zhong-yang Road, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- CardioVascular Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.P.); or (H.-K.L.); Tel.: +886-3-8561825 (ext. 15911) (H.-K.L.); Fax: +886-3-8562019 (H.-K.L.)
| | - Hock-Kean Liew
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 707, Section 3, Zhong-yang Road, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- CardioVascular Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Neuro-Medical Scientific Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.P.); or (H.-K.L.); Tel.: +886-3-8561825 (ext. 15911) (H.-K.L.); Fax: +886-3-8562019 (H.-K.L.)
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Liu X, Liu C, Li J, Zhang X, Song F, Xu J. Urocortin attenuates myocardial fibrosis in diabetic rats via the Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway. Endocr Res 2016; 41:148-57. [PMID: 26934363 DOI: 10.3109/07435800.2015.1094489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Urocortin, a novel identified corticotropin-releasing factor-related endocrinal peptide, has been shown to play an essential role in cardioprotection. Until recently, whether urocortin can protect the heart against diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) remained unclear. Herein, we evaluated the cardioprotective effect of urocortin on cardiac dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis and demonstrated the potential mechanism in a diabetic rat model. METHODS Diabetic rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: diabetic control group, urocortin, urocortin + astressin (a selective CRF receptor 2 antagonist) and urocortin + triciribine (an Akt pathway blocker). Cardiac catheterization was performed to evaluate cardiac function. The levels of creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF) and left ventricular mass index (LVWI) were measured. Inflammatory factors (transforming growth factor beta 1, TGF-β1; connective tissue growth factor, CTGF) and activation of signaling proteins (Akt, GSK-3β) were also detected using western blot. RESULTS DCM was successfully induced by the injection of streptozotocin (STZ) as evidenced by abnormal heart mass and cardiac function as well as the imbalance of extracellular matrix homeostasis. Rats in the DCM group showed increased mRNA and protein levels of LVWI, BNP, CK-MB, CVF, TGF-β1 and CTGF compared to the control group, which were accompanied with diminished phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β. Interestingly, myocardial dysfunction, cardiac fibrosis, and inflammation were suppressed by urocortin in the heart of diabetic rats. Moreover, inhibition of phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β was also reversed by urocortin. These effects of urocortin were suppressed by astressin. In addition, triciribine partially reduced the effects of urocortin on myocardial dysfunction, inflammation, and cardiac fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that urocortin exhibits a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of DCM by attenuating fibrosis and inflammation. Furthermore, inhibition of the Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway may be partially responsible for these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- a The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University , Jinzhou , China
- b Department of Endocrinology , Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , China
| | - Chunna Liu
- c Department of Pharmacology , Liaoning Medical University , Jinzhou , China
| | - Jian Li
- a The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University , Jinzhou , China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- a The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University , Jinzhou , China
| | - Feiran Song
- a The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University , Jinzhou , China
| | - Jin Xu
- b Department of Endocrinology , Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , China
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Huang HY, Chiu TL, Chang HF, Hsu HR, Pang CY, Liew HK, Wang MJ. Epigenetic regulation contributes to urocortin-enhanced midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation. Stem Cells 2016; 33:1601-17. [PMID: 25641682 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The production of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons requires precise extrinsic inductive signals and intrinsic transcriptional cascade at a specific time point in development. Urocortin (UCN) is a peptide of the corticotropin-releasing hormone family that mediates various responses to stress. UCN was first cloned from adult rat midbrain. However, the contribution of UCN to the development of mDA neurons is poorly understood. Here, we show that UCN is endogenously expressed in the developing ventral midbrain (VM) and its receptors are exhibited in Nurr1(+) postmitotic mDA precursors and TH(+) neurons, suggesting possible roles in regulating their terminal differentiation. UCN treatment increased DA cell numbers in rat VM precursor cultures by promoting the conversion of Nurr1(+) precursors into DA neurons. Furthermore, neutralization of secreted UCN with anti-UCN antibody resulted in a reduction in the number of DA neurons. UCN induced an abundance of acetylated histone H3 and enhanced late DA regulator Nurr1, Foxa2, and Pitx3 expressions. Using pharmacological and RNA interference approaches, we further demonstrated that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition and late transcriptional factors upregulation contribute to UCN-mediated DA neuron differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that UCN promoted histone acetylation of chromatin surrounding the TH promoter by directly inhibiting HDAC and releasing of methyl CpG binding protein 2-CoREST-HDAC1 repressor complex from the promoter, ultimately leading to an increase in Nurr1/coactivators-mediated transcription of TH gene. Moreover, UCN treatment in vivo also resulted in increased DA neuron differentiation. These findings suggest that UCN might contribute to regulate late mDA neuron differentiation during VM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Neuro-Medical Scientific Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
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Liew HK, Cheng HY, Huang LC, Li KW, Peng HF, Yang HI, Lin PBC, Kuo JS, Pang CY. Acute Alcohol Intoxication Aggravates Brain Injury Caused by Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 25:15-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Liew HK, Huang LC, Yang HI, Peng HF, Li KW, Tsai APY, Chen SY, Kuo JS, Pang CY. Therapeutic effects of human urocortin-1, -2 and -3 in intracerebral hemorrhage of rats. Neuropeptides 2015; 52:89-96. [PMID: 26055808 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Urocortin exerts neuroprotective effects in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) of rats. For pre-clinical trial, we intended to study the neuroprotective efficacy of human UCN (hUCN)-1, -2 and -3 in treating ICH rats. ICH was induced by infusing bacterial collagenase VII (0.23 U in sterile saline) to the striatum. The hUCN-1, -2, and -3 were administrated (2.5μg/kg, i.p.) at 1h after ICH insult, respectively. Neurological deficits were evaluated by modified Neurological Severity Scores. Brain edema and hematoma expansion was evaluated by coronal T2-WI and DWI magnetic resonance imaging on 1, 3, 6, 24, and 56h after ICH insult. Blood-brain barrier permeability was evaluated by Evans blue assay on day 3 after ICH. Brain lesion volume was evaluated by morphormetric measurement on day 7 after ICH. Our results demonstrated that the hUCN-1 significantly reduced hematoma, blood-brain barrier disruption and neurological deficits on day 3, and brain lesion volume on day 7 after ICH insult. The prediction of secondary structure of the hUCNs clarifies that the percentage of alpha-helix, random coil and extended strand between rat-UCN (rUCN)-1 and hUCN-1 are the same. The structure similarity between human- and rat-UCN-1 may be one of the reasons that both can exert similar therapeutic potential in ICH rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hock-Kean Liew
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Chuan Huang
- Department of Radiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-I Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Fen Peng
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuo-Wei Li
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Andy Po-Yi Tsai
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shin-Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC; Neuro-Medical Scientific Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jon-Son Kuo
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC; Neuro-Medical Scientific Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Yoong Pang
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC.
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Enhanced Neuroprotection of Minimally Invasive Surgery Joint Local Cooling Lavage against ICH-induced Inflammation Injury and Apoptosis in Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liu C, Liu X, Yang J, Duan Y, Yao H, Li F, Zhang X. The effects of vasoactive peptide urocortin 2 on hemodynamics in spontaneous hypertensive rat and the role of L-type calcium channel and CRFR2. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:394-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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13
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Xu S, Wu Q, Guo G, Ding X. The protective effects of urocortin1 against intracerebral hemorrhage by activating JNK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation and further increasing VEGF via corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2. Neurosci Lett 2015; 589:31-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Liu X, Liu C, Zhang X, Zhao J, Xu J. Urocortin ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats via the Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:667-674. [PMID: 25667611 PMCID: PMC4316969 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Urocortin has been shown to exert powerful protective effects on various cardiovascular disease models. However, the role and mechanism of urocortin in protecting against diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, the effects of urocortin on cardiac dysfunction, fibrosis, inflammation and the interrelated signaling pathways were investigated in a diabetic rat model. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced in the rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The diabetic rats were randomly divided into four groups: Diabetic control, urocortin, urocortin + astressin treatment and urocortin + triciribine treatment groups. All the experiments were conducted at 16 weeks following the induction of DM. The levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) and plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), as well as the myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF) and left ventricular mass index (LVWI), were measured. In addition, levels of inflammatory factors, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and interrelated proteins, such as Akt and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, were detected by biochemical analyses. In the diabetic group, the levels of BNP and CK-MB, as well as the mRNA and protein expression levels of TGF-β1 and CTGF, and the LVWI and CVF, were higher compared with the rats in the control group (P<0.05). This was accompanied by decreased Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation (P<0.05). Notably, urocortin attenuated myocardial dysfunction, cardiac fibrosis and inflammation in the hearts of the diabetic rats. However, urocortin exhibited no effect on the level of HbA1c. In addition, the inhibited phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β was restored with urocortin administration. However, all the effects of urocortin were eliminated with treatment of the corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 antagonist, astressin. Triciribine, an Akt inhibitor, partially eliminated the effects of urocortin on myocardial dysfunction, inflammation and cardiac fibrosis in the hearts of the diabetic rats. These results indicated that urocortin may exhibit great therapeutic potential in the treatment of DCM by attenuating fibrosis and inflammation. Furthermore, the Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway may be partially involved in mediating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China ; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Chunna Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Leonardo CC, Robbins S, Doré S. Translating basic science research to clinical application: models and strategies for intracerebral hemorrhage. Front Neurol 2012; 3:85. [PMID: 22661966 PMCID: PMC3361857 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2012.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical stroke models provide insights into mechanisms of cellular injury and potential therapeutic targets. Renewed efforts to standardize preclinical practices and adopt more rigorous approaches reflect the assumption that a better class of compounds will translate into clinical efficacy. While the need for novel therapeutics is clear, it is also critical that diagnostics be improved to allow for more rapid treatment upon hospital admission. Advances in imaging techniques have aided in the diagnosis of stroke, yet current limitations and expenses demonstrate the need for new and complementary approaches. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) exhibits the highest mortality rate, displays unique pathology and requires specialized treatment strategies relative to other forms of stroke. The aggressive nature and severe consequences of ICH underscore the need for novel therapeutic approaches as well as accurate and expeditious diagnostic tools. The use of experimental models will continue to aid in addressing these important issues as the field attempts to translate basic science findings into the clinical setting. Several preclinical models of ICH have been developed and are widely used to recapitulate human pathology. Because each model has limitations, the burden lies with the investigator to clearly define the question being asked and select the model system that is most relevant to that question. It may also be necessary to optimize and refine pre-existing paradigms, or generate new paradigms, as the future success of translational research is dependent upon the ability to mimic human sequelae and assess clinically relevant outcome measures as means to evaluate therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Leonardo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
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Liew HK, Pang CY, Hsu CW, Wang MJ, Li TY, Peng HF, Kuo JS, Wang JY. Systemic administration of urocortin after intracerebral hemorrhage reduces neurological deficits and neuroinflammation in rats. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:13. [PMID: 22257737 PMCID: PMC3271957 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains a serious clinical problem lacking effective treatment. Urocortin (UCN), a novel anti-inflammatory neuropeptide, protects injured cardiomyocytes and dopaminergic neurons. Our preliminary studies indicate UCN alleviates ICH-induced brain injury when administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV). The present study examines the therapeutic effect of UCN on ICH-induced neurological deficits and neuroinflammation when administered by the more convenient intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. Methods ICH was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intrastriatal infusion of bacterial collagenase VII-S or autologous blood. UCN (2.5 or 25 μg/kg) was administered i.p. at 60 minutes post-ICH. Penetration of i.p. administered fluorescently labeled UCN into the striatum was examined by fluorescence microscopy. Neurological deficits were evaluated by modified neurological severity score (mNSS). Brain edema was assessed using the dry/wet method. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption was assessed using the Evans blue assay. Hemorrhagic volume and lesion volume were assessed by Drabkin's method and morphometric assay, respectively. Pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) expression was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Microglial activation and neuronal loss were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results Administration of UCN reduced neurological deficits from 1 to 7 days post-ICH. Surprisingly, although a higher dose (25 μg/kg, i.p.) also reduced the functional deficits associated with ICH, it is significantly less effective than the lower dose (2.5 μg/kg, i.p.). Beneficial results with the low dose of UCN included a reduction in neurological deficits from 1 to 7 days post-ICH, as well as a reduction in brain edema, BBB disruption, lesion volume, microglial activation and neuronal loss 3 days post-ICH, and suppression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production 1, 3 and 7 days post-ICH. Conclusion Systemic post-ICH treatment with UCN reduces striatal injury and neurological deficits, likely via suppression of microglial activation and inflammatory cytokine production. The low dose of UCN necessary and the clinically amenable peripheral route make UCN a potential candidate for development into a clinical treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hock-Kean Liew
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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